RU2066527C1 - Charge cloud attacking method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural meteorology. SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing crystallizing reagent into charge cloud formation zone detected by radiolocation land surface sounding; simultaneously using aviation facilities to detect feeder clouds getting into ascending flows of charge clouds; attacking feeder clouds by crystallizing reagent from aircraft to transfer liquid drop structure of clouds into crystalline state. EFFECT: increased efficiency in eliminating hailstorm and simulating rain precipitation. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of active effects on hail clouds in order to prevent hail.

There are various methods of active effects on hail clouds using special gas-dynamic guns generating an ionizing shock wave propagating in the atmosphere in the form of an elliptical funnel [1]
A disadvantage of the known methods is low efficiency and a small radius of action of the shock wave.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of active effects on hail clouds by introducing a crystallizing reagent into the zone of precipitation formation, determined by radar sensing from the ground [2]
The known method has one serious drawback, which is that the impact is limited only by the zone of formation of hail precipitation. At the same time, the atmospheric environment surrounding the hail cloud is not taken into account, especially the part that is located along the hail cloud and falls into the upward flow into the zone of precipitation formation. At the same time, as practice shows, in the course of moving the hail cloud at a distance of one hundred or more kilometers at a lower level in height than the hail cloud, so-called feeder clouds are concentrated, which have a fairly high water supply. And these clouds, falling into the ascending currents of a moving hail cloud, are drawn into its upper part, where the hail is formed and constantly feed it. As a result of this replenishment, the hail cloud begins to grow rapidly in size. At the same time, the destructive power of the hail cloud grows, as a result of which the effectiveness of active influences sharply decreases and the damage from hailings increases.

 The aim of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of active effects on hail clouds.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of active actions on hail clouds by introducing a reagent into the hail precipitation formation zone determined by radar sounding from the ground, the hail cloud direction and speed are determined, simultaneously using an airplane at the hail cloud movement rate in its frontal part and feeder clouds are detected from the windward flank, then the direction and speed of their movement is determined, after which those are selected from the given array of feeder clouds which at given speeds and direction of movement fall into the frontal ascending streams of the hail cloud and, acting on their supercooled part with a crystallizing reagent, transfer their small-droplet structure to a crystalline state.

 In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a hail cloud; in FIG. 2 is a cloud view from above.

In the figures, by isolines η ₁ and η ₂ and isotherms of level t ₁ and t ₂ , zone 2 of precipitation formation is identified in the frontal part of cloud 1. Arrow (A) shows the direction of movement of hail cloud 1, and arrows (B) indicate the upward flow in the front of the cloud. The direction of the wind is indicated by arrow (C), and the strip of the underlying surface of the earth 3, above which cloud 1 is moving, is limited by dashed lines 4. Feeder clouds located at the rate of movement of the hail cloud are indicated by 5, and those that fall into the ascending streams of hail clouds 1 at the rate of its movement, limited by lines 6. The aircraft is indicated at 7.

 The method of active influence on hail clouds is implemented as follows.

By radar sensing of the convective cloud 1 (Fig. 1), in it in the frontal part of the canopy of the radio echo, a region of increased radar reflectivity of the corresponding part of zone 2 is defined, limited by threshold levels of radar reflectivity η ₁ = 10 ^-9 cm ^-1 and η ₂ = 10 ^-12 cm ^-1 , and threshold levels of isotherms t ₁ -6 ^o C and t ₂ -12 ^o C in height. Then, crystallizing reagent (AgJ) is introduced into region 2 using anti-hail rockets, which, interacting with the cloud medium, forms a significant number of crystallization centers, which leads to a simultaneous increase in the number of hailstones per unit volume and a decrease in their diameter. Such a hail in the process of its fall, falling into the warm underlying layers of the atmosphere, melts and falls to the ground in the form of rain. At the same time, using an airplane 7 equipped with airborne measuring, monitoring and active means, the feeder clouds 5 with a water content of 0.1 g / m ³ and above that fall into the frontal upward flow (B) are detected at the rate of hail cloud 1 movement (Fig. . 1). Then, using on-board active means (not shown in the figures), a crystallizing reagent is introduced into these clouds, as a result of which full crystallization of a small-drop cloud structure is ensured. Further, feeder clouds with a crystallized structure, falling into the ascending streams (B) of hail cloud 1, are drawn into the hail formation zone. However, due to the fact that the structure of retractable feeder clouds is no longer liquid droplets, but in the form of tiny crystals, it can no longer serve as fuel for the growth of hail in the hail cloud 1. Moreover, particles of feeder cloud crystals falling into the zone of hail formation serve as additional crystallization centers that increase the efficiency of hail control.

The accepted water content of 0.1 g / m ³ is due to the desire to ensure a significant amount of small-droplet liquid structure of feeder clouds in the crystallized state. And the choice of the aircraft method for detecting feeder clouds and the effect on them is due to the fact that existing radar stations do not allow to detect feeder clouds, as well as determine their water content. With the help of an airplane, it seems possible not only to recognize and distinguish these clouds, but also to measure their water content, and also to influence them with the help of airborne means.

 The proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of hail control by eliminating the possibility of feeding the hail cloud with water resources of feeder clouds. The effectiveness of the impact is also increased by increasing the centers of crystallization in the zone of formation of hail precipitation, which occurs when retracting feeder clouds with a pre-crystallized structure into this zone.

Information sources
1. French patent N 2214480, A 01 G 15/00, publ. 08/19/74.

 2. Temporary guidelines for the impact on urban processes. Introduced by order of the State Committee for Hydrometeorology N 229 dated 09/22/1986. M. VNIIGMI WDC, p. 12-21, prototype.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of actively influencing hail clouds by introducing a crystallizing reagent into the hail precipitation formation zone, determined by radar sensing from the ground, characterized in that the direction and speed of the hail cloud are determined simultaneously with the help of an airplane at the rate of hail cloud movement in its frontal part and feeder clouds are distinguished from the windward flank, then the direction and speed of their movement are determined, after which from a given array of feeder clouds those that are selected At current speeds and the direction of movement, they fall into the frontal ascending flows of the hail cloud, and, acting on the supercooled part of these feeder clouds with a crystallizing reagent, they transfer their droplet water to a crystalline state. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the exposure to the reagent is carried out on the feeder clouds with a water supply corresponding to a water content of 0.1 g / m ³ and above.

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