RU2604303C1 - Grain crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to loose material grinders, mainly for grinding grains and grain-products, and can be used in agriculture to prepare fodders. Grain crusher comprises frame 1, electric motor 2, grinding chamber 3, made in the form of a housing consisting of cylindrical drum 4 and two walls 5, 6, rotor 9 with blades 10 arranged in grinding chamber 3, which has loading 7 and unloading 8 openings. Length of cylindrical drum 4 is multiple of width of blades 10, located at an angle relative to its axis so that their surfaces are in direction of rotor 9 rotation. Inner surface of cylindrical drum is corrugated. Grinding chamber wall 6 opposite to loading opening 7, is made in the form of a removable plate with a corrugated surface, unloading opening 8 is equipped with replaceable separating sieve 11.

EFFECT: crusher provides high carrying capacity, higher reliability of working process, efficiency of grinding grain material and reduction of its overgrinding.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding bulk material used in the preparation of feed, mainly grain and grain products, and can be used in agricultural production and animal feed industry.

Known feed crusher, consisting of a base, on the bearings of which are installed the rotor shaft and faceplate with shells, forming a working chamber with the faceplate, and covers over the shell with a hole for loading the product, unloading device, and at least two shell segments are made in the form of interchangeable sieves inserts with different diameters of the holes for the output of the crushed product from the working chamber by means of discharge nozzles [1].

The disadvantage of this design of the feed crusher is the increased wear of the working body in the zone of rotation of the air-product layer due to its horizontal location, overgrinding of the material due to the insufficient area of its separation zone and, consequently, a decrease in productivity, as well as low reliability of the working process of the device due to rapid wear installed on the periphery of the rotor of the sieve segments, causing an increase in unit costs for the maintenance and repair of the crusher.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a grain crusher containing a frame, an electric motor, a grinding chamber, made in the form of a housing consisting of a cylindrical horizontal drum and two walls, a sieve, a rotor with blades located in the grinding chamber, having loading and unloading windows [2] - prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is that the grain material is crushed, colliding with a sieve, which leads to premature wear of this element of the crusher. If stones or a metal object fall into the grinding chamber, the crusher design is susceptible to rapid failure. In addition, to extract these items, the crusher has a complex structure for disassembly. Accordingly, all this significantly increases the unit costs for maintenance and repair of the crusher.

Due to the absence of shockproof elements in the crusher, it is characterized by a low efficiency of grinding grain material, which ultimately leads to a decrease in throughput.

In addition, due to the smooth surface of the sieve for grinding material, it is necessary to repeatedly circulate it with a rotor with blades in the grinding chamber, resulting in over-grinding of the final product. Getting mixed feed with a high content of dust particles adversely affects the health of animals as a result of the latter getting into the respiratory system when feeding in dry form.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the known grain crusher containing a frame, an electric motor, a grinding chamber, made in the form of a housing consisting of a cylindrical drum and two walls, has a rotor with blades located in a grinding chamber having a loading and unloading window, length a cylindrical drum with a corrugated inner surface is a multiple of the width of the blades located at an angle relative to their axis with the orientation of their surfaces in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the chamber wall The opposite of the loading window is made in the form of a removable plate with a corrugated surface, and the discharge window is equipped with a removable separating sieve.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The implementation of the wall of the grinding chamber, opposite the loading window, in the form of a removable plate allows for easy disassembly of the crusher to change the separating sieve installed in the discharge window, or to remove trapped metal objects, thereby increasing the service life, reliability and maintainability of the crusher, which ultimately entails reduction of unit costs for its maintenance and repair.

The presence of a corrugated surface on the removable plate, as well as the implementation of the inner surface of the cylindrical drum corrugated, leads to an increase in the efficiency of grinding grain material in a short period of time and, accordingly, an increase in the throughput of the crusher.

Supply of the discharge window of the grinding chamber with a removable separating sieve, designed for material separation, allows to obtain the crushed product required by size and, accordingly, prevents its regrinding.

The installation of the blades at an angle relative to its axis with the orientation of their surfaces in the direction of rotation of the rotor allows you to feed the grain material arriving at them onto a removable plate with a corrugated surface at an acute angle, which determines more efficient grinding of grains due to crushing.

When the length of the cylindrical drum is a multiple of the width of the rotor blades, a more efficient grinding of the grain material is achieved due to the acquisition by the grains from the surfaces of the rotating blades of the necessary kinetic energy for crushing when they hit the corrugated surface of the removable plate.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure 1 presents a General view of the crusher. In figure 2 is a view of the crusher on the right with the wall removed, made in the form of a plate with a corrugated surface.

The grain crusher consists of a frame 1, an electric motor 2, a grinding chamber 3, which is made in the form of a housing consisting of a cylindrical drum 4 and two walls 5 and 6, made in the form of metal plates. The inner surface of the cylindrical drum 4 is made corrugated. The grinding chamber 3 has a loading 7 and unloading 8 windows. Inside the grinding chamber 3, there is a rotor 9 with blades 10, which are mounted at an angle relative to its axis with the orientation of their surfaces in the direction of rotation of the rotor 9. The wall 6 of the grinding chamber 3, opposite the loading window 7, is made in the form of a removable plate with a corrugated surface. The discharge window 8 is equipped with a separating sieve 11. The length of the cylindrical drum 4 is a multiple of the width of the blades 10, that is, no more than their width.

Grain crusher works as follows.

After turning on the electric motor 2, the grain material through the loading window 7 enters the grinding chamber 3, where it falls under the tangential impacts of the rapidly rotating blades 10, from which it flies off to the wall 6 having a corrugated surface, and then, crushing, bounces into the zone of action of the blades 10 or the wall 5. The material is thus exposed to the blades 10 and the walls 5 and 6 and, grinding, moves in a circle inside the drum 4 with a corrugated inner surface, until it reaches the discharge window 8. The fine fraction passes in a timely manner flows through the sieve 11 of the discharge window 8 due to inertia forces, as well as the air flow generated by the crusher blades 10. The coarse fraction continues to move inside the grinding chamber 3, crushed to the required size for passage through the sieve 11 and transportation through the discharge window 8 to a storage tank or consumer.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to increase the throughput and reliability of the crusher working process due to its design, increase the efficiency of grinding grain material and reduce its overgrinding, as well as reduce the unit cost of maintenance and repair of the crusher.

Literature

1. Feed crusher: RF patent No. 2215400, IPC A01F 29/00, B02C 9/02, 13/18 / V.G. Korotkov, S.Yu. Solovykh, S.V. Antimonov, N.V. Zaitseva, V.P. Hanin; Applicant and patent holder Orenburg State University. - No. 2001107876/13; declared 03/23/2001; publ. 05/10/2003. - 4 p.

2. Pulverized material producing system: patent No. 2010/0102150 United States, Int C1 B02C 13/08, 17/16, 23/24, 23/28, 23/32 / assignee EARTH LINK CO., LTD Akashi-shi, Hyogo (TP). - No. 12 / 441,314; PCT Filed Sep. 7, 2007; Pub. Date Apr. 29, 2010. - 29 p.

Claims (1)

A grain crusher containing a frame, an electric motor, a grinding chamber made in the form of a housing consisting of a cylindrical drum and two walls, a rotor with blades located in a grinding chamber having loading and unloading windows, characterized in that the length of the cylindrical drum with a corrugated inner surface a multiple of the width of the blades located at an angle relative to their axis with the orientation of their surfaces in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the wall of the grinding chamber, opposite the loading window, Nene in the form of a removable plate with a corrugated surface, and the discharge window is equipped with a removable separating sieve.

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