RU2433873C1 - Rotor universal cavitation generator-disperser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for generation of oscillations in a flow liquid medium and may be used in chemical, oil, machine-building, food industries, agriculture, to prepare high-quality fodders and good digestibility, and also to decontaminate various wastes. The design of the generator-disperser must ensure cantilever arrangement on the electric motor shaft, also with intermediate bearing supports. In the rotor universal cavitation generator-disperser, comprising a fixed body with a cylindrical cavity, and a cylindrical rotor or a blade rotor arranged with displacement in the cavity, which is rigidly installed on a driving shaft with the possibility of rotation, a cover, a separating disc, suction and injection holes, at the periphery of the cylindrical or blade rotor there are Levavasseur radiators arranged, sharp edges of which are sharpened at the angle of 30°, or blade rotors, at the peripheral ends of which there are wedge-like lugs, or a blade rotor with straight blades.

EFFECT: development of a universal design of a cavitation generator-disperser with various tools, adapted to implement various technologies, and also operating for a long time and with high efficiency under conditions of abrasive and cavitation wear.

6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a device for generating oscillations in a flowing liquid medium and can be used in the chemical, oil, engineering, food industries, agriculture for the preparation of high quality feed and good digestibility and disinfection of various wastes, for the preparation of food products in extreme conditions.

The patent “SU” (No. 1694196 dated November 30, 1991) for a “cavitation reactor” is known, which comprises a cylindrical body with inlet and outlet pipes, inside which a shaft and cavitators are made, made in the form of wedge-shaped blades placed on the end surface of the disk. In this case, the cavitator surfaces that are front in the direction of rotation are located on the surface corresponding to the working surface of the centrifugal pump blade. During the operation of the reactor, bubble caverns are formed in the tail of the blades, which break away from the blades and “collapse” in the mixed material, resulting in intense pressure pulsations in local microregions (up to 10 ² -10 ³ MPa).

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

- insufficiently intensive formation of cavitation bubbles;

- the absence of zones of high pressure in which guaranteed intensive collapse of cavitation bubbles would occur.

The invention is known (copyright certificate No. 1586759 of 08/10/1996) “a rotary apparatus of hydrodynamic action”, comprising a housing inside which a rotor with concentric channels and blades are concentrically mounted, and a stator with holes in the side walls, and the rotor channels are smoothly curved and located azimuthally to the axis of the rotor, while the walls of the channels are made in the form of resonators and are placed stepwise between the blades. A prepared homogeneous suspension, for example, consisting of slag and water in a ratio of 1: 2, through the inlet pipe enters the free space of the rotor. With the help of protruding curved blades, the suspension accelerates and contributes to a better distribution of the heterogeneous hydrodynamic flow. Channels are tuned to different frequencies. As the hydrodynamic flow moves along the channels of the rotor, its speed increases, reaching a maximum at the exit of the rotor. Periodic, repeated overlapping of the rotor channels with stator bridges creates high gradient pressure pulses, the amplitude of which is significantly amplified in the stator channels. The resulting pressure is transferred to the solid particles of the crushed material.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the rotor channels are not made in accordance with the laws of hydrodynamic cavitation, the narrowing holes of the rotor correspond little to the problems of the occurrence of cavitation bubbles in the rotor;

- the shape of the stator holes could be suddenly expanding;

- the concentric arrangement of the rotor and stator does not contribute to the stable operation of the apparatus, as the gap between the rotor and stator increases, from abrasive and cavitation wear, the grinding efficiency drops sharply.

The invention is known (Russian patent No. 2261621 of 10.10.2005) "Method for the preparation of feed and installation for its implementation", including a chamber with inlet and outlet nozzles, in which a stator and rotor are connected to the drive, input and output nozzles, and the rotor equipped with large tangentially evenly spaced blades dividing it into sectors in which small curved radial blades are located on the periphery, both large and small blades have different heights, increasing from the center of the rotor its periphery, and form channels of variable section, and the stator is provided with channels in the form of nozzles which are arranged radially and uniformly around its circumference.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the shape of the channels could be in the form of Venturi nozzles in order to create a whirlpool zone with reduced pressure in each channel, where the cavitation bubbles formed in large numbers would be coiled during the blocking of the rotor channel by the stator partition;

- the shape of the stator channels, from the point of view of hydrodynamic cavitation, could be in the form of nozzles of the Board (Chugaev P.P. Hydraulics, 1971. - S.135-136, 307-311);

- the concentric arrangement of the rotor and stator does not contribute to the stable and continuous operation of the installation, since an increase in the gap between the rotor and the stator from abrasive and cavitation wear contributes to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of grain grinding, heating of the feed, and most importantly, a decrease in cavitation disinfection of the feed.

The invention is known (Russian patent No. 2185898 dated 07/27/2002) “Device for physicochemical processing of liquid media”, containing an axially located rotor and stator having holes on the working surfaces. A removable sleeve is installed between the cylindrical part of the rotor and the inner surface of the housing, which forms a sliding bearing, in contact with the end part of the stator, the clamped cover, while the rotor is endowed with additional holes. (Prototype).

Advantage of the invention:

- the axial location of the holes in the rotor and stator, which allows you to adjust the gap between the rotor and the stator as you wear, and it is also possible to automatically adjust the specified gap.

The disadvantages of the invention:

- the device is intended for physico-chemical treatment of only liquid media;

- the shape of the holes responsible for the occurrence of cavitation bubbles is not reflected;

- the gap between the rotor and the stator is regulated by the length of the spacer sleeve, which should decrease as the wear surfaces.

The invention is known (Russian patent No. 2203738 dated 05/10/2003) “Method for grinding refractory ores and a cavitation dispersant for its implementation”.

A cavitation dispersant containing a housing, inside of which a rotor and a stator are installed with slots in the side walls and a working chamber, equipped with resonators adjustable in frequency of oscillations, fixed in the working chamber coaxially with the stator slots. The slots in the rotor are made in the form of subsonic nozzles, tapering towards the stator, and the stator slots are made expanding towards the body and have concave surfaces, while the number of slots in the rotor and stator is not the same.

Advantage of the invention:

- the possibility of using resonant vibrations for grinding rocks.

The disadvantages of the invention:

- the concentric arrangement of the ends of the rotor and stator contributes to a rapid increase in the gap between them, which leads to a decrease in cavitation processes, a decrease in pressure from water hammer, and, therefore, a decrease in the efficiency of the dispersant;

- the installation of the resonators in the chamber under conditions of water hammer and the flow of highly abrasive flow through the chambers of the resonators contributes to their increased wear. This design is only suitable for laboratory installations;

- subsonic nozzle profiles are designed for the flow of gaseous media, and not rock pulps;

- the complexity and low efficiency of the shape of the holes of the rotor and stator, in terms of the formation of hydrodynamic cavitation.

The invention is known (Russian patent No. 2096694 dated 11/20/1997) "Jet heat generator" (prototype), containing an inlet nozzle and an outlet pipe, a heating chamber, a cylindrical mixing chamber. Moreover, the heating chamber is made in the form of a “torus” formed by the inlet and outlet bowls communicated respectively with the inlet nozzle and outlet nozzle. A cone of additional resistance is installed in the output bowl.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

- most of the fluid flow passes through the heat generator in transit without participating in the conversion of the kinetic energy of the liquid jet into thermal energy;

- for the operation of the heat generator it is necessary to have a pump for pumping liquid through the heat generator;

- the inability to disperse liquids with a low content of solids due to blunting of sharp edges and reducing the efficiency of the heat generator.

The invention is known (Russian patent No. 2336470 dated 10/20/2008) "Shock-vortex type heat generator" containing an inlet nozzle, cups with one and a half cavities, a mixing and separation chamber, diffusers. In addition, the heat generator is equipped with an additional inlet nozzle located opposite the first and separated from it by a separation and mixing chamber connected with one and a half cavities by rectangular windows.

In the input nozzles and one and a half cavities, swirlers with the opposite direction of twisting are installed. Two diffusers are placed on a common axis, on one of the bowls with a 90 ° offset relative to swirlers installed in one and a half cavities, and connected to one and a half cavities.

Installation in one and a half cavities at the outlet of the separation and mixing chamber of the swirls according to the principle described above is due to the same reasons. Upon exiting from both sides of the separation and mixing chamber, oncoming spiral-shaped multidirectional flows are formed, during the shock collision of which the liquid is heated effectively.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

- for the operation of the heat generator it is necessary to have a pump that would supply fluid to the nozzles and pump the fluid through the heating system;

- the heating of the liquid is mainly due to the collision of two oppositely swirling flows, and not due to the organization of the formation and "collapse" of cavitation bubbles.

The invention is known cavitation reactor (Russian patent No. 2377475 from 12/27/2009), containing a housing having a cavity structure with nozzles for supplying and discharging liquid. Placed in the cavity structure of the housing parallel to the stator and rotor have holes that are compatible with the rotation of the rotor for fluid passage, the stator is connected to the housing, and the rotor is made in the form of a centrifugal wheel and is mounted on a rotating shaft. In addition, an oblique washer is installed on the rotor shaft, which has the ability to change the inclination relative to the vertical plane.

The generation of thermal energy in a cavitation reactor occurs due to the pulsation of the liquid in the holes of the rotor and stator, as well as due to the oscillations of the oblique washer in the heated fluid.

The disadvantages of the known cavitation reactor are:

- in a cavitation reactor, a lot of effort is spent on the formation of cavitation bubbles, in which some progress has been achieved, but the second phase of the life of cavitation bubbles - “collapse” - proceeds sluggishly, without organizing sharp bursts of pressure, which ensure guaranteed and intense collapse of cavitation bubbles with shock waves from casts pressure and temperature spikes at the points of their disappearance;

- cavitation reactor, according to its design, is intended only for heating the liquid.

A known generator of cavitation processes (Russian patent No. 2354461 dated 05/10/2009), including a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, is located inside the housing of the rotor in the form of a disk with working blades mounted in the radial direction. In addition, arcuate recesses are made on the cylindrical surface of the rotor, and the rotor blades are made in the form of spring-loaded plates placed in cups that are installed in radially directed slots of the rotor disk.

The generator housing is presented in the form of a casing, the walls of which are made with alternating cylindrical and straight surfaces, forming with the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor disk a working chamber with sections different in length of the chamber. Power emitters are installed in the boundary zone of the straight and cylindrical surfaces of the housing.

The disadvantages of the known generator of cavitation processes are:

- the shape of the housing surfaces embedded in the design is such that each rotor blade in one revolution must pass 4 sections with a cylindrical surface and 4 sections with arcuate recesses, and the spring located under the blade should allow the blade to pass this complex profile. When the rotor rotates with a speed of 1440 rpm, the rotor must do 24 rpm in one second, and since the blade must overcome 4 arcuate grooves in one revolution, the number of plate vibrations will be: 24 rpm * 4 = 96 vibrations / c = 96 Hz.

And if you take into account that each blade still collides with the blocker, then another 24 oscillations of the blade will be added: 96 + 24 = 120 vibrations per second, which is possible in the presence of inertialess rotor blades;

- the presence of power emitters in the form of spark plugs, which seem to initiate the Yutkin effect in the liquid, will require the presence of high-voltage equipment, as well as unprecedented safety measures when servicing this generator. The saddest thing is that the energy spent on the formation of cavitation in the Yutkin effect is an order of magnitude higher than, for example, in hydrodynamic cavitation.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the creation of a universal rotary cavitation dispersant generator, in which the processed liquid, feed suspension, bones of birds and animals in water, the prepared bread dough was pumped independently, and the design of the dispersant generator would allow to install it in one and the same high-strength housing rotors, covers, spacer discs of various designs in order to obtain the maximum effect on heating the liquid or to obtain emulsions, for cavitation preparation of liquid feeds from whole grains or preparation of bread dough, bypassing the flour phase, for cavitation grinding of bones and preparation of bone meal from crushed to 0-10 mm bones of animals, birds, fish, cavitation disinfection of all processed products.

The technical result that can be obtained as a result of the implementation of the invention:

- the universal design of the cavitation generator-dispersant with various working bodies adapted for the implementation of various technologies, as well as long-term and high-performance working in conditions of abrasive-cavitation wear;

- the design of the dispersant generator should include both a console version on the motor shaft, and with intermediate bearing bearings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in all versions of the universal cavitation dispersant generator, all known properties of hydrodynamic cavitation are used, including the creation of conditions for the formation of cavitation bubbles and their subsequent collapse, including the separation of the cavitation treatment zone into three zones:

- zones of reduced pressure;

- areas of high pressure;

- discharge zones.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator containing a fixed housing with a cylindrical cavity and located with offset in this cavity a cylindrical rotor or rotor blade, which is rigidly mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of rotation, a cover, a spacer disk , suction and discharge openings, on the periphery of a cylindrical or vane rotor are Levavasser emitters, the sharp edges of which are sharpened at an angle of 30 °, or pasta rotors, at the peripheral ends of which there are wedge-shaped tides, or a blade rotor with straight blades.

A round (cylindrical) rotor equipped with Levavasser emitters has pumping channels.

What is new is that blade rotors can be made with straight blades, with blades equipped on the peripheral part of the Levavasser emitters, with one wedge-shaped tide on the periphery of the blade, with two wedge-shaped tides on the periphery of the blade and a lateral stiffener.

Technical solutions with features that distinguish the claimed solutions from prototypes are not known from publicly available sources of information and do not follow explicitly from the prior art.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG.1 shows a longitudinal section of a universal rotary cavitation generator-dispersant console design, including:

1 - housing generator-dispersant;

2 - a cover;

3 - rotor;

4 - electric motor;

5 - a separation disk;

FIG.2 shows a longitudinal section of a dispersant generator with intermediate bearing bearings, including:

1 - housing generator-dispersant;

2 - a cover;

3 - rotor;

5 - a separation disk;

FIG.3 shows a blade rotor - 3, equipped at the peripheral ends of the blades with ultrasonic emitters Levavasser;

FIG. 4 shows a blade rotor - 3 with straight blades;

FIG.5 shows the rotor - 3, equipped on the periphery of the blades with two wedge-shaped tides and a stiffener;

FIG.6 shows the rotor - 3 with one wedge-shaped tide at the peripheral ends of the blades;

FIG.7 shows a sectional section of the rotor - 3 with Levavasser emitters - 6 of different tonality, located on the periphery of the rotor and equipped with pumping channels - 7, connecting individual emitters with a suction cavity and rods in the centers of the emitters;

FIG.8 shows sections of ultrasonic emitters Levavasser a) without a rod, b) with a rod and the designation of the zones inside the emitters:

A - mixing zone of the liquid,

B - high pressure zone,

C - zone of reduced pressure;

FIG.9 shows a separation disk - 5 with inlet and outlet openings.

The essence of cavitation is as follows:

a) in the life of a cavitation bubble, two phases are distinguished - expansion and collapse, which together form a complete thermodynamic cycle;

b) when the processed suspension or liquid passes through the dispersant generator, in the structurally designed places of which there are low and high pressure zones in which the suspension or liquid is subjected to sharp alternating loads.

When the pressure decreases in the zone of reduced pressure, below the pressure of saturated water vapor (depending on pressure and temperature), many cavitation bubbles intensively form in the suspension or liquid.

When the suspension or liquid moves to the zone of increased pressure, cavitation bubbles disappear and cools, at the disappearance points of which, as you know, local zones with high temperatures and pressures arise.

The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator consists of a fixed housing - 1, divided in half by a vertical partition into the input and output cavities, inside of which a rotor is located on the drive shaft of the electric motor - 4 or a shaft with bearing groups (bladed or circular cylindrical with Levavasser emitters) - 3 The case is closed by a cover - 2 (continuous for blade rotors and equipped with an inlet pipe for a cylindrical rotor with Levavasser radiators). On the other side of the rotor there is a separation disk - 5 (with inlet and outlet openings for rotor blades and only with an outlet for a circular cylindrical rotor with Levavasser emitters).

The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator operates as follows:

A) a variant with a rotor rotor, a mixture of water and whole grains, water and bones of animals, birds and fish crushed to 0-10 mm, through the inlet pipe enters the inlet cavity of the housing - 1, and then through the inlet in the separation disk - 5 enters to the parts of the rotor blades of the rotor blades nearest to the rotation axis - 3. After turning on the electric motor - 4, the torque is transmitted through the shaft to the rotor - 3, placed between the cover - 2 and the separation disk - 5. Under the action of centrifugal force, the mixture is discarded to the periphery of the blades, i.e. to the inner surface of the cover - 2. Behind the back of the rotor blade - 3 there is a zone of low pressure and the formation of cavitation bubbles.

Considering that the rotor is displaced upward relative to the center of the cover - 2 and the separation disk - 3, the upper part of the rotor blades passes with a small gap past the inner surface of the cover - 2, and there is a large space between the cover and the rotor blades in the lower part.

The mixture, carried away by the rotor blades, rushes along the surface of the lid and enters the space between the rotor blades under the action of hydrocline. A sharp increase in pressure between the blades in the area of the outlet facilitates the collapse of cavitation bubbles and displaces part of the mixture into the outlet of the separation disk - 5, then into the outlet cavity (discharge zone), and then into the outlet pipe. Next, the cycles are repeated until the products or bones are ground, emulsions are created, or the liquid is heated to a predetermined temperature;

B) a variant with a cylindrical rotor equipped with Levavasser ultrasonic emitters.

During rotation of the rotor section - 3 sharp edges of the Levavasser emitter with an edge sharpening angle of 30 °, run onto the liquid at high speed, they form a "wedge tone", which forms vortices diverging in two directions, some go into the liquid between the cover - 2 and a rotor section, others are directed inside the emitter. The fluid flow swirling at high speed forms three zones inside the emitter:

- zone of reduced pressure - C;

- high pressure zone - B;

- liquid mixing zone - A.

Passing at high speed through zone C, cavitation bubbles and caverns are formed in the liquid, which disappear and “collapse” in zone B.

Moving from zone B to zone A, the liquid is compacted due to the disappearance of cavitation cavities, bubbles and discontinuities and past the opposite from the sharpened edge of the emitter at an angle of 90 ° to the liquid flowing onto the edge, thereby contributing to the amplification of ultrasonic cavitation oscillations in the liquid between the rotor and the housing . With the "collapse" of the disappearance of the cavitation bubble, temperatures up to 2000 ° C and pressures up to 25000 kg / cm ² occur. This is the main factor ensuring the heating of the liquid.

From many years of practice, it has become clear that different technologies require different designs of rotors. For example:

FIG. 3 - a blade rotor equipped at the peripheral ends of the blades with Levavasser emitters, is most suitable for creating water-oil emulsions, for preparing oil-water emulsions, as well as for creating uniform emulsions from flooded oil spills;

FIGURE 4 - rotor blade with straight blades, most suitable for the preparation of liquid feed from cereals, bypassing the stage of feed;

FIGURE 5 - a blade rotor with two wedge-shaped tides at the peripheral ends of the blades and a lateral stiffener is used to prepare bread dough from grain, bypassing the flour phase, due to the high pressures necessary for pumping thick dough;

FIG.6 - blade rotor with one wedge-shaped tide at the peripheral ends of the blades is intended for the preparation of meat and bone paste from the bones of animals, birds and fish;

FIG.7 is a cylindrical rotor with Levavasser emitters of various tonality, equipped with pumping channels, as a self-contained cavitation fluid heater, capable of simultaneously pumping fluid through a heating system.

The implementation of heating the liquid, preparing liquid animal feed, bread dough, preparing meat and bone paste from the bones of animals, birds and fish, water-oil or oil emulsions, etc. is verified in actual examples and finds its consumers.

The design of the rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator is quite simple and can be made at any engineering enterprise.

Information sources

1) Patent "SU" No. 1694196 dated November 30, 1991

2) Copyright certificate No. 1586759 of 08/10/1996

3) Patent of Russia No. 2261621 dated 10.10.2005

4) Patent of Russia No. 2185898 dated July 27, 2002.

5) Patent of Russia No. 2203738 dated 05/10/2003.

6) Patent of Russia No. 2096694 dated November 20, 1997.

7) Patent of Russia No. 2336470 dated 10.20.2008.

8) Russian Patent No. 2377475 dated 12/27/2009

9) Patent of Russia No. 2354461 dated 05/10/2009.

10) Chugaev P.P. Hydraulics, 1971. - S. 135-136, 307-311.

11) Piersol I. Cavitation. - M.: Mir, 1975 .-- S.9-14, 69-72.

12) Bashta T.M. Engineering hydraulics. Mechanical Engineering, 1971. - P.44-49.

Claims (6)

1. Rotary, universal, cavitation generator-dispersant, comprising a fixed housing with input and output cavities and located between the cover and the separation disk rotor, which is rigidly mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of rotation, input and output holes, characterized in that the rotor can be blade and round cylindrical, on the periphery of which are Levavasser emitters, the sharp edges of which are sharpened at an angle of 30 °. 2. The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades on the periphery are equipped with Levavasser emitters. 3. The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades are made straight. 4. The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral ends of the blades are equipped with two wedge-shaped tides and a stiffener. 5. The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral ends of the rotor blades are equipped with one wedge-shaped tide. 6. The rotary, universal, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical rotor is equipped on the periphery with Levavasser emitters, the inlet cavity is connected by channels to the Levavasser emitters, the lid is equipped with an inlet, and the separation disk has only an outlet.

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