RU2627494C1 - Method for preventing natural spread of seeds of sosnowsky's hogweed and other high-grown umbelliferae plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: when carrying out the method for preventing the natural spread of seeds, the seeds are separated from the stem. Separating the seeds is carried out by means of a receiving casing. Blades with cutting edges are installed in the casing. A product pipeline is connected to the casing. The product pipeline connects the casing with a hopper. To separate the seeds, the casing is placed over the plant. The blades are put into rotation. The casing is lowered until the umbels with seeds are separated from the stem. The seeds through the product pipeline are put in the hopper.

EFFECT: possibility of safe hogweed treatment at the stage of seed ripening.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and in particular to methods and devices for combating cow parsnip Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden).

The natural distribution of seeds by the wind is one of the main reasons for the uncontrolled resettlement of the hogweed Sosnowski (e.g., author: Alexey Norkin, source: http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-72271/, © Shkolazhizni.ru, and Luneva N. N. Borschevik Sosnowski in the Russian Federation. Journal of Plant Protection and Quarantine No. 3/2014). Taking into account the biological features, the strategy for combating Sosnowski hogweed should be aimed at preventing the formation of seeds, and the easiest way to achieve this is to periodically mow the plants. To achieve a tangible result, mowing should be carried out up to three times per season and for several consecutive years (http://www.fermersha.ru/blog/ilya/borba-s-borshchevikorn). It is the latter, namely the need to mow up to three times per season and for several years in a row determines the low efficiency of the technology noted.

Known (RU 2399204) is a method of destroying thickets of giant hogweed on non-agricultural lands, including restoring the landscape by forming a sod layer by sowing grass seeds, for which in the early spring after emergence emerges infected territory and, taking into account the relief, form areas. Then, on the surface of the formed area, a protective carpet of continuous flexible water-permeable material with a density that penetrates through it the roots of the grasses is laid. The carpet is covered with clean soil with a height of at least 5 cm. In the area with a slope, before the backfill, geogrids are installed on the carpet to protect the soil from erosion. Then sowing grass dominant dominant of the area is carried out with an increased sowing rate of 10-30 kg / ha with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers.

The complexity of the technology according to RU 2399204, namely the allocation of contaminated territory, the formation of sites, the laying of a protective carpet from special material, filling it with soil, installing geogrids, sowing grass, fertilizing - determine not only the feasibility of finding more efficient and cheap technologies, but also already The national economic importance of the problem of combating cow parsnip.

There is another, closest to the claimed, a method of destroying unwanted vegetation on the ground in accordance with RU 2600603, according to which, in order to destroy vegetation, the root system of the plant is affected by ultrasound.

This technology involves the processing by the performer of each plant. If the land is heavily clogged, it is safe for the contractor to treat a recess deep into the thickets of the cow parsnip, taking into account its danger to humans and animals, over a small area from the edge line of the growing cowberry, it requires the use of special protective measures (chemical protective suit, respiratory protective equipment, eye protection). In addition, the use of ultrasonic technology according to RU 2600603 is advisable no later than the budding phase of the plant, since fallen unripe seeds of this plant are able to ripen and maintain germination for several years.

The objective of the proposed method is the creation of techniques and tools that allow for safe operations for a person to carry out technological operations with hogweed both close and at a certain distance from its location in the stage of ripening of seeds, which will allow to abandon at least the first two periodic mowing.

The problem is solved in that in order to increase the effectiveness of the fight against Sosnowski hogweed, in a method of preventing the natural spread of seeds of tall umbrella plants, which consists in separating the umbrellas with seeds from the main stem and placing the separated material in the hopper using air flow to separate umbrellas with seeds and transporting the separated material, a receiving casing is used, in the lower part of which blades with cutting edges are installed, creating an ascending air flow, with a product conduit connected to the upper part of the receiving casing connecting the receiving casing with the hopper, first the receiving casing is placed above the plant, the blades are rotated, and then the receiving casing is moved down to separate the umbrellas with seeds from the main stem.

The essence of the method is illustrated in FIG. one.

The installation for implementation comprises a receiving casing 1 of a shape tapering from the bottom up, which is connected to the hopper 4 by means of a flexible product duct 2 connected to the upper flange 3 of the casing 4. In the lower part of the casing 1, pylons 5 are installed with a sleeve 6 through which a shaft 7 connecting the fixed on the shaft 7 of the blade 8 with the drive 9. The drive 9 is installed outside the casing 1 in its upper part.

The receiving casing 1 by means of an arrow 10 is mounted rotatably (arrow 11) on a self-propelled chassis 12. Also on the chassis 12 is a hopper 4, in the upper part of which filter screens 13 are installed.

The receiving casing 1 is installed above the plant 14, rotate the blades 8 by means of the drive 9, which create an upward air flow (arrow 15), and then the receiving casing is lowered down (arrow 16) by a certain distance Li. The lower cutting edges 17 of the blades 8 cut off the umbrellas with the seeds 18 of the plant 14, which through the flexible product pipe 2 enter the hopper 4 by air flow (arrow 15), where the removed material is separated. Cut seeds 19 settle on the bottom of the hopper, and air leaves the hopper through the mesh 13.

The chassis 12 is installed at a certain distance L ₂ from the overgrowth of plants 14 so that with one installation of the chassis, by transforming the boom 10, a sufficiently large area of the overgrowth of plants can be treated, after which the process is repeated when the chassis is reinstalled 12. The process can be controlled either from the cab chassis 12, or using a handheld remote control.

As the chassis 12 can be applied a crane, hydraulic lift, skidder and other types of vehicles.

Claims (1)

A method of preventing the natural spread of the seeds of the hogweed of Sosnowski and other tall umbrella plants, which consists in separating the umbrellas with seeds from the stem and placing the separated material in the hopper using an air stream, characterized in that a receiving cover is used to separate the umbrellas with seeds and transporting the separated material, the lower part of which blades with cutting edges are installed, creating an upward air flow during rotation, with the skin attached to the upper part of the receiving xa product pipeline connecting the receiving casing with the hopper, while first the receiving casing is placed above the plant, the blades are rotated, and then the receiving casing is moved down to separate the umbrellas with seeds from the stem.

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