RU2621737C1 - Method for determining soil nutrition area of melons and gourds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves determining the area occupied by plants sown by the hexagonal pattern. The effective nutrition radius of melon and gourd plants is preliminary determined. Thereinafter the volume of the soil nutrition area is determined, which is the product of the area occupied by the plant and the penetration depth of the roots. The volume is determined by the volume of the cylinder with the base in the form of a circle, and the area occupied by the plant is determined by the area of the circle inscribed in the regular hexagon, obtained by joining the midpoints of the faces of the hexagon formed by joining the middle segments of distances to the nearest six plants and being the base of the cylinder. The depth of penetration of the roots of melons and gourds is determined by a segment drawn perpendicularly from any point of the circle down to the depth of 0.35 m and being the height of the cylinder.

EFFECT: method allows to determine the soil nutrition area of melons and gourds.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to determine the dose of fertilizer, the choice of the soil treatment system and other mechanical influences when cultivating pumpkins, depending on the specific soil and climatic conditions.

It is known that the volume of soil nutrition of a plantation is determined by the value of the root reachable soil horizon and represents the product of the planting area by the depth of root penetration (http://www.activestudy.info/obem-pochvennogo-prostranstva-zanimaemogo-kornevoj-sistemoj-dereva/).

For the prototype, a method was chosen for determining the size of the planting soil space (V _us ), which is determined by the root reach of the soil horizon and is calculated by the formula: V _us = S _us ⋅H _us , where S _us is the area occupied by the plantation; _We are the depth of root penetration, (Kalinin M.I. Root studies. M., 1991) (http://www.derev-grad.ru/pochvovedenie/ploschad-pitaniya-rastenii.html).

A significant disadvantage of this method is the inability to link the data to the selection and justification of the technology of cultivation of melons.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the development of a method for determining the zone of soil nutrition relative to the technology of cultivation of melons.

EFFECT: determination of the soil nutrition zone of melons cultivated according to the hexagonal pattern.

The specified technical result is achieved by the method of determining the soil nutrition zone of gourds, including determining the volume, which is the product of the area occupied by the plant, and the penetration depth of the roots, in which gourds are used as plants, which are sown according to the hexagonal pattern, the volume is determined by the volume of the cylinder with the base in in the form of a circle, the area occupied by the plant is determined by the area of the circle inscribed in the regular hexagon obtained by connecting the midpoints of the faces of the hexagon If the depth of penetration of the roots of melons is determined by a segment drawn perpendicularly from any point of the circle down to a depth of 0.35 m and which is the height of the cylinder, formed by connecting the middle segments of the distances to the nearest six plants and being the base of the cylinder.

The essential features affecting the achievement of the specified technical result are:

- the use of gourds as plants that are sown according to the hexagonal pattern;

- definition of volume in the form of the volume of the cylinder with the base in the form of a circle;

- determination of the area occupied by the plant, in the form of the area of a circle inscribed in a regular hexagon, obtained by connecting the midpoints of the faces of the hexagon formed by connecting the middle segments of the distances to the nearest six plants and which is the base of the cylinder;

- determination of the penetration depth of the roots in the form of a segment drawn perpendicularly from any point of the circle perpendicularly down to a depth of 0.35 m and which is the height of the cylinder.

The definition of volume in the form of cylinder volume is due to the fact that the root system of gourds, with some tolerance, repeats this geometric figure. Changing the depth of root penetration is not advisable, since its increase leads to excessive fertilizer application, and its decrease leads to a lack of nutrition.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plant layout and a method for constructing a regular hexagon.

In FIG. 2 shows a formed prism, a section of the soil.

The method for determining the zone of soil nutrition of gourds is implemented as follows.

Previously, the effective radius R (b / 2) of the nutrition of plants of melons and gourds was determined, and then the actual volume of nutrition of plants for real crops was determined taking into account the found effective nutrition radii and the depth of distribution of the root system. In the experiments performed at different distances between plants (within 0.5-3.0 m), the distance was determined at which the main pumpkin quality indicators according to GOST 7975-68 (appearance and size according to the largest transverse diameter) corresponded to the maximum values. Experiments were conducted with hexagonal placement of plants in the crop. This placement was formed as follows. The distance between each neighboring plant was b, the distance between each adjacent row was 0.85b (a coefficient of 0.85 is a constant value between rows in a hexagonal seeding system). In row 1 adjacent to row 1, each plant was also located at a distance b from the previous one, but here each plant was located opposite the middle of the gap between the plants in row 1, i.e. row 2 is shifted by a distance of 0.5b in the direction of the rows. As a result, the plants in the sowing were placed uniformly as follows: one plant in the corners of the regular hexagon and in the center (hexagonal sowing pattern). Thus, each plant had six neighboring ones located at the vertices of a regular hexagon, in the center of which the given plant. They were located at the same distance b from the given plant and from each other.

The soil nutrition zone of the plant was presented in the form of a cylinder, which repeats the root system of the plant.

The soil nutrition zone was determined by the volume of the cylinder with the base in the form of a circle, the area occupied by the plant was determined by the area of the circle inscribed in the regular hexagon obtained by connecting the midpoints of the faces of the hexagon formed by connecting the middle segments of the distances to the nearest six plants and being the base of the cylinder, the depth of penetration of the roots gourds were determined by a segment drawn perpendicularly from any point of the circle down to a depth of 0.35 m and which is the height of the cylinder.

The depth of 0.35 m was justified by the content of up to 95% of the root system of the pumpkin plant at a given depth, and the distance between plants b was chosen experimentally for each gourd. The determination of the soil nutrition zone made it possible to determine the necessary depth of cultivation, depth and quantity of fertilizer application.

At the same time, between the zones of soil nutrition of plants there is an unused area necessary for maintaining soil fertility for subsequent crops, given the ability of melons to sharply reduce the amount of nutrients.

Thus, the claimed method allows to determine the zone of soil nutrition of melons cultivated according to the hexagonal pattern.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the soil nutrition zone of gourds, including determining the area occupied by plants sown according to the hexagonal pattern, characterized in that the effective radius of nutrition of plants of gourds is preliminarily determined, then the volume of the soil nutrition zone, which is the product of the area occupied by the plant, and the penetration depth are determined roots, while the volume is determined by the volume of the cylinder with the base in the form of a circle, and the area occupied by the plant is determined by the area of the circle inscribed in the correct pentagon obtained by connecting midpoints of sides of a hexagon formed by adding the midpoint of the distance to the nearest six plants and which cylinder base and the depth of penetration of the roots of melons is determined line segment drawn perpendicular to any point range down to a depth of 0.35 m and a height being a cylinder.

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