RU2629785C2 - Method for extending production longevity of sowings of perennial leguminous grasses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method including sowing leguminous grasses of perennial productive use and strip sowing of winter cereal crops, for example winter rye, into the mechanically destroyed sod of the perennial leguminous sowings, and applying fertilizers. Wherein in the last year of production longevity, after the first mowing, in the mechanically destroyed sod of perennial leguminous sowings, winter cereal crops are sown by the strip method, and the next year the updated sowings are harvested for fodder purposes. Simultaneously with sowing the seeds of winter cereal crops, phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers are added to the strips of the mechanically destroyed sod of perennial leguminous grasses.

EFFECT: method allows to prolong the production longevity of the sowings of perennial leguminous grasses and to reduce the energy consumption for tillage after harvesting grass stands due to the connectivity reduction of the sod of perennial grasses as a result of the strip sod tillage in the period of sowing the seeds of winter cereal crops.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of cultivating herbs.

A known method of growing plants of forage crops [1], including the sowing of forage crops in the grass of winter cereals. This method of sowing grass mixtures of legumes and cereals after mixing the seeds gives the desired effect when they interact only for only one year. In the second and third years of using these crops, cereals as more aggressive plants displace legumes from the grass stand. As a result, the productivity of grass and the quality of feed decreases. For this reason, it is advisable to use separate sowing of crops in parallel alternating rows.

A known method of cultivation of perennial grasses [2], which includes a strip sowing of seeds of legumes, such as clover meadow, in the turf of hayfields and pastures, the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and repeated strip sowing of clover. Strip sowing of clover seeds in turf is carried out in winter along meadow strips cleared of snow simultaneously with milling of the upper layer of turf. This method is not acceptable for the Kirov region in view of the low winter hardiness of legumes, since their crops die in the winter-spring period. In addition, with this method of replanting, due to the high soil moisture in the spring, the field surface is disturbed and grass is thinned.

A known method of cultivating fodder crops [3], including the sowing of several components in unmixed crops in parallel alternating rows in a pure form, using legumes and cereals and machine harvesting at an angle to the direction of sowing. The disadvantage of this method is that there is a gradual degeneration of legumes in the third, fourth and fifth years of growth due to the aggressiveness of cereals in multicomponent grass mixtures. And also when harvesting cereal and bean components, the coefficient of variation of the mixture components is exceeded, which is unacceptable to create a complete feed for protein and protein.

A known method of cultivating perennial grasses [4], based on the sowing of legumes alternating parallel strips and cereals alternating rows. The first strip is sown with meadow clover and horned lamb. The second lane is a mixture of alfalfa seeds of bluehybrid alfalfa and meadow clover, and perpendicular to them, two lanes are sown with beechless rind, hedgehog team, meadow fescue and meadow fescue seeds separately. When sowing each strip, unbearable legume seeds are added to the mixture in an amount of at least half of the sown seed mass. The disadvantage of this method is that the re-sowing of clover seeds in the same bands does not give the expected result, since clover fatigue occurs.

Closest to the technical solution and the achieved result, the proposed invention relates to a method of cultivating grasses [5], where in the spring time a direct strip sowing of grass seeds is carried out in a mechanically destroyed turf, set apart separately from each other with the creation of successively alternating sections of the strip. At the same time, grass seeds with a higher potential yield and a short production longevity, for example, clover, are sown in areas of shorter strip lengths (l ₁ ), and grass seeds with a lower potential yield and a long production longevity, for example, horned lamb, in strips of greater length (l ₂ ).

The disadvantage of this method is the low reliability of crop rotation, the shortage of early spring green feed and the need to adjust the ratio of the strip lengths of each crop, which leads to increased labor costs.

The objective of the invention is to extend the production longevity of crops of perennial leguminous grasses and reduce energy consumption for tillage after harvesting grass stands.

The problem is solved by the method of extending the production longevity of crops of perennial leguminous grasses with local application of mineral fertilizers, including sowing legume grasses of long-term production use and strip sowing of winter cereal crops, for example winter rye, in the mechanically destroyed turf of perennial leguminous crops, fertilizing during in the last year of production longevity after the first mowing into the mechanically destroyed turf of perennial leguminous crops, the floor winter cereal crops are sown in the main way, and the next year, updated crops are harvested for fodder purposes.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the essence of the method.

A method of extending the production longevity of crops of perennial leguminous herbs is as follows.

In spring, seeds of perennial leguminous grasses are sown in mechanically destructible turf. In order to increase feed production, winter cereal crops are of great importance in solving the problem of deficiency of early spring green fodder and protecting soils from erosion. They are resistant to powdery mildew, all types of rust, snow mold, and are also characterized by high drought tolerance and winter hardiness. And in the last year of production longevity, after the first mowing of perennial leguminous grasses, winter cereal cereal crops, for example winter rye, are sown in strips of mechanically destroyed turf of perennial leguminous grasses with the simultaneous application of phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers with a given length l ₂ (see Fig. 1 ) Then next year the updated crops are harvested for fodder purposes.

Using the method of extending the production longevity of crops of perennial leguminous grasses with local application of mineral fertilizers ensures the extension of the production longevity of improved grasslands of meadows and pastures, improving the botanical composition, and increasing the potential yield of improved grasses. Reducing the energy consumption for soil cultivation after harvesting grass stands is ensured by reducing the connectivity of the turf of perennial grasses as a result of strip processing of the turf during the sowing of seeds of winter crops, as well as in changing the structure of the turf due to different properties of the root system of leguminous perennial grasses and winter crops.

Literature

1. Bechus, P.P. Intensification of field feed production. M: Agropromizdat, 1989, p. 83.

2. RF patent No. 2419271, IPC 6 А01В 079/02. The method of cultivation of perennial grasses / M.A. Kostenko. Publ. 12/27/10 g.

3. RF patent №2083068, IPC 6 А01В 079/00. The method of cultivation of forage crops / I.P. Kruzhilin, T.N. Dronova, A.M. Saldaev. Publ. 07/10/97

4. RF patent No. 2220524, MKI 7 AB01 79/02, A01G 1/00. The method of cultivation of herbs / V.A. Sysuev, A.D. Feedmen, R.F. Kurbanov. Publ. January 10, 04 Bul. No. 1 is a prototype.

5. RF patent No. 2388205, IPC 8 А01С 7/00. The method of cultivation of herbs / A.D. Feedmen, R.F. Kurbanov, V.A. Figurin, A.V. Sozontov, G.V. Shirokov. Publ. 05/10/2010 Bull. No. 13 is a prototype.

Claims (2)

1. A method of extending the production longevity of crops of perennial leguminous grasses, including sowing leguminous grasses of long-term production use and strip sowing of winter cereal crops, for example winter rye, in mechanically destroyed turf of perennial leguminous crops, fertilizing, characterized in that in the last year of production longevity , after the first mowing, winter cereal crops are sowed in a mechanically destroyed turf of perennial bean crops in a strip way Last year, updated crops are harvested for fodder. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the same time as the sowing of seeds of winter cereal crops, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are introduced into the strips of mechanically destroyed turf of perennial leguminous herbs.

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