RU2610702C1 - Method of sowing seeds of leguminous crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes formation in the soil of parallel grooves 1, placement of seeds in them 2, their subsequent covering with the soil layer, and compacting. The spacing of the pitch between the seeds in each groove must be 0.8-1.0 diameter of the crown 3 of the plants in the phase of full development. The grooves are located with the alternate spacing. The spacing a between three closely located grooves is 0.866 of the pitch spacing l between the seeds in the groove. The spacing b between the remote grooves is 3-5 times greater than the spacing between the closely located grooves. The plant seeds in the middle of three closely located grooves are placed with the shift with respect to the seeds of neighboring grooves by the half of the longitudinal pitch. In addition, each of the four closely located seeds of three adjacent grooves in the plan are the tops of the rhombus.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve crop yields by providing the plant roots with sufficient nutrition areas, and the plant crowns - with favorable lighting conditions and continued possibilities of loosening the soil and removing weeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for sowing seeds of legumes and other crops.

A known method of sowing seeds, including the formation of parallel grooves with established distances between them, laying in them a discrete amount of seeds with their subsequent cover with a soil layer, characterized in that the laying of seeds in the grooves is carried out by synchronously changing the number of seeds supplied to the grooves and the distances between them ( patent RU No. 2120205, IPC A01C 7/00, publ. 20.10.1998).

The disadvantage of this method is the decrease in crop yield due to inhibition of neighboring plants when they are close to each other due to sowing of seeds in predetermined portions.

There is also known a method of sowing soybeans, including wide-row cross-sowing and cross-row cultivation with leaving rows of plants in the center of intersection, characterized in that the sowing, depending on the variety, is carried out according to the scheme 45 × 45 cm, or 60 × 60 cm, or 70 × 70 see, and in the center of row intersection and on the sides at a distance of 10-12 cm leave a given number of plants: on crops according to the scheme of 45 × 45 cm - 10-12 plants, according to the scheme 60 × 60 cm - 17-20 plants, according to scheme 70 × 70 cm - 20-25 plants, for which 1 pog. m row sow the estimated number of germinating seeds (patent RU No. 2187922, IPC A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02, publ. 08/27/2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the decrease in crop yield due to inhibition of neighboring plants when they are crowded in the centers of intersection of rows.

There is also a known method of sowing grain crops, including cross-band spread sowing of seeds with loosening the soil to a depth of sowing over the entire working width, characterized in that continuous sowing of seeds is carried out through a strip with intermittent sowing of seeds on sections of a strip 22.5-30 cm long with non-sowing gaps the same length within a given general norm of sowing seeds, and the width of the space between continuously sown strips Lн = (2 × lm-lp)> 30 cm, and the width of the gap between adjacent strips lс = (lm-lп)> 22.5 / 2 where lm is the row spacing; lp - bandwidth (patent RU No. 2556303 IPC A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02, publ. 07/10/2015).

The disadvantage of this method of sowing is considered to be a decrease in crop productivity due to the lack of proper nutrition sites for each plant.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of sowing seeds and fertilizing, including the formation of parallel grooves, laying in them separately formed streams of seeds and fertilizers with their subsequent covering with a layer of soil, characterized in that the laying of seeds and fertilizers is carried out in common grooves in alternating stripe order segments, and the row spacing is determined depending on the rate of application of the material in the soil (patent RU No. 2103858 IPC АСС 7/00, publ. 02/10/1998).

The disadvantage of this method is the decrease in crop yield due to crowding of plants in the strip.

The aim of the invention is to increase crop yields by creating favorable conditions for plants nutrition and growth.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method, the formation of parallel grooves in the soil, the arrangement of seeds in them, their subsequent cover with a layer of soil and rolling, the seeds in each groove are arranged with the same pitch, the distance of which is 0.8 ... 1.0 the diameter of the crown of plants in the phase of full development, the grooves are arranged with an alternating distance, while the distance between three closely spaced grooves should be 0.866 from the step distance between the seeds in the groove, and the distance between the removed grooves should be 3 ... 5 times greater than the distance between closely spaced grooves, and the seeds of plants in the middle of the three closely spaced grooves are shifted relative to the seeds in the neighboring extreme of the three grooves by half a longitudinal step, with every four the nearby seeds of three neighboring grooves in plan represent the tops of the rhombus.

According to reports, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

According to the authors, the essence of the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since the aforementioned influence on the obtained technical result and the totality of features that distinguish the claimed invention from a close analogue is not revealed from it, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion " inventive step ".

The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention, in principle, can be reused when sowing agricultural crops. Thus, we can conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The proposed method of sowing legumes is as follows.

When sowing, parallel grooves are formed in the soil, seeds are arranged in them, then they are covered with a layer of soil and rolled down. The step distance between the seeds in each groove should be 0.8 ... 1.0 of the diameter of the crown of plants in the phase of full development, while in this phase the crowns of neighboring plants will touch or overlap each other. The grooves should be arranged with alternating distance, while the distance between three closely spaced grooves should be 0.866 of the step distance between the seeds in the groove, and the distance between the removed grooves should be 3 ... 5 times greater than the distance between closely spaced grooves, which is necessary for passage between the rows of plants of the working bodies of tillage machines, providing in the process of plant growth, loosening of the soil and the destruction of weeds, as well as for placing the support wheels of mobile power rgeticheskikh means and technological machines. Plant seeds in the middle of three closely spaced grooves are shifted with respect to the seeds of neighboring grooves by half a longitudinal step, with each four closely spaced seeds of three neighboring grooves in plan representing the vertices of the rhombus.

In FIG. 1 shows a pattern of seed distribution in soil;

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the distribution of power and light sites;

in FIG. 3 - arrangement of the crowns of the planted plants in the initial phases of plant development;

in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the location of the seeded plants in the development phase, ensuring the closure or overlapping of the crowns of the plants sown in nearby grooves.

The proposed method of sowing legumes is as follows.

расположения семян 2 в бороздке, а расстояние b между удаленными бороздками должно быть в 3…5 раз больше, чем расстояние между близкорасположенными бороздками. После этого в бороздки укладываются семена 2, для этого могут использоваться высевающие аппараты точного высева, обеспечивающие расположение семян в каждой бороздке с одинаковым шагом, расстояние

которого составляет 0,8…1,0 диаметра d кроны 3 растений в фазе полного развития. Высевающие аппараты, подающие семена в соседние близкорасположенные бороздки, должны срабатывать таким образом, чтобы семена в средней из трех соседних бороздок располагались со сдвигом по отношению к семенам в крайних бороздок на половину расстояния продольного шага

. Таким образом, каждые четыре близкорасположенных семени трех соседних бороздок в плане располагаются в вершинах ромба. После размещения семян в бороздках производится их прикрытие слоем почвы и прикатывание. Все перечисленные операции могут быть выполнены за один проход комбинированной высевающей машиной, агрегатируемой мобильным энергетическим средством. Колея k расположения опорных колес высевающей машины должна соответствовать колее расположения колес мобильного энергетического средства и рассчитывается по формуле:Initially, parallel grooves 1 are cut, arranged with alternating distance, while the distance a between closely spaced grooves should be 0.866 of the stride distance

arrangement of seeds 2 in the groove, and the distance b between the remote grooves should be 3 ... 5 times greater than the distance between closely spaced grooves. After that, seeds 2 are placed in the grooves, for this, precision sowing machines can be used, ensuring the location of seeds in each groove with the same pitch, distance

which is 0.8 ... 1.0 of the diameter d of the crown of 3 plants in the phase of full development. Sowing devices that feed seeds to neighboring nearby grooves should operate in such a way that the seeds in the middle of three neighboring grooves are shifted with respect to the seeds in the extreme grooves by half the distance of the longitudinal pitch

. Thus, every four closely spaced seeds of three neighboring grooves in plan are located at the vertices of the rhombus. After placing the seeds in the grooves, they are covered with a layer of soil and rolled. All of these operations can be performed in one pass with a combined sowing machine aggregated with a mobile energy tool. The track k of the location of the support wheels of the sowing machine must correspond to the track of the location of the wheels of the mobile energy tool and is calculated by the formula:

k = n * (2 a + b),

where n is an integer.

Performed by sowing in this way, the placement of seeds in the soil helps to create sufficient nutrition sites for the root system of plants (Fig. 2).

After germination of the sown seeds during the period of plant development, new leaves appear, forming crowns 3, while in the row-spacings b, the free space between them is a strip шири wide for passage without damage to the cultivated plants of the wheels of mobile power tools and technological machines (Fig. 3).

Further development of plants contributes to an increase in their crowns to a diameter of d, with closure or partial overlapping of the crowns of plants sown in nearby grooves, which, in turn, contributes to the inhibition of weeds, and the free clearance between the crowns in wide aisles provides favorable lighting conditions. In this phase of development of the seeded plants, processing by machines is not performed, and cultivated plants continue to develop until they are fully ripe (Fig. 4).

An example of the implementation of the proposed method is sowing soybeans, the plants of which should be arranged in a row with a step of 0.10 m. Thus, the sowing machine is configured to sow seeds in rows, with an interval of alternation of three parallel grooves with a row spacing of 0.09 m, followed by aisle 0 , 52 m. The track of installation of the wheels of the sowing machine and the aggregating mobile energy means should be 1.4 m for a narrow-grip unit or 2.1 m for a wide-grip unit. The seeding rate per 1 hectare of area will be 429,000 pcs.

This method of sowing allows you to provide plant roots with sufficient nutrition areas, plant crowns with favorable lighting conditions, to preserve the possibility of loosening the soil and removing weeds, which helps to increase crop productivity.

Claims (1)

The method of sowing seeds of leguminous crops, including the formation of parallel grooves, the location of seeds in them, their subsequent cover with a layer of soil and rolling, characterized in that the seeds in each groove are arranged with the same pitch, the distance of which is 0.8 ... 1.0 of the diameter of the crown of plants in the phase of full development, and the grooves are arranged with an alternating distance, while the distance between three closely spaced grooves is 0.866 of the step distance between the seeds in the groove, and the distance between the remote grooves 3 ... 5 times greater than the distance between closely spaced grooves, while the seeds of plants in the middle of the three closely spaced grooves are shifted relative to the seeds in the neighboring extreme of the three grooves by half a longitudinal step, and every four of the closely spaced seeds of three neighboring the nearby grooves in plan represent the tops of the rhombus.

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