RU2623737C1 - System of watering vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: system of watering vertical gardens includes a bearing structure and modules for accommodating plants, located under one another. The body of modules contains a bottom with an opening for draining excess moisture in it. A hygroscopic material is laid on the module bottom. Watering is carried out by means of entering water in the uppermost module row of the section from above, then it is distributed over the hygroscopic material and through the drainage opening descends into the lower row of modules. Said cycle is repeated until the water reaches the reservoir with water located near the structure base. The hygroscopic material is arranged at an angle of 91-179° from the vertical, perpendicular or at an angle to the central axis of the root ball of a plant. The drain opening is located so that after stopping the supply of water its free surplus leaves the root area. In the second version of the watering system implementation, the hygroscopic material is lowered into the accumulating cavity with one of its sides.

EFFECT: improving the watering quality.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of floriculture and can be used for growing plants both indoors and outdoors, in particular when decorating vertical surfaces.

The prior art design of a wall flower garden and a method for its manufacture (RU 2576058, publ. 02.27.2016), in which the design of a wall flower garden contains a pot for planting, are known. The pot has many through holes for the passage of water, made in its lower surface and side surface. The root part of the plants is covered with a permeable material, which allows water to penetrate. The box body has an open upper surface and an inclined part for accommodating a plurality of plant pots, a water collecting part for collecting water from a lower end of the inclined part, and a drain opening for discharging water that has not been collected in the water collecting part. The method of forming a wall flower bed is characterized in that the root part of the plant is covered with a water-permeable material, plants coated with a water-permeable material are inserted into a plant pot, a plurality of pots of plants are installed in a box-shaped body that has an open upper surface and an inclined part for accommodating a plurality of pots of plants , a catchment portion configured to collect water from the lower end of the inclined portion and having a recessed portion, and a drain hole for discharge and water that is not collected in the drainage part, while the box-shaped case has many insert holes for attaching to the wall surface of buildings, architectural structures, horizontally connecting to other box-shaped cases or for connecting to an external frame case, which allows many box-shaped installations the case vertically in several rows using fasteners made on the left and right sides. The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the manufacture and planting of plants. With this method of irrigation, water, before entering the drainage tray and going to the next lower level, washes the root ball, which is in a permeable material, and forcibly moisturizes it, which can lead to waterlogging and death of the plant.

Also known is a phytomodule for growing plants and landscaping vertical surfaces (RU 148569, publ. 10.12.2014), made in the form of a vertical panel made of plastic and mounted on the wall of a room or building or on any vertical structure, and also containing a nutrient solution supply system or water, characterized in that the panel is made in the form of at least two non-leaking pallets, placed one below the other and having a transverse angle of inclination, moreover, in each tray, except the lower one, it is made drain hole or cutout in the tray wall. The disadvantages of this technical solution are: rolling of the upper soil layer due to the transverse inclination of the pallet tray, which makes it impossible to use the phytomodule indoors, as it leads to contamination of the floor surface with soil; when growing plants in the soil during irrigation, the liquid drains from the soil surface due to the transverse inclination of the pallet tray, thereby not ensuring proper watering and leading to floor contamination; When growing plants in pots in trays, a zone with standing water is formed, which leads to waterlogging and rotting of the roots.

Known phytomodule for planting and vertical gardening (RU 156472 U1, publ. 10.11.2015) containing a supporting structure made of moisture-resistant material, made with the possibility of fixing its rear wall on a vertical surface, according to the claimed technical solution, the supporting structure is made in the form at least two inclined, with respect to the rear wall, shelves placed one above the other with the formation of cavities for collecting drainage water, each cavity being configured to Wick watering. Moreover, each shelf can be equipped with a drain hole located to ensure the maximum level of drainage fluid accumulated in the cavity. The phytomodule may further comprise a supply system configured to supply fluid to the cavity. The disadvantages of this technical solution are the large initial size of the phytomodule, greatly limiting the actual application in the interior, individual wick watering, which increases the complexity of planting, and the large amount of stored water, leading to increased wall loads.

The task to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of irrigation.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed system of irrigation of vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material includes a supporting structure and modules for placing plants located under each other, while the module housing contains a bottom with a hole for draining excess moisture in it, to the bottom of the module hygroscopic material is retained that retains moisture for plant nutrition, while watering is carried out by entering the top row of modules in the section at the top in the section, then distributed according to hygroscopic material and through the drain hole descends into the downstream row of modules, this cycle is repeated until the water reaches the water tank located at the base of the structure, while the hygroscopic material is located at an angle of 91-179 degrees from the vertical, perpendicular or at an angle to the central axis the root coma of the plant, thereby achieving a free flow of water during irrigation and reliable contact of the root coma with hygroscopic material, the drain hole is located so that after the water supply ceases to be free nye excess went from the root zone, i.e. the water mirror was below the roots of the plant, soil, this protects the plant from rot and fungal diseases and allows the roots to breathe.

The technical result provided by the given set of signs is uniform moistening of the root coma of plants without its overmoistening and drying out (with timely watering), due to which there are no fungal diseases, proper aeration of the roots is ensured, and plants develop actively and have a beautiful decorative look.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - irrigation system of vertical gardens;

in FIG. 2 - embodiment of the modules.

A modular device for vertical or inclined placement of plants consists of a supporting structure and modules for placing plants, the bottom of the module has an opening for draining excess moisture, and a hygroscopic material that holds moisture to keep the plants moist is placed on the bottom of the module. The module can be located at an angle of 91-179 degrees to the vertical, and can be mounted either directly to the wall, or to an arm, or to a metal rail. The module can be performed both on one plant, and on any other number of plants. The hygroscopic material is located at an angle of 91-179 degrees from the vertical, perpendicular or at an angle to the central axis of the root coma of the plant, thereby achieving a free flow of water during irrigation and reliable contact of the root coma with hygroscopic material. The hygroscopic material can be coated with a microporous film to protect it from root sprouting and prevent the development of green algae.

It is possible to design a module with a storage cavity for water at the bottom, while the hygroscopic material of one of its sides is lowered into the storage cavity so that water can be completely taken out from there during capillary irrigation. The storage cavity is below the level of the root coma of plants - this eliminates the forced watering of the plant and the problems associated with this when “filling” the plant.

The drain hole of the module is positioned so that after the water supply ceases, its free surplus leaves the root zone, i.e. the water mirror was below the roots of the plant, soil, this protects the plant from rot and fungal diseases, allows the roots to breathe.

Watering is as follows. Water from the tank, using a pump, either directly from the main water supply system or by manual irrigation, enters the top row of modules in the section above, and, if necessary, into the intermediate module in height, if the height of the section requires it, then it is distributed over hygroscopic material and through drain (drainage) hole descends into the downstream row of modules. The cycle is repeated until the water reaches the water tank located at the base of the structure. After watering ceases, the plants begin to absorb water from the hygroscopic material until the material dries.

If there is a storage cavity in the module, after distribution through the hygroscopic material, it first enters the storage cavity, from where it reaches a lower row of modules when the set level is reached through the drain hole. Direct watering of plants in the module is carried out as follows: water, having fallen onto hygroscopic material, is absorbed by it until it is completely saturated, when the moisture capacity of this material is exhausted, excess water due to the tilt of the module begins to move into the zone of the storage cavity. After the irrigation ceases, the plants begin to absorb water from the hygroscopic material, its humidity decreases and due to capillary forces, water begins to flow from the storage cavity into the water flow zone, i.e. into the zone of plant roots. This process continues until the water in the storage cavity has dried up and the absorbent material has dried. At the next watering process begins anew.

Water can be supplied according to one of three algorithms:

1) water is supplied until it reaches the lower rows;

2) the water is turned off a little earlier than in the first case, with the expectation that the surpluses formed on each tier due to the excess of the dynamic water level over the static level during irrigation fill the lower rows;

3) water is supplied for a longer time than it needs to reach the lower tiers - for impregnation of all root lumps of plants, if they have been without water for a long time.

This method of irrigation allows to ensure uniform hydration of the root coma of plants without its overmoistening and drying out (with timely watering), excellent aeration of the roots, as there are no zones of stagnation of water and there is a possibility for air flow. The plants themselves take as much water as they need. Due to this, there are no fungal diseases, proper aeration of the roots is ensured, and plants develop actively and have a beautiful decorative look.

Claims (4)

1. An irrigation system for vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material, including a supporting structure and modules for plant placement, located one under the other, while the module housing contains a bottom with an opening for draining excess moisture in it, characterized in that the absorbent is laid on the bottom of the module moisture retaining material for plant nutrition, while watering is carried out by entering the top row of modules at the top in the section, and also, if necessary, into a module intermediate in height, if high This section requires it, then it is distributed over the hygroscopic material, and then through the drain hole it goes down to the downstream row of modules, this cycle is repeated until the water reaches the water tank located at the base of the structure, while the hygroscopic material is located at an angle of 91-179 degrees from the vertical, perpendicular or at an angle to the central axis of the root coma of the plant, thereby achieving a free flow of water during irrigation and reliable contact of the root coma with hygroscopic material, a drain opening It is located so that, after the water supply ceases, its free surplus leaves the root zone, i.e. the water mirror was below the roots of the plant, soil, this protects the plant from rot and fungal diseases and allows the roots to breathe. 2. The irrigation system of vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material, comprising a supporting structure and modules for plant placement, located one under the other, while the module housing contains a bottom with a hole made therein for draining excess moisture, characterized in that the module bottom contains a storage cavity for water, and at the bottom of the module is placed a hygroscopic material that retains moisture for plant nutrition, while watering is carried out by entering the top row of modules in the section at the top, as well as to the intermediate intermediate height module, if the section height requires it, then it is distributed over the hygroscopic material and enters the storage cavity, from where, when the specified level is reached, it goes down through the drain hole to the downstream row of modules, this cycle is repeated until the water reaches the reservoir with water at the base of the structure, while the hygroscopic material is located at an angle of 91-179 degrees from the vertical, perpendicular or at an angle to the central axis of the root coma of the plant, The free flow of water during irrigation and reliable contact of the root coma with the hygroscopic material are achieved, the hygroscopic material of one of its sides is lowered into the storage cavity so that water can be completely removed from it during capillary irrigation, the storage cavity is below the level of the plant root coma, which eliminates forced watering the plant and the problems associated with this when filling the plant, and the drain hole is located so that after the water supply ceases, its free surplus leaves root zones, i.e. the water mirror was below the roots of the plant, soil, this protects the plant from rot and fungal diseases and allows the roots to breathe. 3. The irrigation system of vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hygroscopic material can be coated with a microporous film to protect it from root sprouting and prevent the development of green algae. 4. The irrigation system of vertical gardens based on hygroscopic material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water for irrigation comes either from the tank using a pump, or from a main water supply, or by manual irrigation.

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