RU2228791C2 - Method of hydrodynamic activation of the raw materials (variants) and installation for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical and petrochemical industries; pulp and paper industry; foodprocessing and other industries. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method of hydrodynamic activation of the raw material (variants) and an installation for its realizations (variants), that maybe used in chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, food-processing and other industries. The technical result consists in expansion of their technological capabilities at the expense of the opportunity of application in many industries and to increase a degree of activation of the raw materials processing and synthesis of new products. The method provides for a dispersion of a mixture of a feed stock with a gas or with a liquid and a gas in a dispersion installation the supplied with Laval's nozzle, in which the gas is fed, admix the gas coming out of Laval's nozzle with a torrent of a feed stock or with a mixture of the feed stock with a liquid, speed up the traffic of the torrent of the produced mixture up to a supersonic speed and realize an impact type and supersonic effect on it. Then the dispersed mixture is directed for the cavitational treatment. The installation contains: Laval's nozzle; a cavitation reactor; a dispersion device, that has a cyclone separator; a chamber for hypersonic treatment and a mixing chamber, in which the exit end of laval nozzle is installed; the second cyclone separator for delivery of the dispersed mixture; an additional Laval's nozzle placed coaxially to the second cyclone separator; a contraction and a hydrodynamic pipe, the inlet end of which is connected to the contraction, and its outlet end is connected to the cavitation reactor. EFFECT: expansion of technological capabilities, opportunity for application in many industries, increased degree of activation of the raw materials processing, synthesis of new products. 6 cl, 1 dwg, 4 ex _

Description

The invention relates to the activation of raw materials by hydrodynamic effects and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, food and other industries with the aim of obtaining any kind of dispersed systems, saturating liquids with gases, obtaining dispersions of sparingly soluble, poorly compatible and stick together substances, and for the synthesis of new products.

A known method of producing liquid products from coal by mixing coal with a solvent and catalyst, subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting suspension, separation of the obtained hydrogenation products in a hot separator into a gas-vapor stream and a liquid-solid phase, supplying a gas-vapor stream to catalytic hydrogenation, followed by separation from the hydrogenation products in the form of a liquid phase solvent recycled for mixing with coal, and the vapor-gas phase of the target products, followed by isolation from it by condensation of the target products uktov and circulating gas, separation from the liquid-solid phase by vacuum evaporation of the distillate and its recycling to the process. The vapor-gas phase is subjected to additional catalytic hydrogenation before isolation of the desired products from it (USSR patent No. 1468427, class C 10 G 1/06, 1989).

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption due to the need for hydrogenation in a hot separator.

A known installation for producing hydrocarbons from coal, including a loading funnel, a preparation chamber with friction elements mounted on the shaft, and a hydrogenation chamber with nozzles for supplying hydrogen connected to a pressure source. The preparatory chamber is connected directly to the hydrogenation chamber and is located in the same housing with it, the hydrogenation chamber is equipped with a rotor with blades located along its axis, a shut-off valve located at its outlet end, and a heat exchange jacket, nozzles for supplying hydrogen are equipped with check valves and are arranged radially and axially between the rotor blades (USSR patent No. 10558508, class C 10 G 1/06, 1983).

The need to supply the installation with a pressure source complicates its design. In addition, this installation cannot be used to activate raw materials and the synthesis of new products in other industries.

Known cavitation reactor for processing the flow of materials, containing a cylindrical body located coaxially inside it, a rotating cavitator, technological pipes, an impeller with a sleeve and blades installed in front of the cavitator, while the impeller blades are mounted on the sleeve with the possibility of rotation around their longitudinal axes (a.c USSR No. 1200967, class B 01 J 19/00, 1985).

The specified cavitation reactor does not provide effective activation of raw materials and the synthesis of new products.

A known method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from coal, including the hydrogenation of coal in the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent. The process is carried out at 400-450 ° C in the presence of calcium hydride, as the hydrogen donor solvent, the hydrocarbon fraction of the brown coal semi-coking resin is used, previously activated by ultrasonic treatment for 7 hours at a power of 5-7 W / cm ² (RF patent No. 2110553, cl. C 10 G 1/06, 1998).

Exposure of the product in an autoclave at 400-450 ° C for 60 minutes and activation of the hydrocarbon fraction of the brown coal semi-coking resin by ultrasonic treatment for 7 hours complicates the method and reduces its productivity.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of hydrodynamic activation of raw materials, comprising dispersing a mixture of ground raw materials with liquid and gas, accelerating the flow of the mixture to supersonic speed, impact on the mixture and cavitation treatment of the dispersed mixture (as USSR No. 1316690, cl. B 01 F 3/22, 1987).

The specified method is implemented using the installation for the hydrodynamic activation of raw materials containing a Laval nozzle to accelerate the mixture of feedstock with liquid and gas to a supersonic speed and a cavitation reactor (AS USSR No. 1316690, class 01 F 3/22, 1987).

The supply of a three-phase mixture to the Laval nozzle does not provide effective activation of the mixture, since the average residence time of the mixture in the shock-wave treatment zone does not exceed 0.2 s.

The indicated method for the hydrodynamic activation of raw materials and the installation for its implementation can only be used for lime activation, have a low degree of activation and do not allow changing the structure of the processed substance and synthesizing new products, which narrows the technological capabilities of this method and installation.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of activation of raw materials and installation for its implementation, allowing you to change the structure and properties of the substances that make up the raw materials, with the possibility of the formation of new products.

The technical result is the expansion of technological capabilities through application in any industries, increasing the degree of activation of raw materials and the synthesis of new products.

To this end, in a method of hydrodynamic activation of a feedstock, comprising dispersing a feed mixture with gas or with liquid and gas by accelerating the flow of the mixture to supersonic speed, impact on the mixture and cavitation treatment of the dispersed mixture, according to the invention, dispersing the feed mixture with gas or liquid and the gas is carried out in a dispersing device provided with a Laval nozzle into which gas is supplied, the gas exiting the Laval nozzle is mixed with the feed stream or mixture and similar raw materials with liquid, accelerate the flow of the mixture to a supersonic speed and carry out shock and ultrasonic action, after which the dispersed mixture is sent to cavitation treatment.

When dispersing a mixture of feedstock with gas or with liquid and gas, a catalyst and a surfactant are added.

In a second embodiment of the method of hydrodynamic activation of a feedstock, comprising dispersing a feed mixture with gas or liquid and gas by accelerating the flow of the mixture to supersonic speed, impact on the mixture and cavitation treatment of the dispersed feed mixture, according to the invention, dispersing the feed feed mixture with gas or liquid and the gas is carried out in a dispersing device provided with a Laval nozzle into which gas is supplied, the gas leaving the Laval nozzle is mixed with the feed stream or mixtures of the feedstock with a liquid, accelerate the flow of the resulting mixture to supersonic speed and perform impact and ultrasound, after which the dispersed mixture is fed tangentially into the second cyclone and, when exiting, it is mixed with the gas supplied through an additional Laval nozzle, and the mixture is accelerated to supersonic speed and carry out the impact in the hydrodynamic pipe, after which the mixture is subjected to cavitation treatment.

When dispersing a mixture of feedstock with liquid and gas, a catalyst and a surfactant are added.

An apparatus for hydrodynamic activation of a feedstock comprising a Laval nozzle and a cavitation reactor according to the invention is equipped with a dispersing device having a cyclone, an ultrasonic treatment chamber and a mixing chamber, in which an output end of the Laval nozzle is installed, the exhaust end of the mixing chamber is connected to the cyclone, and the ultrasonic processing chamber is placed between the cyclone and the cavitation reactor.

The apparatus for hydrodynamic activation of raw materials in accordance with the second embodiment comprises a Laval nozzle and a cavitation reactor, according to the invention it is equipped with a dispersing device having a cyclone, an ultrasonic treatment chamber and a mixing chamber, in which the output end of the Laval nozzle is installed, a second cyclone for feeding the dispersed mixture, additional Laval nozzle placed coaxially to the second cyclone, confuser and hydrodynamic pipe, the inlet end of which is connected to the confuser, and the outlet end to the cavitation nym reactor, the hydrodynamic length pipe is not less than 2 D, where D - diameter of the pipe.

The length of the pipe must be at least two pipe diameters to ensure the required degree of activation of the feedstock. The maximum pipe length is not limited and depends on the type of processed raw materials and the required degree of activation.

The drawing shows a diagram of an installation for hydrodynamic activation of raw materials.

The apparatus for the hydrodynamic activation of raw materials according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises a grinding device 1 for solid raw materials, a unit 2 for mixing the raw materials with a liquid phase, for example, a solvent, a dispersing device 3 having a cyclone 4, an ultrasonic treatment chamber 5 and a mixing chamber 6, in which the outlet end of the Laval nozzle 7, the outlet end of the mixing chamber 6 is connected to the cyclone 4, and the ultrasonic treatment chamber 5 is placed between the cyclone 4 and the cavitation reactor 8.

The apparatus for hydrodynamic activation of raw materials in accordance with the second embodiment contains a grinding device 1 for solid raw materials, if the feedstock is liquid, then the grinding device is not installed, a mixing unit 2 of the feedstock with a liquid phase, a dispersing device 3 having a cyclone 4, an ultrasonic treatment chamber 5 and a mixing chamber 6, in which the output end of the Laval nozzle 7 is mounted, a second cyclone 9 for supplying the dispersed mixture, an additional Laval nozzle 10 placed coaxially with the second cyclone 9, a confuser 11 and a hydrodynamic pipe 12, the inlet end of which is connected to the confuser 11, and the output end to a cavitation reactor 8, while the length of the hydrodynamic pipe 12 is at least 2 D, where D is the diameter of the pipe.

The pumping of the mixture in the dispersing device in each installation option is carried out by the pump 13. To supply the mixture from the hydrodynamic pipe 12 to the cavitation reactor 8, the pump 14 is used. The ultrasonic treatment chamber contains a device for braking the flow (not shown).

The method and operation of the claimed variants of the invention is as follows.

Example 1. To obtain liquid products from coal, the feedstock, for example coal, is crushed, 100 kg of crushed coal are mixed with 150 kg of water or a hydrocarbon solvent. 5 kg of iron oxide-based catalyst are added to the obtained coal suspension and dispersed, feeding the mixture into the mixing chamber 6. Hydrogen is fed into the Laval 7 nozzle 7 under pressure. The gas in the tapering part of the nozzle reaches a subsonic speed, and in the expanding part of the nozzle it is supersonic. When the gas escapes, it mixes with the initial coal mixture with the solvent, the mixture stream is compressed, the mixture leaps up and at a supersonic speed it enters cyclone 4, where it acquires rotational motion and then moves to the ultrasonic treatment chamber 5. When the flow accelerates to supersonic speed, the formation of shock waves. The shock waves formed during the overcoming of the sound barrier mixture by the stream interact with coal particles and further destroy and activate them. In addition, during the passage of the suspension flow through the front of the shock wave, cavitation bubbles are crushed, conditions are created for their collapse and additional cavitation impact on the mixture, since the shock pressure of the cumulative stream at the front of the shock wave is much higher. In the chamber 5, when the mixture moves, layer-by-layer cavitation carpets (gas bubbles) are formed, which, hitting each other, create local microexplosions that contribute to the generation of heat and the generation of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 20-30 thousand Hz. This has an effective dispersing effect on the suspension and causes its activation and hydrogenation. If necessary, the initial mixture is passed through a dispersing device several times. The dispersed and preactivated mixture enters tangentially into the second cyclone 9, rotates, which acquires the character of a vortex flow, and the flow velocity increases. Steam is supplied to the additional Laval nozzle 10, which leaves the nozzle at a supersonic speed. When steam and a vortex flow of a medium are mixed in a confuser 11, a shock in the medium occurs and the mixture moves to a hydrodynamic pipe 12, where it reaches a speed of 10-28 m / s, which for this mixture is supersonic. In this case, additional activation of the medium and its hydrogenation occurs. From the hydrodynamic pipe 12, the medium flow is pumped by pump 14 to the cavitation reactor 8, where air is supplied. As a result of exposure to cavitation, an additional destruction of the structure of the feedstock and hydrodynamic activation occur. The product from the cavitation reactor 8, if necessary, is sent to vacuum distillation to remove excess moisture, filtered and liquid fuel is obtained.

Example 2. To obtain activated carbon, the method is carried out as in example 1, but the dispersion catalyst is not added, and not hydrogen, but air is supplied to the Laval nozzle.

As a result of hydrodynamic activation when exposed to a suspension consisting of crushed coal and water, shock waves, ultrasonic vibrations and cavitation, a change in the crystal structure of coal occurs, the specific surface area of coal particles increases significantly, which means their activity. After filtration, a finished product is obtained - activated carbon.

Example 3. Hydrodynamic activation of milk is carried out, which is pumped 13 to the mixing chamber 6. Steam is supplied to the Laval 7 nozzle 7, which leaves the nozzle at a supersonic speed and is mixed in the chamber 6 with milk. Using the supplied steam, changing its amount and temperature, you can adjust the temperature of the mixture, providing instant heating of milk. During short-term high-temperature (150 ° C) processing of milk, milk is sterilized within a few seconds with the least physical and chemical changes. Shock waves form in the milk / steam mixture stream. The shock waves formed when the milk flows over the sound barrier interact with the particles of fat in the milk and destroy them, activating the product. After ultrasonic treatment in chamber 5, the dispersed milk is sent to a cavitation reactor, at the outlet of which sterilized milk is obtained, the shelf life of which, even under adverse conditions (at temperatures up to 50 ° C), is 1 year without deterioration.

Example 4. The method is carried out as in example 3, but as the starting material, milk powder is used in the form of a powder, which is mixed with water and subjected to shock and ultrasonic treatment, followed by cavitation treatment. As a result of hydrodynamic activation, a product comparable in quality to natural milk is obtained.

Claims (6)

1. The method of hydrodynamic activation of raw materials, comprising dispersing a mixture of feedstock with gas or with liquid and gas by accelerating the flow of the mixture to supersonic speed, impact on the mixture and cavitation treatment of the dispersed mixture, characterized in that the dispersion of the mixture of feedstock with gas or liquid and gas are carried out in a dispersing device equipped with a Laval nozzle, into which gas is supplied, the gas exiting the Laval nozzle is mixed with the flow of feedstock or a mixture of feedstock rye with liquid, accelerate the flow of the resulting mixture to a supersonic speed and carry out shock and ultrasonic action, after which the dispersed mixture is sent to cavitation treatment. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when dispersing a mixture of feedstock with gas or with liquid and gas, a catalyst and a surfactant are added. 3. A method of hydrodynamic activation of a feedstock, comprising dispersing a feed mixture with gas or with liquid and gas by accelerating the flow of the mixture to a supersonic speed, impact on the mixture and cavitation treatment of the dispersed mixture, characterized in that the dispersion of the feed mixture with gas or liquid and gas are carried out in a dispersing device equipped with a Laval nozzle, into which gas is supplied, the gas exiting the Laval nozzle is mixed with the flow of feedstock or a mixture of feedstock rye with a liquid accelerates the flow of the resulting mixture to supersonic speed and performs impact and ultrasound, after which the dispersed mixture is fed tangentially into the second cyclone and, when exiting, it is mixed with the gas supplied through an additional Laval nozzle, accelerate the movement of the mixture to supersonic speed and carry out the impact in the hydrodynamic pipe, and then subject the mixture to cavitation treatment. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when dispersing a mixture of feedstock with gas or with liquid and gas, a catalyst and a surfactant are added. 5. Installation for hydrodynamic activation of raw materials containing a Laval nozzle and a cavitation reactor, characterized in that it is equipped with a dispersing device having a cyclone, an ultrasonic treatment chamber and a mixing chamber, in which the output end of the Laval nozzle is installed, the outlet end of the mixing chamber is connected to the cyclone, and an ultrasonic treatment chamber is placed between the cyclone and the cavitation reactor. 6. Installation for hydrodynamic activation of raw materials containing a Laval nozzle and a cavitation reactor, characterized in that it is equipped with a dispersing device having a cyclone, an ultrasonic treatment chamber and a mixing chamber, in which the output end of the Laval nozzle is installed, a second cyclone for feeding the dispersed mixture, additional Laval nozzle placed coaxially with the second cyclone, confuser and hydrodynamic pipe, the inlet end of which is connected to the confuser, and the outlet end to the cavitation reactor, the length of idrodynamic pipe is at least 2D, where D is the diameter of the pipe.