RU2623786C1 - Multi-rail trestle road, revolver unit and method of construction of the road - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: immersion of piles, installation of crossbars, laying of slabs and installation of tracks from rail assemblies is carried out by one turret unit consisting of a body on a railway run and a swing tower, on one side of which there is a device for piling, and on the opposite side there is a manipulator with the gripping device for the installation of crossbars, plates and rail assemblies. The totality of the properties of the turret unit and the multi-rail road, vehicles for the movement of which have the ability of transverse displacement, allow construction to be carried out in a way in which the construction of the next section of the road is made from the edge of the already constructed section and only from it.

EFFECT: condition is created for the construction of a road in a fully automatic mode, there is no need to build auxiliary roads with their subsequent reclamation.

3 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the construction of a multi-rail railway (description: RF patent No. 2439236), in particular to the construction of a double-track multi-rail railway of pile-flyover type, includes the design of the unit for the construction of such a road and the method of its construction.

для движения по такой дороге снабжен механизмом перестановки колесных пар на шаг укладки рельсов в поперечном направлении. Это позволяет рельсовому транспорту совершать объезд, обгон, перестроение на другой путь в любом месте дороги.The multi-rail road (RF patent No. 2439236) consists of track rails and additional rails, all rails are laid in width at the same distance. Transport

for movement on such a road, it is equipped with a mechanism for rearranging wheel sets at the step of laying rails in the transverse direction. This allows rail vehicles to bypass, overtake, change lanes anywhere on the road.

The most famous, unique (built at sea), long (over 300 km) and long-lived (since 1947) system of pile-flyover type roads is a network of roads for motor vehicles at the Oil Rocks oil field in Azerbaijan [1]. The design of such roads consists of piles driven into the ground, laid on piles of transverse beams (crossbars), mounted on crossbars of longitudinal beams or floor slabs, on top of which a pavement is constructed for the movement of road vehicles.

There are options for the construction of roads on stilts and methods for their construction. All of them relate to roads for automobile transport.

A known construction of a highway made of concrete slabs on piles, containing piles immersed in the soil, transverse beams (beams) mounted on pile heads, and slabs laid on the beams [2]. The design of the road solves the problem of building roads on wetlands and permafrost with filling the space between the canvas and the surface of the earth with a damping pad. The disadvantage is the proposed method of construction in the usual way from the surface of the earth.

There is a known method of building a flyover, in which construction equipment during the construction of the next section is located on the edge of the already constructed section or on frames or platforms moved along the course of construction, and building materials are transported along the constructed section of the road [3], [4], [5]. The proposed method allows not to build auxiliary roads with their subsequent reclamation, and during the construction of berthing facilities, this method allows not to use auxiliary boats. In the description [4], such a method is called a “for itself” construction method. The disadvantage of building a way "for themselves" from the above sources is the need to use frames or platforms, and during construction in this way it is proposed to use conventional equipment. A significant drawback of the method of building "for themselves" roads is the impossibility of building an overpass road with a width of 8 meters, which is the most common dimension of a two-way road. This follows from the fact that when transporting building materials along a flyover, vehicles should be able to safely deploy within the width of the flyover for moving in the opposite direction. The turning radius of trucks is at least 7 meters, and for vehicles for transporting plates and piles it is at least 9 meters, which corresponds to a diameter of 18 meters, which, in turn, determines the minimum width of the automobile flyover that can be built using the “for yourself” method ". U-turn and reverse on the overpass are dangerous (prohibited by the rules of the road), therefore, for a safe turn, the width of the road should be much larger than the minimum diameter for a turn of trucks.

Known multi-functional unit for the construction of the road [6]. The disadvantage is that the unit is not suitable for the construction of an overpass road.

Known designs of construction equipment on the railway, having a full-frame frame, used for the construction of flyovers. These are cranes, for example, the PK-TsUMZ-15 crane [7], and pile drivers, for example, the SP-69 rail driver [8]. The disadvantage of this technique is their narrow specialization, designed to perform a single technological operation.

The prototype for the method of construction of the pile-flyover railway was chosen as the method of construction of the berthing facilities on piles [5].

The construction of the flyover [5] consists of piles driven into the ground, mounted on piles of crossbars and laid on slats.

The construction method [5] provides, firstly, the use of a conductor frame on which the equipment for immersion piles is located, and secondly, the use of a heavy crane located on the edge of the constructed part of the flyover and performing several functions: moving the conductor frame to the step of installing the piles installation of piles in a conductor; installation of crossbars and laying of a plate on crossbars. Construction materials are transported along the built-up section of the flyover, and their unloading is carried out by the same crane. The disadvantage of the construction method is the need to use a rearranged frame - a conductor with equipment placed thereon for immersing piles. Another disadvantage of the method of construction of the flyover is the use of a crane for unloading and installation of plates and crossbars, because the use of a crane limits the degree of automation of construction and presupposes the obligatory presence of people (slingers) for securing, orienting and assembling heavy loads located on a flyover (at a height) and in close proximity to working equipment and moving loads, which can lead to an accident. The third disadvantage of the proposed method is the unresolved problem of returning over the overpass transport, bringing piles and floor slabs. If during the construction of the overpass it is assumed that the vehicle will reverse, then the overpass during construction in this way cannot be long and, as a result, the method is not suitable for the construction of long overpass roads.

The prototype for the revolving unit was the design of a pile driving device for driving piles [9], operating from a railway platform with movement along the railway track of a general purpose railway. The device has a self-propelled chassis, a swing frame with a cab for the operator. A copra mast with mechanisms for its extension and orientation is mounted on the frame in front of the cab. On the other side of the frame is a counterweight. The disadvantage of this device is that it is designed to perform a single operation of driving piles.

The invention is directed to the implementation of the construction of double-track multi-rail railways of pile-flyover type in a way in which the construction of the next section is built from already built and only from it (the construction method is "for yourself"), and mainly in automatic mode.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the construction of an overpass road on piles consists of piles immersed in the ground, mounted on piles of transverse crossbars, laid on crossbars of plates and fixed to the tracks of rails of a double-track railroad track. The plates have dimensions and mass, allowing them to be transported to the construction site along the constructed road section with the possibility of traveling with oncoming transport. On plates and crossbars there are structural elements for their capture by the manipulator. The railway is a multi-rail railway [10] and it is composed of sections (rail assemblies) pre-assembled on the frame (substrate), the length of which is equal to the step of the construction of the flyover, and the sections have structural elements for their capture by the manipulator.

Additionally, the technical result is achieved by the fact that for the construction of the road, an aggregate (revolving unit) is used, moving along the railway, having a body on railway wheels with retractable stops, a swing-support circle with a frame mounted on it, on one side of which there is a device for piling (for example, a pile driver) with a device for holding piles and mechanisms of orientation and extension, characterized in that the rotary frame is made in the form of a tower; on the tower, on the opposite side of the copra, a manipulator is installed for gripping, lifting (unloading) and mounting plates, crossbars and rail assemblies; on free places of the tower (by analogy with the location of the tool on revolving machine tools), equipment was installed to perform operations such as welding, cutting piles, sealing, stone crushing, excavation, measuring operations and others.

In addition, the technical result is achieved by the road construction method, in which the construction of the next section is carried out from the edge of the already constructed section, the construction components are transported along the constructed section, characterized in that the piles are immersed, the crossbars are installed, the slabs are laid and the multi-rail track is installed with one revolving unit and for the delivery of building components used vehicles with a mechanism for lateral movement on a multi-rail th road [10]. The degree of automation of road construction is determined by the degree of automation of control of the actuators of the revolving unit, vehicles and their interaction.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

Figure 1 - General view of the road with rectangular plates;

Figure 2 - General view of the road with slabs of square shape;

Figure 3 is a view of a revolving unit on a multi-rail flyover;

Figure 4 - view of the revolving unit at the stage of installation of piles in the pile driver;

Figure 5 - view of the revolving unit at the stage of immersion piles;

Figure 6 - view of the revolving unit at the stage of capture of the crossbar;

Figure 7 - view of the revolving unit at the stage of installation of the crossbar;

Figure 8 is a view of a revolving unit at the stage of capture plate;

Figure 9 is a view of a revolving unit at the stage of laying the slab;

Figure 10 is a view of a revolving unit at the stage of gripping the rail assembly;

Figure 11 - view of the revolving unit at the stage of installation of the rail assembly;

Figure 12 - view of the road at the stage of construction of aprons indicating the directions of movement of the vehicle supplying the construction site;

Figure 13 is a view of the turret of a revolving unit with mounted manipulators to perform intermediate operations;

сторона прямоугольной плиты равна S, а меньшая сторона равна S/2. На ригелях (4), бетонных плитах (5) и (8), и рельсовых сборках (6) вокруг их центров тяжести выполнены отверстия для возможности захвата их манипулятором. Выбор размера плиты определяется возможностями производителя плит, ее весом и грузоподъемными характеристиками строительной техники. Количество свай зависит от проектной нагрузки на дорогу и несущей способности сваи, которая, в свою очередь, зависит от диаметра сваи, глубины погружения и характеристики грунта. Шаг строительства дороги на фигурах 1 и 2 равен половине проектной ширины эстакады, т.е. равен S/2.The figure 1 shows an example of the design of a double-track multi-rail flyover type on piles (1). The road consists of piles driven into the ground with a surface relief (2) (3), mounted on piles of crossbars (4), laid on crossbars of rectangular reinforced concrete slabs (5), mounted on top of rail assembly plates (6), of which the multi-rail track is composed (7) with two paths for movement. The rail assembly (6) consists of a base and all rails of a road section fixed on it. Figure 2 shows a similar construction of a flyover type rail with the difference that the concrete slabs (8) are square in shape. The width of the slabs is chosen equal to half the width of the flyover. If the design width of the flyover is S, then the side of the square plate is S / 2, and the length of the rail assembly is also S / 2.

the side of the rectangular slab is S, and the smaller side is S / 2. On the crossbars (4), concrete slabs (5) and (8), and rail assemblies (6), holes were made around their centers of gravity to be gripped by the manipulator. The choice of plate size is determined by the capabilities of the plate manufacturer, its weight and lifting characteristics of construction equipment. The number of piles depends on the design load on the road and the bearing capacity of the pile, which, in turn, depends on the diameter of the pile, the depth of immersion and soil characteristics. The road construction step in figures 1 and 2 is equal to half the design width of the flyover, i.e. equal to S / 2.

The figure 3 shows an example of the design of a revolving unit, consisting of a body (9) on a railway track, a cylindrical tower (10) with the possibility of complete rotation, the beam (11) with the ability to move along the diameter of the tower. On the beam (11), a pile driver is installed, consisting of a mast of the pile driver (12) with the possibility of vertical movement in the support of the pile driver (13), a gripping device (14) for holding piles (3), a hammer (15) and a mast orientation mechanism (16) ) On the other side of the tower, a manipulator is mounted, consisting of a support column (17) with deflecting hydraulic cylinders (18), boom (19) with a lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinder (20), a hydraulic motor (21), on the rotor of which a swing (22) is rotatable around the axis of the suspension, the hydraulic motor (23) of the rotary base of the grippers (24) for gripping and holding the plate (5) and other components of the road structure. The unit moves along the external rail lines of the multi-rail road (7), while working it relies on jacks (25). On the tower of the unit there are places (26) for fastening equipment (manipulators) for intermediate technological operations.

The operation of the revolving unit is illustrated by the example of a road construction method in which it is used for dipping (driving) piles, installing crossbars, laying concrete slabs and laying rail assemblies.

The figure 4 shows the position of the turret at the stage of delivery to the construction site of piles. At this stage, the revolving unit is located on the edge of the built-up section of the road, and the tower (10) is turned by the mast of the copra (12) in the direction of the vehicle (27) that delivers the piles. The pile is lifted (3), and by rotating the tower (10) and the beam (11), the axes of the pile (3) and the hammer (15) are combined, followed by the fixing of the pile (3) in the grips (14) of the coping device. The figure 5 shows the position of the revolving unit at the stage of immersion piles. After transferring the piles to the pile driver, the tower (10) rotates towards the road section under construction. By coordinated movements of the tower (10) and beam (11), the pile (3) is placed on the vertical of driving, and by lowering the mast (12), the pile (3) is installed at the driving point, after which the pile is immersed in the ground. So all the piles are hammered for the construction of the next section of the road.

The figure 6 shows the position of the revolving unit at the stage of delivery of the crossbars. At this stage, the manipulator rotates in the direction of the vehicle (28) with crossbars (4) and with the coordinated movements of the tower (10), support stand (17), boom (19), rotation of the hydraulic motor (21), swing (22), base (23 ) the grips of the manipulator (24) are combined with the holes in the crossbar, after which it grabs and rises. The figure 7 shows the position of the revolving unit at the stage of installation of the crossbar on piles. After the crossbar captures the manipulator by turning the tower, the crossbar with the crossbar unfolds towards the construction of the site and the crossbar (4) is installed on the heads of previously driven piles (3).

The figure 8 shows the position of the revolving unit at the stage of delivery of the plate (5) to cover the spans. The sequence of actions for capturing the plate and lifting it with the manipulator coincides with the actions for capturing and raising the crossbar. For driving with oncoming transport on the transport device (29), the plate (5) is placed at an angle to the horizontal plane. The figure 9 shows the position of the revolving unit at the stage of installation of the plate on the crossbars. The sequence of actions for installing the plate (5) on the crossbars (4) coincides with the sequence of actions when installing the crossbar on the pile heads.

The figure 10 shows the position of the turret unit at the stage of delivery of the rail assembly (6) to the construction site. The rail assembly is located on the vehicle (30) at an angle to the horizontal surface for traveling with oncoming vehicles. The sequence of actions for capturing and raising the rail assembly by the manipulator coincides with the actions for capturing and raising the rail. The figure 11 shows the position of the turret at the stage of installation of the rail assembly (6). The sequence of actions for mounting the rail assembly coincide with the sequence of actions for installing the crossbar on piles. The rail assembly (6) is laid in continuation of the assembled rail web (7) of the multi-rail.

After mounting the rail assembly, the revolving unit is moved by the size of the constructed section and all the stages of construction are repeated.

The figure 12 shows the stage of construction of the site for boarding and disembarking passengers (apron) using square-shaped plates. Pile driving, installation of crossbars and laying of plates for the construction of the apron is carried out by the same revolving unit as the construction of the road. Arrows indicate the movement of vehicles for the delivery of building components. Transport, bringing the components for the construction of the road, after unloading by a transverse movement moves to the second path and returns for new parts. Such movement is possible due to the design of the multi-rail road and the construction of the vehicle equipped with a transverse movement mechanism (see [10]).

The figure 13 shows a view of the turret (10) of the revolving unit with manipulators located on it to perform intermediate and related operations. To trim the piles, a manipulator with a circular saw (31) can be installed; for welding structural elements - welding manipulator (32); for clearing the place of installation of piles - a manipulator with a jackhammer (33); to control the position of road construction elements - a manipulator with a measuring probe (31).

Bibliography.

1. Mir-Babaev M.F. Oil Stones - a phenomenon of the Caspian Sea (on the 60th anniversary of the opening of a new page in the world history of oil production) - "Azerbaijan Oil Industry", 2009, No. 11, p. 79-85.

2. Utility model RU 88359 U1; ЕСС 9/00; Е01С 3/00; priority 10.07.2009; "Pile-flyover road construction."

3. The invention of RU 2181396 C1; E01C 1/00, E01D 1/00, E01D 21/00, E01D 21/06; priority 09.07.2001; "Method and installation for the construction of high-speed road and high-speed road."

4. The invention of RU 2453650 C1; E01C 5/08; priority 10/19/2010; "Complex construction of roads on stilts."

5. Utility model RU 41032 U1; ЕОВВ 1/00, ЕВВ 3/06, Е02В 17/00; priority 06/11/2004; "Technological complex for the construction of hydraulic structures", (prototype for the method of construction).

6. The invention of RU 2485241 C1; ЕСС 19/52; priority 05.12.2011; "Multifunctional self-propelled road unit, road plate and method of road construction."

7. Muzhichkov V.I. "Cranes on the railway." Textbook for technical schools of railway transport, ed. Transport, 1978

8. Vladimirsky S.R. "Mechanization of the construction of bridges." Textbook, ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of DNA, 2005 - 152 p.

9. The invention of RU 2101419 C1; E02D 7/02; 06/08/1993; “Pile driving device when laying the foundation of supports” (prototype for a revolving unit).

10. The invention of RU 2439236 C2; ЕВВ 2/00; B61B 1/00; priority 04/30/2009; "Multi-rail and transverse train."

Claims (3)

1. A unit for the construction of trestle railways, consisting of a body on wheels for driving on rails mounted on a body through a slewing ring of a frame placed on the frame of the device for immersing piles with vertical orientation mechanisms of the pile, a mechanism for changing the position of the pile from the axis of rotation the frame, the mechanism for lowering the piles to the dive point, with a grip to hold the piles in the immersion device, characterized in that on the frame, as opposed to the device for immersing piles, is a manipulator with a gripping device Twom for gripping, lifting, holding and orienting crossbars, floor slabs and rail assemblies included in the construction of a pile-flyover rail. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame on the turntable is made in the form of a cylindrical tower, in the free places of which equipment is installed to perform intermediate and related road construction operations. 3. A method of constructing a pile-overpass multi-rail road, consisting of immersing piles in the ground, as well as installing crossbars on piles, laying floor slabs on the crossbars, compiling and installing the rail track from rail assemblies, characterized in that the piling is dipping, installing the crossbars on piles , laying plates on the crossbars, the preparation and installation of the rail track from the rail assemblies is carried out by the unit according to claim 1.

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