RU2605654C2 - Universal kit for building low-rise buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and can be used at erection of low-rise buildings of different structural systems. Summary of invention is in that universal kit for building of low-rise constructions and structures, having in its structure the wall elements used as wall elements and covering beams, made by extrusion of wood-plastic composite, wall elements are composed of posts with cross sections in the form of flange beam and rectangular parallelepiped with selected quarters and strappings of elements with cross section in the form of beam channel, and corner blocks, note here that all components of the set have internal cavities. Internal cavities of the elements are filled with effective insulation. Elements in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped are used as floor beams and are reinforced.

EFFECT: invention objective - development of universal set of elements, which can be used in all three systems: bar-shaped, rack-mounted and low-framed, at the same time provide the required heat capacity, durability, rigidity and durability of the structure with minimum labor intensity of assembly.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of low-rise buildings of various structural systems.

Currently, various structural systems of low-rise buildings with supporting structures made of wood are widely used in construction. Of these, three main ones can be distinguished: cobblestone, rack-mount and light-frame.

Cobbled buildings are erected from glued beams with grooves and ridges. Known self-locking wooden profile (Application FR No. 2482167, MKI E04C 3/12, publ. 1981) for the construction of buildings, representing a wooden beam (beam). In the manufacture of such a beam, a rectangular blank with predetermined geometric dimensions is used, on the upper horizontal surface of which two grooves are made, and on the lower horizontal surface - spikes of the corresponding sizes. This design of the beam has the disadvantage of a large consumption of wood, as well as a high probability of cracking over time due to the uneven drying in the volume of the beam.

The rack system is actually a block structure with a vertical arrangement of bars. In Scandinavia, such structures are assembled from vertically placed elements of two or three types with alternating them along the length of the wall.

The third of these systems is a wooden frame of the building, consisting of identical wooden posts and harnesses. Known (patent RU 131754, Е04В 1/26, published on 08.27.2013), in which a similar framework is proposed, characterized in that it comprises a timber strapping fixed to the building foundation, and the frame elements are formed by two side racks from the board and the middle a bar of timber, connected on top of a common strapping of a double board.

Such a solution requires the use of lumber of several sizes, which increases the cost of construction. In addition, the use of solid wood leads to a sufficiently large amount of waste.

The main disadvantage of the described structural systems is the use of commercial wood in them, sawing and shaping the cross-section of which is inevitably associated with the occurrence of a large amount of waste. In addition, it is of interest to create such a universal set of elements that could be used in all three systems.

The closest analogue to the proposed invention is a building constructed using a set of universal elements (patent RU No. 109769, Е04С 1/00, publ. 10.27.2011), including wall elements, floor beams and lintels, which are a single system and made by extrusion made of wood-plastic composite.

However, the specified device considers buildings and structures constructed from small wall blocks, and the inability to use in block, rack and light frame systems.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a universal set of elements that can be used in all three systems: block, rack and light frame, while providing the necessary heat capacity, strength, rigidity and durability of the structure with minimal installation complexity.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the universal kit for the construction of low-rise buildings and structures, incorporating wall elements used as wall elements and floor beams, made by extrusion of a wood-plastic composite, while the wall elements are made in the form of racks with cross-sections in the form of an I-beam and a rectangular parallelepiped with selected quarters and strapping from elements with a cross-section in the form of a channel, and corner blocks, and I compose everything s set having internal cavities.

The internal cavities of the elements are filled with an effective heater.

Elements in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped are also used as floor beams and are made reinforced.

Various combinations and the spatial arrangement of the components of the kit make it possible to obtain building structures similar to block-type, rack-mount and light-frame house-building systems.

The technical result of the invention are:

- building boxes of three different building systems are assembled from elements of a single set;

- construction is carried out without “wet” processes and the need to comply with technological breaks associated with a set of strength binders;

- coloring of elements is carried out during their production at the plant, and this significantly reduces the construction time and increases the variability of construction objects;

- the presence of a large number of air gaps improves sound insulation and increases the thermal characteristics of buildings, without the use of additional materials;

- the polymer, which is part of the composite, protects the fillers from decay, pests, etc., increasing the life of the objects;

- an automated process for the production of elements by extrusion makes it possible to obtain parts of accurate geometric dimensions;

- products are environmentally friendly.

All elements of the kit have internal cavities and are made by extrusion of various composite materials. As a non-limiting example of such a material, a wood-plastic composite may be given.

The long-term strength and stiffness characteristics of the composite materials from which the beams and racks are made must not be lower than those of solid coniferous wood of the first grade, and the product's service life is at least 50 years.

The introduction of various color additives into the melt of the composite provides coloring of the floor elements in various colors according to RAL.

The universal set includes four main elements: racks with cross sections in the form of an I-beam, a rectangular parallelepiped with selected quarters, strapping with a cross section in the form of a channel, and special corner blocks with selected quarters.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG. 1 - an I-beam is presented;

FIG. 2 - a rectangular box with selected quarters;

FIG. 3 - strapping with a cross section in the form of a channel;

FIG. 4 - corner block with selected quarters;

FIG. 5 - erection of a wall in the cobblestone system;

FIG. 6 - frame in the rack system;

FIG. 7 - I-pillars in a light-frame system.

In figures 1-4 positions respectively indicated:

1 - shelf profiles;

2 - wall profiles;

3 - quarters selected in the elements.

In a block-shaped system, the erection of the wall begins with installation in the horizontal position of the harness with the orientation of the shelves 1 up, after which elements, in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and I-pillars, are also horizontally installed in it.

In the rack system, the frame is formed of vertically arranged elements of three sizes, also included in the horizontal piping of the channel with the orientation of the shelves 1 up. The construction of the wall begins with the installation of a corner block, to which an I-pillar adjoins. An element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped due to the selected quarters 3 enters between the shelves 1 of the I-pillar, forming a monolithic wall. The required length of the wall is typed by alternating vertically arranged racks in the form of an I-beam and a rectangular parallelepiped.

In a light-frame system, I-racks are installed with a certain step for further laying heat-insulating material between them. In the longitudinal direction, the racks are connected to each other by the upper and lower ties of the channel section.

Interfloor overlaps of the considered systems are made of elements of a set in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which can be strengthened by strapping from the channel.

The use of the described structures does not require additional work on the external and internal surface finish, as well as soundproofing of the premises.

Claims (3)

1. A universal set for the construction of low-rise buildings and structures, incorporating elements used as wall elements and floor beams, made by extrusion of a wood-plastic composite, characterized in that the wall elements are made in the form of racks with cross sections in the form I-beams and a rectangular parallelepiped with selected quarters and strapping from elements with a cross-section in the form of a channel, and corner blocks, and all components of the set have internal cavities. 2. The universal kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal cavities of the elements are filled with an effective heater. 3. The universal set according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped are also used as floor beams and are made reinforced.

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