RU2670134C1 - Method of mechanical destruction of locusts mass and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for the destruction of pests.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to the field of insect control. When performing the method of mechanical destruction of locust mass, act on a flock of locusts with washed and calibrated quartz sand. Kinetic energy of each grain of sand upon impact against an insect is 0.1–0.15 J. Impact energy is provided by free falling of sand at initial zero speed. Device for the destruction of locusts consists of an aircraft with a reserve of quartz sand. Escape of sand from the aircraft is carried out with the help of a vertical blade spreader of sand. Spreader includes a receiving funnel. Funnel is rigidly connected to the guide tube and the longitudinal axis fixed in it with the possibility of its rotation. Blades are rigidly fixed on the axis below the outside of the guide tube.EFFECT: provided possibility to destruct insects in the air.2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the control of pests of crops that form large clusters in flight.

State of the art

The methods and devices for the mechanical destruction of locust masses in flight are not known to the authors.

As a prototype of the proposed method according to the slaughter material used, we can cite the patent for invention No. 2626632 "Method for the mechanical destruction of locusts and a device for its implementation", where the mechanical destruction of locusts is carried out on the surface of the earth during its development before "landing on the wing" by its "execution" washed and calibrated quartz sand with a grain size of 1-1.5 mm, which is given an initial velocity of 100-200 m / s, at which the kinetic energy of the sand becomes about 0.1-0.15 J th for defeating locusts.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to use it to destroy adult locusts in flight (in a flock).

As a general and necessary element of the device for the mechanical destruction of locust masses using quartz sand, a vehicle with a reserve of this sand according to the same patent No. 2626632 should be adopted.

The vehicle used does not allow the destruction of a locust flock in flight.

Disclosure of invention

The proposed method for the mechanical destruction of locust masses and a device for its implementation make it possible to organize the extermination of these insects in the air when an adult locust is organized into millions of flocks and makes multi-kilometer flights.

From the publication Locust and its locomotor capabilities. Locust flights. ”See http://collectedpapers.com.ua> ... the following flight locust flight characteristics are known: average flight height - 500-600 m, maximum - 2000 m; average flight speed - 10-12 km / h, maximum speed with a fair wind reaches 30 km / h; a flock of locusts without landings can cover over 2000 km; the number of insects in a flock can reach one billion; the density of the flock depending on the flight altitude is in the range from 0.001 to 0.1 insects per 1 m ³ (up to one or more than one km above the ground) and from 1 to 10 insects per 1 m ³ (several meters from the ground).

The website http://www.svavia.ru/ttd/ttd15.html has published flight technical characteristics of the most common medium transport helicopter MI-8: ceiling - about 4.7 km, carrying capacity - about 4 tons, cruising speed - 225 km /hour. The helicopter has a hatch in the floor of the cargo compartment.

The helicopter's characteristics in terms of speed and altitude significantly exceed the corresponding locomotor characteristics of the locust flock. If necessary, the helicopter can easily catch up with a flying flock of locusts and can rise much higher than its flight level.

, стр. 50, формула (М 6.26), где h - высота падения, a g=9,8 м/с² - ускорение силы тяжести. Кинетическая энергия падающего тела - W, следуя тому же справочнику стр. 82, определяется выражением W=0,5mν² формула (М 7.25), где m - масса тела в кг. Объединяя обе эти формулы, получим известное выражение кинетической энергии: W=mgh. Удельный вес кварцевого песка определяется близко к величине 2660 кг/м³, что в системе единиц СИ численно отвечает величине удельной массы кварца. Для дальнейших расчетов удобно будет считать песчинку кварцевого песка в форме куба с длиной ребра 1 мм и соответствующей массой m=2,66*10^-6 кг. Величина кинетической энергии этой песчинки свободном падении с высоты 1 м составит: W=mgh=2,66 10^-6 кг * 9,8 м/с²* 1 м=0,26*10^-4 Дж.Let us now evaluate the possibility of mechanical destruction of locusts by quartz sand, discharged from a helicopter from top to bottom on locusts at an initial zero speed. It is known, see, for example, “Handbook of Physics” X. Kuhling, M., Mir, 1985, that the free fall rate of a body ν is determined by the expression

, p. 50, formula (M 6.26), where h is the incidence height, ag = 9.8 m / s ² is the acceleration of gravity. The kinetic energy of the falling body - W, following the same reference page 82, is determined by the expression W = 0.5mν ² formula (M 7.25), where m is the body weight in kg. Combining both of these formulas, we obtain the well-known expression of kinetic energy: W = mgh. The specific gravity of quartz sand is determined close to the value of 2660 kg / m ³ , which in the SI unit system numerically corresponds to the specific gravity of quartz. For further calculations, it will be convenient to consider a sand grain of quartz sand in the form of a cube with an edge length of 1 mm and the corresponding mass m = 2.66 * 10 ^-6 kg. The kinetic energy of this grain of sand free fall from a height of 1 m will be: W = mgh = 2.66 10 ^-6 kg * 9.8 m / s ² * 1 m = 0.26 * 10 ^-4 J.

We will focus on the interval of kinetic energy of 0.1-0.14 J, considering it sufficient to defeat one locust individual (see patent RU No. 2626632). Based on this, and the obtained value of kinetic energy at individual indicators (0.26 * 10 ^-4 J), you can choose the height of its fall at a given size of sand and, conversely, choose the size of a sand at a given height of fall. For example, for medium-sized quartz sand grains (the maximum size of a cube edge is 2.5 mm) and a drop height of 300 m, we obtain the kinetic energy: W = 0.26 * 10 ^-4 j * 2.5 ³ * 300 = 0.12 j, which corresponds to the required energy range for locust damage. Thus, dropping in the required quantities the prepared quartz sand from above onto the swarm of locusts, it is possible to destroy it by mechanical damage. In one cubic meter of washed and calibrated quartz sand, the number of grains of sand with the cube dimensions adopted above is approximately 50-60 million units, the weight of this amount is approximately 1.5 tons, which will be quite enough to destroy a swarm of locusts of several million insects. Variations with changes in the height and size of the sand grains are possible, it is also possible to give the initial rate of sand fall, for example, by supplying compressed air, although the easiest and cheapest way is to let the sand down by gravity with the prerequisite for achieving in all cases the necessary kinetic energy of the “shell” to kill locusts.

Thus, the method of mechanical destruction of locust masses can be defined as the force impact on the locust, its “bombardment” with washed and calibrated quartz sand with the direction of the dynamic action of sand on the locust flock from above as a result of its free fall under the influence of gravity at the initial zero speed.

A device for implementing this method consists of an aircraft, for example, an MI 8 medium transport helicopter, equipped with a supply of quartz sand, the flow of which downward outside the helicopter is carried out using a vertical blade spreader of gravitational sand, mounted in the hatch of the cargo floor of the helicopter, extending beyond the helicopter body and including the receiving funnel, rigidly connected to the guide tube and the longitudinal axis fixed in it, with the possibility of its rotation, equipped th blades rigidly attached to bottom outside the axis of the guide tube.

Quartz sand loaded into the cargo compartment of the helicopter, pouring into the receiving funnel and falling into the guide tube, and then falling onto the blades of the sand spreader, rotates these blades and scatters the sand, which, when the helicopter hangs, forms an expanding “conical stream” of sand, striking when falling from above, the mass of locusts. With the horizontal movement of the helicopter in the air, falling sand during this movement of sand is formed into a “tape” covering the surface of the locust flock.

An air attack on a locust flock is carried out after reconnaissance, determining the coordinates of the locust flock, the direction of flight and estimating its quantity. Sanding down on a locust flock is carried out adjusted for wind and places of absence of people.

It should be noted that the described method and device can be used to destroy locusts on the surface of the earth, including locusts that have not yet become “on the wing”.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of the mechanical destruction of a flight of locusts in flight.

In FIG. 2 shows a spreader circuit with blades.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a fragment of the cargo compartment of a helicopter with containers of sand.

The implementation of the invention

The method of mechanical destruction of locust masses consists in the force impact on a locust flock with washed and calibrated quartz sand with a kinetic energy of 0.1-0.15 J of each grain of sand when impacted by an insect with the direction of the dynamic action of sand on the locust down by gravity under gravity at initial zero speed.

A device for implementing the method of mechanical destruction of locusts 1 includes an aircraft with a supply of quartz sand, for example, a transport helicopter 2 (hereinafter referred to as a helicopter), and the free flow of quartz sand 3 from a helicopter 2 is carried out using a paddle sand spreader 4 (Fig. 1), vertically fixed in the hatch of the cargo floor of a helicopter 2, including a receiving funnel 5, rigidly connected to the guide tube 6 and fixed therein with a longitudinal axis 7, fixed in bearings (not shown) equipped with a blade mi 8, rigidly fixed on the axis 7 below the outside of the guide pipe 4 (Fig. 2).

Sand 3 is placed in containers 9, equipped with gates 10 with the possibility of the outflow of sand 3 from the containers with open gates 10 (dashed) into the receiving funnel 5 (Fig. 3).

The process of destruction of the mass of locusts in its flight from the air is as follows. After aerial (optional) reconnaissance and location of the flying locust flock and direction of movement for its destruction, a helicopter equipped with the equipment described above flies. Upon reaching the flying flock, the helicopter is attached above the flock in its tail at a height corresponding to the particle size distribution of the sand. After aiming, taking into account the action of air flows, the valves of 10 containers 9 with sand 3 open and sand 3 enters the receiving funnel 5 and guide pipe 6. The impact of falling sand on the blades 8 rotates the longitudinal axis 7 together with the blades and spreads the sand falling down . With the free fall of grains of sand under the action of constant gravity, the speed of grains of sand and their kinetic energy increases to the calculated value, when the impact of each grains of sand on locusts leads to its mechanical destruction. It should be noted that the rate of outflow of sand from containers 9 depends on the area of the outlet, that is, on the position of the gates 10 and can be adjusted depending on the power of the flock.

If the flock has landed “to eat”, then the same operation is carried out to “bombard” sand from the air to locusts before its actual destruction (even on crops!).

The method of "bombardment" from above and the device for its implementation can be used to destroy the masses of locusts that have not yet become winged in its nests.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the mechanical destruction of locust masses, including the force acting on a locust flock with washed and calibrated quartz sand with the kinetic energy of each sand grain upon impact of an insect 0.1-0.15 J, characterized by the downward direction of the dynamic action of sand on the locust by free fall under gravity at the initial zero speed. 2. A device for the mechanical destruction of locusts, including a vehicle with a supply of quartz sand, characterized in that the vehicle is an aircraft, such as a transport helicopter, and the free flow of quartz sand from the aircraft is carried out using a paddle sand spreader vertically mounted in the cargo hatch the floor of the helicopter, including the receiving funnel, rigidly connected to the guide tube and fixed in it with a longitudinal axis, made with possible its rotation and equipped with blades rigidly fixed on the axis below the outside of the guide tube.

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