RU2357791C1 - Rotor hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to devices for creation of flow cavitation with collapse of cavitation bubbles in treated liquid, emulsion, suspension and may be used for mixing of immiscible liquids, preparation of coal-water fuel, fine-dispersed crushing of rocks, rocks for decontamination and sterilisation of treated products, preparation of feeding slops from cereals, etc. Rotor hydraulic cavitation apparatus includes body, driving shaft with fixed rotor, in radial openings of which composite hydrodynamic cavitators are installed from rotor blades to its periphery. In hydrodynamic cavitators there are serially installed circular cylindrical Venturi tubes, resonating chambers, circular cylindrical Venturi tubes, quick-expanding Borda mouthpieces that create four sections of cavitation bubbles generation. Invention provides for increased efficiency of apparatus due to continuous creation of cavitation bubbles with their collapse in treated liquid to protect apparatus parts against hard effect in case of their collapse.

EFFECT: apparatus is simple in design and repair and may be used in machine building enterprise.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the formation of flow cavitation for finely dispersed emulsification, dispersion and mixing in liquid-liquid, liquid-solid systems. It can be used in the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, engineering, mining and other industries, as well as for the preparation of disinfected feed for farm animals. In order to increase the productivity of the apparatus, as well as to increase the quantitative formation of cavitation bubbles in the rotor of the apparatus, continuous, in contrast to rotary-pulse apparatuses, step-by-step formation of cavitation bubbles, “collapse”, the disappearance of which is envisaged in the processed liquid, suspension is provided.

A device is known, a multi-stage rotary-pulse apparatus, Russian patent No. 2206380, in which at the rotor with through holes on both sides there are two stators with radial grooves. The rotor holes and stator slots form steps of rotor-pulsating pairs.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- intermittent movement of the processed fluid along the steps of the apparatus, which prevents the formation of a large number of cavitation bubbles.

A device, a rotary-pulse apparatus, certificate of authorship No. 829155, designed to conduct heterogeneous processes, the intensification of which is achieved by alternating rotors and stators equipped with slots, in which the distance between the rotor and the stator is a multiple of the half-wave of excited oscillations, is known. This arrangement of the rotor and stator contributes to the formation of a standing wave with developed acoustic currents.

The disadvantages of the known device is the pulsed oscillation in the medium being processed.

A device is known, the patent of Russia No. 2174045, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet openings and forming a working chamber in which the stator and rotor are located on the drive shaft. The stator and rotor consist of disks mounted alternately along the axis of symmetry of the working chamber in the direction of the exit exit, the first rotor disk being provided with radial blades from the input, the second rotor disk located between the stator disks with radial slots and blades, one in the form of a wedge, the second - in the form of a parallelepiped.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the complexity of the device;

- the ability to process only the liquid-liquid system.

A device of the Russian patent No. 2040962 is known for grinding granular materials in the process of dispersing suspensions, comprising a housing inside which the rotor and stator are concentrically mounted with channels in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The stator is made in the form of a nozzle apparatus with nozzles tapering in the direction of fluid movement, and the rotor is made in the form of a centrifugal impeller and a peripheral activator ring with a system of channels whose axes are perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the stator holes are made tapering, which only leads to acceleration of the liquid mass formation of cavitation bubbles;

- the execution of the rotor holes at an angle of 90-120 ° to the stator holes leads to shock grinding of the grains of the crushed material and also does not contribute to the formation of a large number of cavitation bubbles in the rotor.

A device, a cavitation reactor, copyright certificate No. 1694196, which relates to mixing in cavitation reactors, containing a cylindrical body with inlet and outlet pipes, the rotor of which is made in the form of a disk with wedge-shaped cavitators fixed to it, is known. During the rotation of the rotor behind cavitators, cavity bubbles are formed, in the tail part of which cavitation bubbles collapse. The original placement of cavitators allows you to use them for pumping the processed fluid.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- weak formation of cavitation bubbles;

- lack of guarantee that all processed fluid is subjected to cavitation treatment.

A device, mixer, patent of Russia No. 2234974, which relates to devices for mixing and suspending materials in liquids, is known. The mixer contains a housing with reflective strips mounted on its inner surface. A disk rotor is fixed on a vertical shaft, on the upper peripheral surface of which confusers are installed, with a large section facing the direction of rotation. The disk rotor on the radial periphery has a shoulder, the height of which is equal to the larger diameter of the confuser.

The known device operates as follows: the initial mixture containing solid particles and liquid is supplied to the center of the rotating rotor and under the action of centrifugal force the mixture is discarded to confusers. Having dispersed in the confusers, the mixture of particles and liquid hits the surface of the reflective bars.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- incorrect, from the point of view of using centrifugal force, location of confusers. The radial arrangement of confusers: a large diameter to the center, and a small one to the periphery of the disk, would greatly improve the efficiency of the device;

- if you make a plan of the speeds of the mixture emerging from the small diameter of the confuser, it is clear that the radial component, which should hit the jet into the reflective strips, is small. Most likely, the suspension will hit the suspension located between the rotor and the housing, which ensures mixing with simultaneous dispersion.

A device, a pump-heat generator, (prototype), Russian patent No. 94029725, intended for direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy, including a hollow body with a suction pipe for supplying a heated and discharge pipe for removing heated fluid, is cantilever suspended inside the housing on the shaft of the rotation drive hollow rotor. The rotors in the known device are made in the form of:

a) blades equipped in the peripheral part with channels (pockets) located behind each blade;

b) channels are made in the rotor, in the peripheral part of which there are recesses (pockets), open ends directed in the direction of rotation.

Positive in the known device is that an attempt has been made to create an effective device, all of which processes for heating the liquid proceed in the rotor.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- insufficiently effective form, from the point of view of the formation of hydrodynamic cavitation, the shape of the holes made in the form of rectilinear channels, in the peripheral part of which there are recesses (pockets) that cause fluid oscillations;

- in the design of the rotor with arched channels, although the internal hydraulic resistance is reduced and the operational reliability of the device is increased, this is done to reduce the risk of cavitation.

Disclosure of the invention.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to create a simple, repairable, efficient and universal device in which the process of formation of cavitation bubbles is continuously and in large quantities, which “collapse” occurs in the treated fluid, suspension, etc.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a device in which, as a result of continuous and mass formation of cavitation bubbles and the creation of conditions for their "collapse" in the treated liquid or suspension, accelerated heating of the liquid or suspension, the destruction of pathogenic microflora, the creation of stable emulsions, fine grinding of solids in liquids etc.

Further, the invention is illustrated by a detailed description of the designs of a rotary hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus, the procedure for its operation with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

Figure 1 shows the inventive rotary hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus in longitudinal section, including:

apparatus body 1;

drive shaft 2;

hydrodynamic cavitators 3;

suction cavity 4.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the inventive device, including:

rotor blades 5;

armor protection of the hull 6;

excess pressure regulator 7;

rotor housing 8.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a hydrodynamic cavitator, including:

rotor housing 8;

Venturi round cylindrical nozzles 9, 11;

a resonating chamber 10;

the suddenly expanding nozzles of Bord 12;

ring whirlpool zones A, B, formed in the venturi nozzles;

annular whirlpool zone of the resonating chamber B;

annular whirlpool zone nozzle Borda G;

d _o - the inner diameter of the venturi nozzle;

d _to - the inner diameter of the resonating chamber and the nozzle Board;

l _o = l is the length of the venturi nozzle;

l _to - the length of the resonating chamber;

l _vp is the length of the suddenly expanding nozzle of the Board;

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the inventive device, including; the apparatus case 1, on the drive shaft 2, a rotor 8 is fixed, in the radial holes of which from the blades of the rotor 5, prefabricated hydrodynamic cavitators 3 are installed to the periphery of the rotor. On the inner surface of the case, ribbed armor protection 6 is installed.

A suction cavity is located in the apparatus housing from the side of the drive unit, and an overpressure regulator 7 is installed on the outlet pipe. Hydrodynamic cavitators include Venturi round cylindrical nozzles 9, 11, resonating chambers 10, and Borda suddenly expanding nozzles. The rotor blades 5, mounted at an angle to the radius, are designed to communicate the fluid being processed or the suspension of the kinetic inertia force and directing it to the hydrodynamic cavitators 3. The armor protection of the casing 6 is designed to protect the casing from the impact of “cooling” navigation bubbles that did not manage to close in the processed fluid . The number of installed hydrodynamic cavitators depends on the size of the rotor and is determined from the strength conditions of the rotor. The diameters of the parts and their length are in a certain relationship with each other and depend on the performance of the claimed apparatus.

The rotary hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus operates as follows.

The drive shaft 2, with the rotor 8 mounted on it, is installed in the housing 1, receiving the rotational energy of the rotor blades 5 from any drive (electric motor, internal combustion engine, wind turbine, etc.), pumps the liquid or suspension from the suction cavity 4, transfers it particles kinetic energy and discards it in the radial direction to the inlet holes of the hydrodynamic cavitators 3. The inlet holes of the hydrodynamic cavitators are made as a sudden narrowing of the pipeline. (T.M. Bashta "Engineering Hydraulics". M., "Engineering." - 1971, p. 82). The liquid passing by the rectangular edge of the inlet, due to the inertia forces of the liquid particles, is compressed in the round-cylinder nozzle Venturi 9, with the formation of an annular whirlpool zone - A. Then the stream of the processed liquid expands and fills the entire nozzle.

The whirlpool zone A itself, as well as the transit stream, within this region is characterized by the presence of vacuum, which means that the first section of the formation of cavitation bubbles is created.

Under the action of inertia, the mixture of liquid and cavitation bubbles is sent to the resonating chamber 10. Passing through the resonating chamber 10, the transit stream of liquid forms a second annular whirlpool zone - B.

The interface in the resonating chamber is not clearly defined. It is unsteady and unstable. Periodically, this surface receives local curvature, which, falling into the transit stream, is carried away by it. The interface is again restored so that in subsequent moments it again disintegrates, causing pulsation of velocities, pulses of vacuum and pressure. This is the second site of formation of cavitation bubbles.

Further, the liquid transit stream gets a round-cylinder Venturi nozzle 11, the operation of which is similar to nozzle-9, in which an annular whirlpool zone is formed B. This is the third sequentially located site for the formation of cavitation bubbles. The liquid transit stream, which has passed through three sections of saturation with cavitation bubbles, enters the suddenly expanding nozzles of Borda 12, in which the fourth section with reduced pressure forms, the whirlpool - G.

Of the Borda nozzles - 12, a mixture of liquid and cavitation bubbles flies at a high speed into the layer of the processed fluid located between the rotor 8 and the armor protection of the case - 6, the pressure of which is maintained by the overpressure regulator.

The presence of excess pressure, as well as the ribbed surface of the armored disk, contribute to intensive “collapse” - the disappearance of navigation bubbles, accompanied by a sharp increase in temperatures to 2000 ° C and pressures of 10,000 kg / cm ² , the appearance of shock waves, providing emulsification, disinfection of liquids and dispersion of solids.

As parts of hydrodynamic cavitators wear out from abrasive wear and cavitation density decreases, they are replaced with new ones.

The length of the Venturi nozzles is selected according to the recommendation (P.P. Chugaev, “Hydraulics”, M. Energia. Leningrad Branch 1971, p. 310).

(3,5 ÷ 4) d _o ≤l _o = l1≤ (6 ÷ 7) d _o ,

Where

l _o and l ₁ - the length of the venturi nozzles;

d _o - the diameter of the holes in the nozzle.

The length of the resonance chamber and its diameter are determined experimentally and are equal to:

d _k = l _k1 = 3d _o

The diameter of the suddenly expanding Bord nozzle is assumed to be the same with the diameter of the resonant chamber, and its length l _vp = 5d _{o is} determined experimentally.

Example No. 1. Preparation of coal-water fuel.

Initial products: water 40%, coal fraction 0-10 microns.

As a result of processing, a jelly-like thixotropic mass was obtained, the particle size of coal in which was:

up to 200 microns - 1.5%

from 200 to 100 microns - 12%

from 100 to 70 microns - 15%

the rest is <70 μm 71.5%.

The emulsion did not exfoliate for 2 years. Energy costs for preparing 1 ton of product are 15-17 kW.

Example No. 2. Disinfection of drinking water.

With a 2-fold passage through the water apparatus, 85% of bacteria died.

After 4-5 times passing through the apparatus 100%.

Example No. 3. "Wet" grinding of grain in water.

In order to prepare feed for pigs.

Source Products: wheat grain 1 part water 2 parts

After 10 minutes of processing, a jelly-like mass was obtained, heated to 70 ° С, which continued to thicken and gelatinize. In an open container in a pig farm, the food is not sour.

Thus, the inventive rotary hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus can find application for grinding coal and rocks, the preparation of various fuels, emulsions, including from immiscible liquids, to pasteurize, sterilize and disinfect colloidal mixtures during cavitation processing.

The manufacture of cylindrical channels in the rotor, into which the details of the hydrodynamic cavitator are made, made of high-strength and abrasion-resistant parts, makes repairing the flow part of the rotor a simple operation and leads to an increase in the service life of the unit.

The invention can be carried out at any engineering enterprise.

Information sources

1. Russian Patent No. 2306380, B01F 7/00, 2003

2. Copyright certificate No. 829155, B01F 7/28, 1981

3. Patent of Russia No. 2174045, B01F 7/00, 11/02, 2001

4. Patent of Russia No. 2040962, B01F 7/00, 1997

5. Copyright certificate No. 1694196, B01F 7/16, 1991

6. Patent of Russia No. 2234974, B01F 7/26, 5/16, B28C 5/16, 2004

7. Patent of Russia No. 94029725, F24J 3/00.

8. T. M. Bashta "Engineering Hydraulics". M.: Engineering, 1971, p. 44 ... 49, 78 ... 91, 115 ... 117.

9. P.P. Chugaev "Hydraulics", M .: Energy. Leningrad branch of 1971, p. 14 ... 15, 134 ... 143, 298 ... 313.

Claims (1)

Hydraulic rotary cavitation apparatus, comprising a housing, a drive shaft with a rotor mounted on it, in the radial openings of which from the rotor blades to its periphery prefabricated hydrodynamic cavitators are installed, ribbed armor protection is located on the inner surface of the stator, and an overpressure regulator is located on the outlet pipe, characterized in that in the hydrodynamic cavitators are sequentially located round-cylinder venturi nozzles, resonating chambers, round-cylinder venturi nozzles, nezapno expandable nozzle Borda forming four sections formation of cavitation bubbles.

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