RU2626632C1 - Method of mechanical destruction of locusts and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the implementation of the method of mechanical destruction of locusts, the locusts are treated with washed and calibrated quartz sand. The size of the grains is 1 - 1.5 mm. The initial speed of grains is 100 - 200 m/s. The kinetic energy of the grains is 0.1-0.15 J. A device for implementing the method of destruction of locusts includes an off-road vehicle with a platform. There is a sandblaster and a stand fixed on the platform. There is a tip with a sandblaster nozzle fixed on the stand. The tip is fixed to limit change in direction. The mobility of the means for locust destruction increases.

EFFECT: possibility of eco-friendly targeted destruction of locust populations.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the control of pests of crops that form large clusters.

State of the art

A known method for the destruction of locusts on the ground, in places of accumulation, consisting in spraying pesticides from an airplane. See, for example, the site http://indasad.ru/zashchitnye-meropriyatiya/3543-borba-s-saranchoj. The method is quite effective, but environmentally dangerous. Along with the locusts, apiaries die, wild and domestic animals are poisoned. The soil remains infected for a long time, many plants die or slow down their development. The costs of households for pesticides are also high. The weather, such as rain or wind, plays a significant role in this indiscriminate process.

The use of pesticides alone does not give the expected result. To combat these pests, a complex effect is necessary, including, in addition to chemistry, mechanical destruction, prevention of further reproduction, and biological methods.

Mechanical destruction by agrotechnical methods of control, including cultivation, harrowing and peeling, allows you to get rid of only part of the adult individuals, which is almost useless during a mass invasion of pests (see the same site).

A known method of mechanical destruction of an individual locust on the ground by force acting on it, for example, by crushing it with any solid object, such as a sole. The performance of this method is negligible, although it is this method and device for its implementation that are closest to the claimed.

Disclosure of invention

It is known (see, for example, the website http://www.zoodrug.ru/topic1160.html) that locusts lay eggs in moist soil in August - September in the form of a capsule capsule from hardened foamy excreta surrounding a serving of eggs, outside of farmland . The number of egg capsules per 1 m ² sometimes exceeds 2000 pieces.

Eggs usually hibernate, and in the spring larvae emerge from them, outwardly similar to adults, but smaller and without wings. Hatching occurs between early May and early June. The larvae molt five times, and after the final molt they develop wings. This is a quick process, completed within 4-5 days at each station. About 40 days elapse from the emergence of larvae to the formation of locusts “on the wing” - the time that allows using modern detection tools to determine the places of its dislocation (nesting) and prepare for its destruction immediately before the start of flights to new food sources. It is known that the number of locust individuals in nesting sites can reach many millions (up to a billion), and when this army rises into the air and travels 100-150 km during a daylight wind, attacking cultural crops, it will not seem to anyone. Then the destruction of the locust will be equivalent to the destruction of the crop. Therefore, the best way to eliminate locusts would be to destroy it on the ground, while it has not yet risen “to the wing”.

The essence of the method of mechanical destruction consists in the “shooting” of locust masses with “buckshot”. Sifted and washed quartz sand with sufficient kinetic energy, the source of which is a stream of compressed air, is used as the damaging elements. The energy of one quartz sand grains with dimensions of approximately 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, with a specific gravity of quartz of 2.6 g / cm ³ and a speed of approximately 650 km / h (180 m / s) will be approximately 0 , 14 J. This is more than enough even for the defeat of one adult locust weighing 20-25 g, not to mention the growing juveniles. For comparison, the energy of a bullet fired from a modern airgun is approximately 5 J (approximately 36 exceeds the energy of a single grain of sand), capable of seriously injuring a person weighing more than 3,000 times the mass of one locust. Given that 1 kg of quartz sand contains about 10-12 thousand grains of sand, then for the destruction of one million locust individuals, about 100 kg of prepared sand will be required.

A device for implementing the method of exterminating locusts includes an off-road vehicle on a wheeled or tracked track with a platform on which a sandblasting apparatus and a rack are mounted, the tip with a nozzle of a sandblasting device mounted on a rack with the possibility of changing its direction of action in three-dimensional space, for example, using ball joint. Here is the operator of the sandblasting apparatus, there may be a compressor and a supply of sand.

After aerial reconnaissance using unmanned aerial vehicles and locating the growing locusts and assessing their numbers, vehicles equipped with a locust destruction device are put into place. Calculations show that with a nozzle diameter of about 30 mm with an efficiency of 0.1 and an initial particle velocity of about 150 m / s, without taking into account the time required to move the device, it will take no more than 10 minutes to destroy one million locusts, since the density of locust swarms can reach 80,000 larvae / m ² for 1st age and 7,000 larvae / m ² for 5th age (see the same site).

Quartz sand is a natural material, its subsidence on the soil after processing will not harm the soil cover, and due to mechanical agrotechnical influences will mix with it.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 presents a device for the destruction of locusts.

In FIG. 2 shows the attachment of the tip to the rack.

The implementation of the invention

The method of mechanical destruction of locusts on the surface of the earth during the period of its development before “landing on the wing” is carried out by mechanical action on the locusts with washed and calibrated quartz sand (1-1.5) mm, which is given an initial speed of such (100-200) m / s, so that the kinetic energy of each grain of sand, depending on the size and type of this insect, is sufficient (0.1-0.15 J) for its destruction.

A device for implementing the method of exterminating locusts includes a cross-country vehicle 1 with a platform 2 and a sandblasting device 3, while the sandblasting device 3 and the rack 4 are mounted on the platform 2, and the tip 5 with the nozzle 6 is connected by a hose 7 to the sandblasting device 3 and mounted on the rack 2 with the possibility of a limited change in its direction using a ball joint 8.

The method of power destruction of locusts and a device for its implementation works as follows:

Washed and calibrated quartz sand (1-1.5) mm is poured directly into the sandblasting apparatus 3 into the device for carrying out extermination of locusts, then a cross-country vehicle 1 with a platform 2 arrives at the place of high locust concentration before “landing on the wing”. Then, the tip 5 of the sandblasting device 3, mounted on the platform 2 with the help of a ball joint 8, is sent to the locust accumulation, the sandblasting device is turned on and the sand is given the initial velocity of outflow from the nozzle under the influence of compressed air at a given speed at which the kinetic energy of each grain of sand is sufficient ( 0.1-0.15 J) for locust damage. In this case, the tip 5 with the nozzle 6 can change direction to increase the effectiveness of the lesion. At the same time, a vehicle with a working sandblasting machine can move around the locality where locusts live, treating the surface until it is completely destroyed.

The present invention increases the mobility of technical means for the destruction of locusts, enables the "point" destruction of its nests, reduces costs and is the most environmentally friendly among all known methods of combating this pest.

Claims (2)

1. The method of mechanical destruction of locusts on the surface of the earth during its development to the "statement on the wing", characterized in that the destruction is carried out by exposing the locusts to washed and calibrated quartz sand, with sizes of sand grains 1-1.5 mm, which is given an initial speed of 100 -200 m / s, so that the kinetic energy of each grain of sand, depending on the size and type of this insect, is 0.1-0.15 J, which is enough to defeat it. 2. A device for implementing the method of exterminating locusts, including a cross-country vehicle with a platform and a sandblasting device, characterized in that the sandblasting device and the rack are mounted on the platform, and the tip with the nozzle of the sandblasting device is mounted on the rack with the possibility of a limited change in its direction.

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