RU2600353C2 - Method of treating water and aqueous solutions and installation for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of water and aqueous solutions for simultaneous softening, reduction of mineralization, desalination, disinfection and can be used in chemical, food, pharmaceutical, oil and gas industries, as well as in agriculture and medicine. Method of treatment of water and aqueous solutions includes correcting pH by multiple alternating pressure decrease during recirculation to value, at which cavitation takes place, with subsequent increase of pressure to value, at which cavitation stops, and filtration. Treated water or aqueous solution is supplied from supply pump 2 via filter 1 to cavitation reactor 3. Preliminary separation of treated water or aqueous solution and activation are made due to action of pulsed high-voltage electrohydraulic discharges with supply voltage from 35 kV to 50 kV at pulse frequency from 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz and ultrasound with frequency of ultrasound waves at least 98 kHz and intensity higher than 10⁵ W/m². Final separation is carried out in vortex type 12 cavitator.

EFFECT: invention allows to expand technological capabilities of demineralization and desalination of water and aqueous solutions.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for treating water and aqueous solutions in processes for simultaneously softening, reducing mineralization and desalination, disinfection and can be used in chemical, food, pharmaceutical, oil and gas and other industries, as well as in agriculture, medicine, food use of water and various solutions, housing and communal services and household.

A known method of processing liquid in a vessel by exposing it to a rotating electromagnetic field created by an electric motor with a disk mounted on its shaft, placed above the surface of the liquid (patent RU 2171232).

However, this method has low productivity and efficiency of the liquid activation process.

A known method of treating water or a solution, including exposure to water by a physical factor (patent RU 2151742).

The disadvantages of this method are low productivity (the height of the liquid in the vessel should be 1 cm) and the efficiency of the activation process due to their structural and technological disadvantages that do not take into account the features of the contactless activation process.

A known method of ultrasonic processing of materials (a.s. SU 561576), according to which a cavitation zone is created in a working medium, and elastic vibrations are processed at an ultrasonic frequency and carried out for two hours. To implement the method, a device is used in which the working chamber and the source of elastic vibrations are made as a whole and are made on the basis of the TsMS-8 ring magnetostrictive transducer, which creates a cavitation zone in a liquid working medium and operates at the same ultrasonic frequency

The main disadvantage of this device is its limited use in various technological processes due to the low intensity of the generated oscillations. The cavitation noise level is not high enough, for example, to decompose water and produce hydrogen or oxygen from it, for the same reason, the device does not provide reliable destruction of highly viscous media.

Known hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (patent RU 2091157), containing sequentially located confuser and flow chamber, in which cavitators are installed at a distance from each other, characterized in that the cavity of the flow chamber is made in the form of sections successively expanding in the installation area of the cavitator in the direction from the confuser wherein the cross-sectional area of each subsequent section is greater than 1.05-1.45 times the cross-sectional area of the previous section.

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of manufacturing, high metal consumption and insufficient cavitation effect to implement.

A device is known (patent RU 84256), comprising a confuser connected in series, a flow chamber containing a section made in the form of a first diffuser with cavitators installed in it, while the second diffuser at the outlet, the confuser at the inlet and the first diffuser in the flow part have different taper angles , according to the invention, the cavitators are made in the form of cylinders arranged in two rows, the device is equipped with plates located along the housing perpendicular to the cavitators, and control rods located on the input de flowing part between the plates. In addition, the side surface of the cavitators within the device can be made with a notch on the side. In addition, the device can be equipped with additional nozzles on the confuser and on the second diffuser.

A known installation for implementing a method of preparing oil and / or oil products for processing (patent RU 2287355), including a device for influencing a moving stream with pressure drops, containing an inlet pipe with a multi-nozzle unit sealed in its cross section, connected to a cylindrical channel and then with an expanding diffuser while the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical channel to the sum of the areas of the nozzle holes at the exit of the multi-nozzle block is characterized by a value of from 2.1 to 5.9.

The disadvantage of this mechanical device is that the effectiveness of qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of liquid media depends on the number of cavitation bubbles per unit volume. This indicator is limited by the fact that the narrowing in the cross section of the fluid flow, i.e. hydrodynamic resistance, therefore, the intensification of cavitation processes has a limit for economic reasons.

Closest to the claimed method in its technical essence is a method of treating water and aqueous solutions (patent RU 2240984), selected as a prototype, including adjusting the pH by repeatedly decreasing the pressure of a high-pressure liquid during its recirculation to the value at which its cavitation occurs, followed by increasing the pressure to a value at which cavitation ceases, characterized in that the recirculated liquid is preheated, after which part of the high-pressure liquid is taken m filtration, from the remaining recycle stream withdrawn skavitirovannuyu liquid with pressure, cooled, allowed to stand until the collapse of the cavitation bubbles formed and the deposition of solid impurities, and then returned to the conditioned fluid in the low pressure recycle stream.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the treatment of water and aqueous solutions and installations for its implementation, allowing you to change the structure and properties of the substances that make up the processed fluid, to qualitatively improve its properties with the possibility of the formation of new products.

The technical result is the expansion of technological capabilities due to the application in any industries and in everyday life, carrying out demineralization and desalination of water and aqueous solutions.

Due to the combination of cavitators, additional activators and separators, the claimed device allows not only to purify water from impurities dissolved in it, but also to carry out demineralization and desalination of water and aqueous solutions.

This problem is solved in that in a method for treating water and aqueous solutions, including adjusting the pH by repeatedly decreasing the pressure of high-pressure water or an aqueous solution by recirculating it to a value at which cavitation occurs, followed by a pressure increase to a value at which cavitation ceases, and filtration, the treated water or aqueous solution enters from the feed pump through the filter into the cavitation reactor, in which at least two cavitators of different sizes are arranged in series the principle of operation, separated by intermediate chambers that allow you to enter the required ingredients, catalysts, surfactants and carry out additional activation due to exposure to pulsed high-voltage electro-hydraulic discharges and ultrasound with an ultrasonic wave frequency of at least 98 kHz and an intensity above 10 ⁵ W / m ² and preliminary separation of the treated water or aqueous solution, and the final separation of the treated water or aqueous solution takes place in a vortex type cavitator, you filled in the form of a cyclone.

This problem is also solved due to the fact that in the installation for the treatment of water and aqueous solutions containing a cavitation reactor with cavitators installed in it, intermediate chambers connected to the inlet and outlet of the cavitation reactor, the feed pump and pipelines, the cavitation reactor is made in the form of a tank with a cover with at least two cavitators of various operating principles installed in series, separated by intermediate chambers, the first of which is cylindrical shaped and installed horizontally with axial placement on the bottom of the ejector to supply additional ingredients, electrodes are introduced with the possibility of performing a high-voltage pulsed electro-hydraulic discharge with a voltage supply of 35 kV to 50 kV at a pulse frequency of 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz, with a volume of V _K the first intermediate chamber, determined from the ratio:

V _K = (G · _H 1000) / 3600f,

where G _N - pump capacity;

f is the pulse frequency of the high voltage arrester,

moreover, the first intermediate chamber is configured to allow water or aqueous solution from the first cavitator to enter the first intermediate chamber tangentially and to drain the water or aqueous solution through a nozzle mounted on the axis of the bottom opposite the ejector and connected to the entrance to the second intermediate chamber with an ultrasonic an emitter adapted to emit ultrasonic waves with a frequency of at least 98 kHz and an intensity above 10 ⁵ W / m ^2, and cavitator connected to the output of the second n of the interstitial chamber, it is a vortex-type cavitator mounted vertically, containing an input device in the form of a nozzle with a tapering spiral scroll or nozzles with a tangential supply of fluid to the confuser body with a narrowing angle from 0 to 10 °, an output device with an adjustable valve connected by a pipeline to the drainage the tube of the first intermediate chamber and configured to supply water or an aqueous solution through a self-cleaning filter and a shut-off and control valve to the suction line of the feed us ca, and the outlet pipe of the vortex type cavitator attached to the lower end bottom along the axis of the body has a diameter of 0.35-0.40 of the average diameter of the body of the vortex type cavitator, connected to pipelines and shut-off and control valves configured to circulation of the treated water or aqueous solution through the feed pump and the cavitation reactor or through a self-cleaning filter, its direct-flow movement from the inlet tank or reservoir to the receiving tank of the consumer of purified water or aqueous solution.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an installation for implementing the inventive method of treating water and aqueous solutions, in which positions 1-20 indicate:

1 - first filter;

2 - feed pump;

3 - cavitation reactor;

4 - primary cavitator;

5 - dosing device;

6 - ejector;

7 - the first intermediate chamber;

8 - the second intermediate chamber;

9 - an ultrasonic emitter;

10 - inlet nozzle;

11 - adjustable output device;

12 - vortex type cavitator;

13 - the first lower output pipe;

14 - upper outlet pipe;

15 - second lower output pipe;

16 - shut-off and control valve;

17 - self-cleaning filter;

18 - geese;

19 is a second filter.

The installation contains a first filter 1 with shut-off and control valves 16 at the inlet and outlet, a feed pump 2, a cavitation reactor 3, in which the primary cavitator 4 is placed, the first intermediate chamber 7, made cylindrical, with high-voltage electrodes placed inside to carry out a high-voltage pulse discharge in liquid and an ejector 6 with a metering device 5, a second intermediate chamber 8 of cylindrical or rectangular shape with an ultrasonic emitter 9 located inside, mounted vertically vortex type torus 12 with an input nozzle 10 and an adjustable output device 11 with a control valve for the manual actuator and the first and second lower output pipes 13 and 15, mounted in series through the coupling. The upper outlet pipe 14 from the adjustable output device 11 of the vortex type cavitator 12 connects the cavity of the adjustable output device to the drain pipe of the first intermediate chamber 7, which is installed below the housing of the latter, directing fluid through a self-cleaning filter 17, for example, FIBOS, and a shut-off and control valve 16 either above the suction line of the feed pump 2, or to the consumer through shut-off and control valves 16 located on a horizontal pipe to the right of the self-cleaning filter 17, and a second filter 19. Ext. Three drain tube first intermediate chamber 7 situated horizontally below the last casing installed "by selecting" standard calibrated washer fluid regulating flow through the drain tube. The first lower outlet pipe 13 of the vortex type cavitator 12 is connected in series with the second lower outlet pipe 15 through a coupling and through a shut-off valve 16 and a second filter 19 supplies the treated water or aqueous solution to the consumer through a shut-off valve 16 installed in front of the second filter 19 .

To switch the operating modes of the cavitation reactor, shut-off valves 16 and a piping system according to the proposed in FIG. 1 circuit. An external reservoir or reservoir is indicated at 20.

Installation works as follows.

The feed pump 2 delivers the treated water or aqueous solution from the external container or reservoir 20 through an open shut-off and control valve 16 installed at the external tank or reservoir 20, through the first filter 1 with open shut-off and control valves 16 at the inlet and outlet of the first filter 1 in cavitation reactor 3 with the open shut-off and control valve 16 located outside the cavitation reactor 3 on the horizontal pipe to the right of the entrance to the primary cavitator 4. Moreover, the shut-off and control valves 16 at the entrance to the primary cavit Op 4 is closed. The filling of the cavitation reactor 3 is controlled by a shut-off and control valve 16 with a jib 18 mounted on the cover of the cavitation reactor 3.

After filling the internal cavity of the cavitation reactor 3, the shut-off control valve 16 located outside the cavitation reactor 3 on the horizontal pipe to the right of the primary cavitator 4 is closed, and the shut-off control valve 16 is opened at the entrance to the primary cavitator 4.

The feed pump 2 begins to supply the treated water or aqueous solution from an external container or reservoir 20 through the first filter 1 with the open shut-off and control valves 16 at the inlet and outlet of the first filter 1 to the primary cavitator 4.

From the primary cavitator 4, the flow of water or an aqueous solution tangentially enters the first intermediate chamber 7. The volume of this chamber V _K is consistent with the pump capacity according to the formula:

V _K = (G _N × 1000) / 3600 f,

where G _N - pump capacity, measured in m ³ / h;

f is the pulse frequency of the high voltage arrester, measured in Hz,

so that in the intervals between high-frequency pulses, the first intermediate chamber 7 is not emptied.

The intensive rotation of the flow of water or aqueous solution in the first intermediate chamber 7 in combination with pulsed high-voltage electro-hydraulic discharges that create additional cavitation activation of the treated water or aqueous solution, helps to break the intermolecular bonds in the treated water or aqueous solution and ensures effective interaction with those introduced through the metering device 5 and ejector 6 with additional ingredients.

In the primary cavitator 4, intense activation of the treated water or aqueous solution occurs with the formation of a large number of cavitation bubbles.

To explain the essence of the proposed method of treatment (activation) and the mechanism of action on activated water or an aqueous solution, it is necessary to clarify aspects that include the proposed method, such as activation of water or an aqueous solution during hydrodynamic or ultrasonic cavitation.

Cavitation - the formation in a fluid of cavities (cavitation bubbles or caverns) filled with gas, steam, or a mixture thereof. Cavitation occurs as a result of a local decrease in pressure in the liquid, which can occur either with an increase in its velocity (hydrodynamic cavitation) or with the passage of an acoustic wave during a half-period of rarefaction (acoustic cavitation). In addition, a sharp (sudden) disappearance of cavitation bubbles leads to the formation of hydraulic shocks and, as a result, to the creation of a compression and extension wave in the fluid with ultrasonic frequency. Currently, a class of methods and equipment has been created for changing the physicochemical properties of liquid-phase systems and, first of all, water using cavitation processes, including in vortex fluid flows (Ranke tubes), electromagnetic vortex generators (longitudinal electromagnetic waves) and a number of other processes.

The cavitation flow in hydrodynamic cavitators is characterized by a dimensionless parameter (cavitation number):

, $$X=\frac{2(R-R_s)}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\rho \; V"\; filenames="00000003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\rho \; </figure-callout>}{V}^{}{}^2}$$

,

where P is the hydrostatic pressure of the oncoming flow, Pa;

Ps is the pressure of saturated vapor of the liquid at a certain ambient temperature, Pa;

ρ is the density of the medium, kg / m ³ ;

V is the flow rate at the entrance to the system, m / s.

It is known that cavitation occurs when the flow reaches the boundary velocity V = Vc, when the pressure in the flow becomes equal to the vaporization pressure (saturated vapor). The boundary value of the cavitation criterion corresponds to this speed.

Four types of flows can be distinguished depending on the value of X: pre-cavitation - continuous (single-phase) flow at X> 1, cavitation - (two-phase) flow at X ~ 1, film - with a stable separation of the cavitation cavity from the rest of the continuous flow (film cavitation) at X <1, supercavitation - at X << 1.

Similar types of flows are provided by ultrasonic cavitation at a high frequency and intensity of application of sound waves.

The specified cavitation effect on the liquid being treated ensures the breaking of the internal molecular-chemical bonds of all substances dissolved in water, including mineral salts. This achieves the purification of water and aqueous solutions.

The collapse of cavitation bubbles with the formation of cumulative shock waves occurs in the first intermediate chamber 7, where the pressure is higher than the rarefaction pressure inside the primary cavitator 4. In the first intermediate chamber 7 along its axis, an ejector 6 is installed on its left bottom, allowing additional liquid to be introduced into the liquid to be processed through the dosing device 5 ingredients, for example, catalysts, surfactants and other components. These substances are used in the treatment of contaminated effluents and when using the proposed installation in technological schemes.

Electrodes were introduced inside the first intermediate chamber 7 for performing a high-voltage pulsed electro-hydraulic discharge with a voltage supply of 35 kV to 50 kV at a pulse frequency of 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz. This tough effect on the treated water or aqueous solution contributes to the breaking of intermolecular bonds in the water or aqueous solution itself, its demineralization and purification. Substances falling out of water or an aqueous solution are discharged from the first intermediate chamber 7 through a drain pipe located horizontally below the housing of the first intermediate chamber 7 with a standard calibrated washer for regulating the flow of liquid through the drain pipe installed inside it. Through this drainage tube and the upper outlet pipe 14 from the vortex type cavitator 12, water or an aqueous solution is sent for cleaning to a self-cleaning filter 17 and, if necessary, to a second filter 19.

The water or aqueous solution treated in the above manner enters the second intermediate chamber 8 with an ultrasonic emitter 9 located inside, where it is sonicated with a frequency of ultrasonic waves of 30-98 kHz and their intensity above 10 ⁵ W / m ² . Fine tuning in frequency and intensity depends on the amount of salts or chemicals dissolved in the treated water or aqueous solution. Ultrasonic emitter 9 operates in resonance mode with substances that require removal from the treated fluid. After intensive ultrasonic treatment, a stream of water or an aqueous solution enters the vortex type cavitator 12, made in the form of a vortex cyclone (analogue of the Rank tube). In the vortex type cavitator 12, the treated water or aqueous solution enters through the inlet nozzle 10, made in the form of an inlet nozzle and a tapering cochlea or nozzle with a tangential fluid supply. Such an inlet provides an intensive rotation of the flow of water or an aqueous solution, which is intensively twisted inside the case of the vortex type cavitator 12. As the rotating stream moves, its rotation speed increases due to the confusion of the case of the vortex type 12 cavitator. In this case, the rotating stream is separated by density and temperature. Effective separation occurs. Heavier particles and decomposed inclusions are discarded to the periphery and along the inner wall of the vortex type cavitator housing 12 enter through the output device 11 into the upper outlet pipe 14 connected to the drain pipe of the first intermediate chamber 7, which is installed below the housing of the first intermediate chamber 7, through a self-cleaning a filter 17 with a shut-off and control valve 16 with a suction line of the feed pump 2 and a supply line of treated water or an aqueous solution to the consumer.

During repeated or repeated treatment of purified water or an aqueous solution supplied from the housing of the cavitation reactor 3 to the suction line of the pump 2, the shut-off and control valves 16 connected to the inlet and outlet of the external tank or reservoir 20 are closed.

When all treated water or an aqueous solution is supplied to the consumer, the shut-off and control valve 16 located on the horizontal pipe to the left of the self-cleaning filter 17 is closed. Shut-off valves 16 located on a horizontal pipe to the right of the self-cleaning filter 17 are open. In this case, all treated water or an aqueous solution, connecting with the stream entering through the second lower outlet pipe 15, is sent to the consumer through the second filter 19.

The advantage of the proposed method for processing water and aqueous solutions in this installation is a high degree of activation of the liquid and the possibility of its high-quality cleaning. The combination of cavitators, additional activators and separators used in the installation in question allows not only to purify water from impurities of mechanical and chemical nature dissolved in it, but also to demineralize and desalinate sea water.

Claims (2)

1. A method of treating water and aqueous solutions, including adjusting the pH by repeatedly successively lowering the pressure of high-pressure water or an aqueous solution when it is recycled to a value at which cavitation occurs, followed by a pressure increase to a value at which cavitation ceases, and filtering, characterized in that the treated water or aqueous solution enters from the feed pump through a filter into a cavitation reactor, in which at least two cavitators of different principles are arranged in series operation, separated by intermediate chambers to introduce the required ingredients, catalysts, surfactants and spend additional activation by exposure to pulsed high voltage electro-discharge and ultrasound with a frequency of ultrasonic waves is not less than 98 kHz and an intensity above 10 ⁵ W / m ² and a preliminary separation treated water or aqueous solution, and the final separation of the treated water or aqueous solution takes place in a vortex type cavitator made in de cyclone. 2. Installation for processing water and aqueous solutions, containing a cavitation reactor with cavitators installed in it, intermediate chambers connected to the inlet and outlet of the cavitation reactor, a feed pump and pipelines, characterized in that the cavitation reactor is made in the form of a tank with a lid with installed inside not less than two series-connected cavitators of various operating principles, separated by intermediate chambers, the first of which, made of a cylindrical shape and mounted isontally with axial placement on the bottom of the ejector for supplying additional ingredients, electrodes are introduced with the possibility of performing a pulsed high-voltage electro-hydraulic discharge with a voltage supply of 35 kV to 50 kV at a pulse frequency of 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz, with a volume of V _{K of the} first intermediate chamber, determined from the relation:
V _K = (G · _H 1000) / 3600f,
where G _N - pump capacity;
f is the pulse frequency of the high voltage arrester,
moreover, the first intermediate chamber is configured to allow water or aqueous solution from the first cavitator to enter the first intermediate chamber tangentially and to drain the water or aqueous solution through a nozzle mounted along the axis of the bottom opposite to the ejector and connected to the entrance to the second intermediate chamber with an ultrasonic an emitter adapted to emit ultrasonic waves with a frequency of at least 98 kHz and an intensity above 10 ⁵ W / m ^2, and cavitator connected to the output of the second n of the interstitial chamber, it is a vortex-type cavitator mounted vertically, containing an input device in the form of a nozzle with a tapering spiral scroll or nozzles with a tangential supply of fluid to the confuser body with a narrowing angle from 0 to 10 °, an output device with an adjustable valve connected by a pipeline to the drainage the tube of the first intermediate chamber and configured to supply water or an aqueous solution through a self-cleaning filter and a shut-off and control valve to the suction line of the feed us ca, and the outlet pipe of the vortex type cavitator attached to the lower end bottom along the axis of the body has a diameter of 0.35-0.40 of the average diameter of the body of the vortex type cavitator, connected to pipelines and shut-off and control valves configured to circulation of the treated water or aqueous solution through the feed pump and the cavitation reactor or through a self-cleaning filter, its direct-flow movement from the inlet tank or reservoir to the receiving tank of the consumer of purified water or aqueous solution.

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