RU2414284C2 - Disperser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device intended for mixing heterogeneous and homogeneous systems and may be used in chemical and food industries etc. Disperser comprises housing with feed and discharge branch pipes that accommodate aligned perforated rotor and stator disks. Each hole of rotor and stator disks represents a disk segment truncated by two concentric circles. Area of aforesaid holes and their arrangement obey the claimed set of equations.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of mixing heterogeneous and homogeneous systems "fluid-solid particles", "fluid-fluid".

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Description

The invention relates to devices for mixing heterogeneous and homogeneous systems "liquid-solid particles", "liquid-liquid" and can be used in chemical, food and other industries.

A device for processing highly viscous materials is known, comprising a housing made in the form of half cylinders with loading and unloading holes and parallel rotating shafts with transverse disks installed at a distance smaller than the diameter of the disks in the radial direction, the shafts are provided with longitudinal blades mounted along the periphery of the disks near the inner surface of the housing , and radial slots are made in the disks for the passage of the longitudinal blades of the adjacent shaft. The projections are made on the flat surfaces of the disks, and the shafts are made hollow for supplying a coolant. [A.S. USSR No. 458115, class B01F 7/10. Device for processing highly viscous materials / Isao Hayashi, Kenitiro Kondo. Stated April 26, 71. Published 1/25/75.]

The disadvantage of this device for processing highly viscous materials is the increased energy consumption for processing media due to the presence of two shafts, as well as the complexity of manufacturing disks.

Known dispersant containing a cylindrical housing with an inlet chamber having a supercharger and a distributor, and with an exit chamber, movable and fixed disks, alternately mounted respectively on the shaft and on the inner surface of the housing, while the movable disks are made with knife protrusions, and the fixed disks are segmented holes, the movable discs are made with segmented holes located near the axis of the housing, the fixed discs are with segmented holes on their periphery, and the knife protrusions are with a pointed front edge, while all discs are installed with the same gaps between them. [A.S. USSR No. 1560287, class B01F 7/10. Dispersant / Rassolov O.P., Baturov V.I., Baksheev I.P., Bravermann P.F., Zhuravsky V.G., Finger G.G. Declared 03.19.87. Published on April 30, 90.]

The disadvantages of this dispersant are the design complexity and low productivity of the device due to the small processing zone of the medium.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention (prototype) is a homogenizer, comprising a housing with loading and unloading nozzles, in which the rotor and stator disks with holes are coaxially mounted, the holes on the rotor and stator disks are located along oppositely directed spirals or Archimedes spirals with step 1, 1-1.3 hole diameters. [A.S. USSR No. 1494956, class B01F 7/10. Homogenizer / Shkarupa V.Yu., Storozhenko V.Ya., Panin Yu.G., Paramonov V.I., Lykov V.N. Declared 05/11/87. Published on July 23, 89.]

During the operation of this homogenizer, there are no moments of complete overlap of the channels of movement of the medium being processed through the apparatus, at which significant values of the velocity and pressure gradients arise, intensifying the mixing processes. Also, the uneven opening of the holes through which the processed material passes leads to an uneven distribution of the mixture between the disks in the apparatus. In connection with this drawback of this homogenizer is the relatively low mixing efficiency of heterogeneous and homogeneous liquid-solid particles, liquid-liquid systems.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of mixing heterogeneous and homogeneous systems "liquid-solid particles", "liquid-liquid".

This problem is solved due to the fact that the dispersant contains a housing with loading and unloading nozzles, in which the rotor and stator disks with holes are coaxially mounted, and according to the invention, each hole of the rotor and stator disks is made in the form of a disk segment truncated by two concentric circles, and the area of the holes on the rotor and stator disks and their location obey the system of equations:

,

,

where S _n , S _{n + 1} , S _{n + 2} ... - the area of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m ² (according to figure 2);

φ - forming the angle of the truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, rad (according to figure 2);

R _n , R _{n + 1} , R _{n + 2} ... - forming the radii of the concentric circles of truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m (according to figure 2);

n is a positive integer (1, 2, 3 ...);

k is a positive even number (2, 4, 6 ...);

π = 3.14159.

1 shows a dispersant.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of the rotor disk and the stator.

The dispersant comprises a housing 1 with loading 2 and discharge 3 nozzles, in which the rotor disks 4 and the stator 5 with holes 6 are coaxially mounted, each opening of the rotor and stator disks made in the form of a disk segment truncated by two concentric circles, and the area of the holes on the rotor disks and the stator and their location obey the system of equations:

,

,

where S _n , S _{n + 1} , S _{n + 2} ... - the area of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m ² (according to figure 2);

φ - forming the angle of the truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, rad (according to figure 2);

R _n , R _{n + 1} , R _{n + 2} ... - forming the radii of the concentric circles of truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m (according to figure 2);

n is a positive integer (1, 2, 3 ...);

k is a positive even number (2, 4, 6 ...);

π = 3.14159.

Dispersant works as follows.

Under the influence of mass forces or artificially generated excess pressure, the treated heterogeneous and homogeneous medium moves from the loading pipe 2 to the discharge pipe 3. When moving through the holes 6 of the disks of the rotor 4 and the stator 5, the medium is subjected to intense mechanical and hydrodynamic effects, while the components of the medium are effectively mixed and are crushed.

The holes in the rotor and stator, creating an axial flow, continuously orient the elements of the medium volume perpendicular to the direction of shear, and also split the flows into small volumes, contributing to a significant increase in the interface surface area and uniform distribution of the volume elements of the processed mixture in the apparatus.

The intensity of the mechanical and hydrodynamic effects is achieved by a relatively high rotor speed with the appearance of turbulent motion of the medium, uniform opening of the holes, and also due to the forced complete blocking of the channels of movement of the processed medium through the apparatus with the appearance of significant values of the velocity and pressure gradients.

In order to fulfill the condition under which there are moments of complete overlap of the channels of movement of the medium being processed through the apparatus and the uniform opening of the holes, it is necessary to fulfill the conditions of the above system of equations.

, таким образом, после математических преобразований в системе уравнений записано уравнение для расчета S_n. Т.к. размеры отверстий и их расположение относительно оси вращения одинаковы для дисков ротора и статора, то при таком расположении отверстий будет существовать момент полного их закрытия, т.е. несовпадения отверстий на роторе и статоре. Этот момент возникнет при нахождении одинаковых отверстий ротора и статора в смежных секторах с углом в вершине φ.This is achieved due to the fact that the rotor and stator disks are divided into sectors with a vertex angle equal to φ. On the disk of the rotor and stator, as shown in figure 2, in each of two adjacent sectors with concentric circles of radius R _n , R _{n + 1} , R _{n + 2} ... and an angle φ, holes are formed with an area of S _n , S _{n + 1} , S _{n + 2} ... The area of each hole of the rotor and stator is determined based on the known dependence for calculating the area of the circle sector by radius and angle and is equal to

Thus, after mathematical transformations, the equation for calculating S _{n is} written in the system of equations. Because the dimensions of the holes and their location relative to the axis of rotation are the same for the disks of the rotor and stator, then with this arrangement of the holes there will be a moment of their complete closure, i.e. mismatch of holes on the rotor and stator. This moment arises when identical rotor and stator openings are found in adjacent sectors with an angle at the vertex φ.

In order for uniform opening of the rotor and stator holes, it is necessary that in each of two adjacent sectors the area of coincidence of the rotor and stator holes is the same. This means that the area of the holes of the rotor and stator in adjacent sectors are equal, i.e. S _n + S _{n + 2} = S _{n + 1} + S _{n + 3} .

.The number of sectors on the rotor and stator, determined by the angle φ, should be even in view of the presence of adjacent sectors, i.e.

.

The holes of the rotor and stator disks are formed by concentric circles whose radii increase from the center to the periphery, i.e. R _{n + 1} > R _n .

The main advantage of the proposed dispersant is an increase in the mixing efficiency of heterogeneous and homogeneous systems "liquid-solid particles", "liquid-liquid".

Claims (1)

A dispersant comprising a housing with loading and unloading nozzles, in which rotor and stator disks with holes are coaxially mounted, characterized in that each hole of the rotor and stator disks is made in the form of a disk segment truncated by two concentric circles, and the area of the holes on the rotor and stator disks and their location obey the system of equations:

where S _n , S _{n + 1} , S _{n + 2} ... - the area of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m ² (figure 2);
φ - forming the angle of the truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, rad (figure 2);
R _n , R _{n + 1} , R _{n + 2} ... - forming the radii of the concentric circles of the truncated segments of the holes of the disks of the rotor and stator, m (Fig.2);
n is a positive integer (1, 2, 3 ...);
k is a positive even number (2, 4, 6 ...);
π = 3.14159.

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