RU2609809C1 - Composition for production of organic and mineral fertilizer and method of its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: composition for production of organic and mineral fertilizer comprises organic wastes and calcium oxide, and it additionally comprises an inorganic sorbent agroionite. All the components are taken at a certain ratio. The method for production of the organic and mineral fertilizer by mixing the organic waste with calcium oxide, at that the organic waste is mixed with calcium oxide and then with agroionite, or the organic waste is mixed with the mixture of calcium oxide and agroionite, and then stirred, dried and granulated.

EFFECT: inventions enable to reduce the sorbent consumption, to increase the content of organic fertilizer components, to accelerate the process of recycling, and to obtain the slow-release organic and mineral fertilizer.

4 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the disposal of waste from poultry farms and pig farms with the simultaneous production of environmentally friendly effective organic fertilizer of prolonged action.

A known composition for producing fertilizers containing chicken droppings and finely divided chalk in a ratio of components of 1.0: 0.6-1.5 (RF patent No. 2108993, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 04/20/1998). A disadvantage of the known composition is that the chalk has a weak adsorbing ability and does not provide the necessary dehydration of bird droppings, which, in turn, leads to significant energy consumption for drying the granules obtained from the mixture.

A known composition for the production of organic fertilizers containing chicken droppings 1.0-1.5; lime 0.1-0.4; peat 0.3-0.8 (RF patent No. 2026271, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 01/09/1995). A disadvantage of the known composition is the small adsorbing surface and exchange capacity of peat, which does not provide sufficient efficiency in the use of useful components of chicken manure.

Comprehensive fertilizer is known (RF patent No. 2258053, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 08/10/2005), which contains bird droppings as an organic component, and a mixture of natural zeolite with chemical additives containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as a mineral component. magnesium and sulfur (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium magnesia) in the following ratio of fertilizer components, wt. %: natural zeolite 55-65, bird droppings 20-25, chemical additives 12-15. The disadvantage of this complex fertilizer is its low bird droppings and high adsorbent consumption, which reduces its effectiveness.

A known composition for the production of long-acting organomineral fertilizers (RF patent No. 2333184, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 09/10/2008), in which the litter is mixed with an adsorbent - calcined peniatomite crumb in a ratio of 1: 4. The adsorbent contains oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. Litter is mixed with an adsorbent, subjected to granulation and drying.

Despite the prolonged action of the known fertilizer, the disadvantage is the significant consumption of adsorbent (20% litter and 80% adsorbent) and inefficiency in the receipt of litter cell contents with humidity up to 70%.

Known organomineral granular fertilizer (RF patent No. 2184102, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 06/27/2002) based on natural siliceous zeolite-containing rocks and litter of poultry complexes. The fertilizer has the following composition (wt.%): Natural siliceous zeolite-containing rock 60-80, poultry complexes litter 20-40. A disadvantage of the known organomineral fertilizer is the low amount of litter, which makes it insufficiently effective.

A known method of preparing organic fertilizers, including mixing quartz-glauconite sand and a source of organic substances - a mixture of manure and silt sediment (US Pat. RF No. 2316523, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 10.12.2008), the disadvantage of which is the high consumption of sorbent.

Organic fertilizer is known (RF patent No. 2382753, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 02.27.2010), containing organic waste - bird droppings, sorbent - zeolite-containing tuff in the following ratio of ingredients (wt.%): Bird droppings - 70-80; zeolite-containing tuff - 10-20; water is the rest. The well-known fertilizer is characterized by sufficient pellet strength, it is stable during storage and effective in use, however, the drawback is the presence of limiting moisture criteria for the litter coming to the processing - 35-40%, while the moisture content in the litter of modern complexes at the cell content of the bird reaches 70%.

The closest in purpose and technical nature to the claimed (prototype) is an organomineral fertilizer, which is obtained by adding to bird droppings 25-50 wt. % calcium oxide, which binds nitric acids, followed by stirring of the resulting mixture (RF patent No. 2191764, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 10.27.2002). The disadvantages of this technology are certain criteria, where the fertilizer obtained with a percentage of moisture is selective and two options are selected with 20% moisture for soils with 4.8 pH and 30% moisture for soils with 5.5 pH, which means that the fertilizer has pronounced alkaline properties, for acidic soils, for soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction with a change in pH, it is necessary to regulate moisture, and not the amount of fertilizer with each application. Studies and industrial tests have shown that when heating or increasing the temperature of processed poultry waste, emissions of polluting substances of ammonia, phenol, hydrogen sulfide occur, and for the processing of industrial volumes it is necessary to neutralize emissions into the atmosphere, which is absent in this invention. In modern poultry farms, daily volumes of bird droppings exceed hundreds of tons, and when the processed volume is increased by 25-50%, it is inefficient and impossible. Taking into account all costs (the cost of sorbent, logistics and processing), the cost per unit of production received increases.

The task is:

- creating an effective organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action;

- maximum preservation of nutrients;

- Utilization of large-tonnage agricultural waste polluting the environment, while minimizing the consumption of sorbent;

- accelerate the full cycle of fertilizer production.

The technical result achieved in solving this problem is to reduce the consumption of sorbent, to increase the content of organic components of the fertilizer, the accelerated process of processing and obtaining organic fertilizers of prolonged action.

The problem is solved in that the composition for producing organic fertilizer, including organic waste and calcium oxide, according to the invention additionally contains an inorganic sorbent agroionite in the following ratio of components,% mass: calcium oxide - 1.5-3; agroionite - 1.5-3; organic waste - the rest. In addition, the composition as organic waste contains bird droppings or pig manure. The problem is solved by the method of producing organic fertilizer by mixing organic waste with calcium oxide, according to the invention, the organic waste is mixed with calcium oxide, then with agroionite, or the organic waste is mixed with a mixture of calcium oxide and agroionite, then mixed, dried and granulated.

The peculiarity lies in the fact that as a sorbent, organomineral fertilizer contains calcium oxide and agroionite, in addition, organic waste is mixed both with a mixture of sorbents and separately with calcium oxide, then with agroionite. They are distinguished by their low percentage in the finished product, which makes it possible to utilize large-tonnage waste from poultry complexes using a relatively small amount of sorbent in a relatively short time. Wastes of poultry farms, complexes belong to the third hazard class “moderately hazardous”, in the implementation of the claimed invention, the processed product passes to the fifth hazard class “practically non-hazardous”. This allows continuous processing of agricultural waste, while maintaining useful properties and preventing waste storage. There are no harmful emissions at the production site, production products comply with sanitary standards. Finished fertilizer products can be stored in dry rooms throughout the year.

Calcium oxide CaO (quicklime (GOST 8677-76; GOST 9179-77)) is limestone, always available and affordable. The advantages of limestone include the vastness of deposits. Finally, limestone is an environmentally friendly material, a natural antiseptic and anti-allergen, so it is perfectly compatible with humans. It is used in oil refining, petrochemical (production of additives and lubricants), chemical, leather and other industries, and agriculture.

Agroionite K _<1 (Fe ³⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Al, Mg) _2-3 [Si ₃ (Si, Al) O ₁₀ ] [OH] _{2 *} nH ₂ O belongs to the group of glauconites, has a mica structure and wide variations chemical composition: potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 4.4-9.4%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0-3.5%, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 5.5-22.6%, iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 6.1-27.9%, iron oxide (FeO) 0.8-8.6%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.4-4.5%, silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) 47.6-52.9%, water H ₂ O 4.9-13.5%. Agroionite is obtained by “screening” the initial glauconite-containing sands. Agroionite is produced according to TU 2164-006-03029859-2009, used for soil remediation and as an absorber of heavy metal salts. Due to its specific properties, glauconite is a valuable industrial raw material for various purposes. Using this sorbent, ecologists manage to eliminate disasters of a local scale: to clean up oil pollution zones, sewage, groundwater. The physicochemical properties of glauconite make it practically indispensable for the formation of natural and artificial geochemical barriers that protect the environment.

The use of glauconite for the production of fertilizers from chicken droppings is known, for example, from RF patent No. 2351576, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 04/10/2009. However, in the claimed solution, a specific sorbent is used as glauconite - agroinite produced according to TU 2164-006-03029859-2009, which together with calcium oxide can significantly reduce the sorbent consumption and the time of interaction of sorbents with organic waste (in known solutions, glauconites are mixed with litter in ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 3). This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

When calcium oxide interacts with the wet surface of bird droppings or manure, a chemical process occurs, accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat and emissions of ammonia, phenol, hydrogen sulfide. The use of agroionite together with calcium oxide allows one to reduce the concentration of ammonia and phenol by a factor of tens, and the hydrogen sulfide content decreases to values below the detection limit (see Table 1).

Each of the sorbents in the mixture performs its function - prolonged disinfection, eliminating the formation of new pathogenic microflora in the finished product and neutralizing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia vapors, destroying the smell by stopping the bacterial decomposition reaction. The ratio of sorbents is chosen in equal proportions, the total content in the composition of organic fertilizers is from 3.0 to 6.0%. When the content of each sorbent is less than 1.5%, the process speed decreases. The increase in the content above 3% is impractical due to the increase in material costs per 1 ton of processed organic waste (increase in cost) and there is no need to reduce the reaction time below 20 minutes.

Laboratory studies and industrial tests have also confirmed that the percentage of sorbents does not depend on the type of organic waste (bird droppings or pork removal), as well as on moisture and the content of various antibiotics used in vaccination. Also does not affect the diet of poultry and pigs.

The calculated indicators of the ratio of the introduced sorbents and the processed litter mass are confirmed by pilot industrial introductions of the technology for the on-line processing of chicken manure using sorbent (CaO, agroionite) on the equipment for the production of drying and granulation of LLC Russian Pellet, Yoshkar-Ola (Table 2).

The following options are possible for obtaining organic fertilizer:

1. ((Calcium oxide + bird droppings) + agroionite) + drying;

2. (Calcium oxide + agroionite) + bird droppings + drying;

3. ((Calcium oxide + pig manure) + agroionite) + drying;

4. (Calcium oxide + agroionite) + pig manure + drying.

Ki = 2,376

Ki <= 10

Waste hazard class: 5 (fifth)

The implementation of the claimed invention is illustrated by the following example.

Chicken droppings with a moisture content of 70% in an amount of 80 tons enter two mixer-receivers equipped with a common agitator for uniform mixing of sorbents in the droppings. A doser is located above the agitator, feeding a mixture of two sorbents coming from the storage: calcium oxide (1.2 t) and agroionite (1.2 t). When mixed with sorbents in the litter, the reaction of bacterial decomposition is stopped, accompanied by the release of gases, disinfection occurs (destroying microorganisms, the release of their waste products is prevented). The resulting mixture of litter with sorbents is discharged via a closed screw conveyor into a closed intermediate storage tank with a capacity of 300 tons. The final disinfection of raw materials and preparation for drying takes place there. Ready for drying mass through a closed channel is fed into the dryer drum. The drying unit is equipped with a gas burner, afterburner, spark arrestor, heat exchanger. The temperature at the input of raw materials to the dryer drum was 180 degrees, 29 tons of dry matter (fertilizer) were obtained at the output. The rotation speed and temperature of the drying unit are regulated by humidity sensors at the inlet and outlet. Excess moisture in the form of steam is discharged into the atmosphere. Tests have shown that the use of sorbents provides the most gentle mode of preserving the desired chemical properties of the resulting fertilizer. When using sorbents, emissions of ammonia, phenol, and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, which are characteristic of the territories surrounding the waste storage facilities of poultry enterprises, are prevented.

When the moisture content of the mixture reaches 12-14%, the dried mass enters the cyclone block. A block of cyclones separates the solid fraction from the gaseous. Steam is vented to the atmosphere or condensed, and the dry substrate (product obtained after drying) is transferred to the storage hopper.

At all stages of the production process, the mass is cleaned of stones and metal inclusions by installing stone traps and magnets.

To create a homogeneous, without feathers, structure of dry raw materials, a grinder is used, which feeds the substrate ready for granulation into the damper hopper, from which the raw material is fed into the granulator by a screw batcher, where granules are formed by forcing through matrix dies. From heating during friction, the matrix heats up to 90 degrees, the surface of the granule bakes, becomes glossy, preventing the absorption of atmospheric moisture into it. This makes it possible for unlimited storage and transportation of organic fertilizer.

Next, the granules are fed to a cooling column, where cooling and separation of the finished product from non-granulated elements, powder and dust, additionally returned to the granulation, takes place. Then, by a conveyor belt, granules are fed through a lock gate to a closed storage hopper, and from there to a filling machine.

Organomineral fertilizer with a shelf life of one year was obtained, there was no loss of nitrogen during storage after several months, the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH (see table 2), the use of fertilizer provides an increase in yield from 20%.

The technical and economic advantages of the claimed group of inventions consist in the fact that the full production cycle of organic fertilizer is 60 minutes, during which the litter and manure are processed into granular organic fertilizer with maintaining the maximum content of nitrogenous substances - the main activator of plant growth. There is the possibility of continuous year-round processing of waste from poultry enterprises and obtaining products of high profitability, many times higher than the profitability of the main production. The use of sorbents eliminates the penetration of the pungent odor characteristic of this process, carried out without their use, into the atmosphere during the industrial drying of raw materials and prevents the re-development of pathogenic microflora in the finished product, which does not limit the manufacturer in terms of storage and long-distance transportation. The resulting fertilizers are environmentally friendly, do not contain weed seeds, synthetic components and salts of heavy metals, are easily applied to the soil using standard equipment for applying mineral fertilizers. Fertilizer contains all the nutrients necessary for agricultural crops, stimulating their development, organic substances and microelements in a stable form easily assimilated by plants, creates conditions for environmentally friendly agricultural products, and increases its productivity. The granular form of fertilizer ennobles the structure of the soil, increases its fertility for a long time, playing the role of a “sponge”, absorbs and retains an excess of moisture enriched with minerals, gradually giving it to plants in the dry period, performs the functions of aeration and drainage, preventing soil compaction and surface crust formation with aftereffect for three years. Capital and time costs for launching production and the cost of final products are many times lower than in technologies for multi-day preparation of raw materials at special landfills. Each poultry farm will have the opportunity to solve the environmental problem of the complete utilization of highly toxic waste and the organization of a new highly profitable production of organomineral granular fertilizer.

Claims (5)

1. The composition for organic fertilizer, including organic waste and calcium oxide, characterized in that it further comprises an inorganic sorbent agroionite in the following ratio, wt.%:  calcium oxide  1.5-3.0  agroionite  1.5-3.0  organic waste  rest 2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that as organic waste contains bird droppings. 3. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that as organic waste contains pig manure. 4. A method of producing organic fertilizer by mixing organic waste with calcium oxide, characterized in that the organic waste is mixed with calcium oxide, then with agroionite, or the organic waste is mixed with a mixture of calcium oxide with agroionite, then mixed, dried and granulated.