RU2328449C2 - Method and device for disinfecting drinking and sewage water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to methods of disinfecting drinking and sewage water without use of chemical reagents, such as chlorine, fluorine, ozone, and can be used in treatment of water in household and industrial systems, as well as disinfection of sewage water. Pressure in the water is increased to 15 kg/cm², the water is kept under high pressure, and then the pressure is instantly lowered until rarefaction. The device consists of a high pressure pump, connected to a receiver pipe. The receiver is connected by a pipe to the device for instant lowering of pressure, fixed to a storage container. The device for instant lowering of pressure is made in form of a circular cylindrical venturi tube, abruptly ending with a Borda mouthpiece.

EFFECT: provision for explosive destruction of all pathogenic microflora after a single passage through the device.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to methods for the disinfection of drinking and wastewater without the use of chemicals, such as chlorine, fluorine, ozone, and can be used in the preparation of water in drinking water and industrial systems, in the chemical and pharmaceutical, food and meat processing, medical and other industries.

Many infectious diseases are transmitted by water - when using water for drinking and cooking while bathing, and even when inhaling water aerosols containing pathogens.

Existing water treatment technologies at waterworks cannot cope with the increasing anthropogenic pollution of water supply sources, and, as a result, there is a deterioration in the quality of drinking water, including bacteriological indicators. In addition, the methods of water disinfection used in wastewater treatment plants are ineffective against such dangerous pathogens as enteroviruses, anthrax bacteria, infectious hepatitis viruses, polio viruses, etc.

Of the physical methods of disinfection, the greatest application was found: the ultraviolet treatment method, as a reagent-free and environmentally friendly method, as well as the cavitation treatment method, most often cavitation occurs in places where pressure is reduced, below the pressure of saturated vapors at a given temperature.

Technical devices of today can provide a sharp decrease in pressure in the flowing fluid to -0.8 kg / cm ² , which ensures the rupture of many bacteria from the inside due to the resulting pressure difference inside and outside the shell of bacteria.

If we achieve a several-fold increase in the pressure difference inside the bacterium and out of it, then we can dramatically increase the efficiency of the inhibition of bacteria of viruses and helminth eggs without resorting to oxidants.

State of the art

A known method of water treatment (Russian patent No. 2104964 from 02.20.1998), including the treatment of water by adjusting the pH. The pH adjustment is carried out by repeatedly decreasing the water pressure to a value at which cavitation occurs, and then increasing the water pressure to a value at which cavitation ceases, which allows the molecules to dissociate into H ⁺ and OH ^- ions, the first of which partially leave the liquid phase, and the second accumulate and increase the pH of the water.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

a) an insufficiently clear understanding of the process of formation of cavitation bubbles (with a decrease in pressure they only form, and with an increase in pressure they “collapse”, causing local temperature increases and pressure surges, shock waves, etc .;

b) the technological line for disinfection is not well developed, which requires a large number (9-10 times) of pumping cycles of the entire volume of liquid in order to achieve the required pH of 8.45.

A known system of effective disinfection of water (Russian patent No. 2125973 dated 02.10.1999), including a system for supplying chemical reagents (chlorine, ozone, fluorine as part of a dosing unit, hydrodynamic acoustic emitters, pressure and reagent collectors, water pump.

The disadvantages of the known system are:

a) use for disinfecting water, although in smaller quantities, chemicals, such as chlorine, ozone, fluorine;

b) cavitation formed by hydrodynamic emitters is used to intensively mix the reagent with the treated water, to break up colonies of microorganisms into single bacteria, which leads to improved access of the reagent to living microorganisms;

c) the presence of toxic organochlorine compounds in treated water (3-chloromethane, 4-carbon chloride, etc.)

A known method of disinfecting water with the energetic effects of hydrodynamic cavitation followed by ultraviolet radiation (Russian patent No. 2209772 dated 05/05/2001), including at the first stage using hydrodynamic cavitation the destruction of colonies of microorganisms to a level of single, the destruction of the outer shells of each cell, and the final disinfection provided by ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantages of this method are:

a) the use of not the most powerful emitters of hydrodynamic cavitation;

b) the presence of permanent cavitation cavities behind cavitation pathogens, due to the absence of flow interruption, liquefies the specific power of cavitators;

c) large specific energy costs consumed by ultraviolet emitters, water disinfection by bactericidal radiation can be made only when the water to be disinfected has low color and does not contain colloidal and suspended substances that absorb ultraviolet rays.

A known method of treating water and aqueous solutions (Russian patent No. 2240984 of 11/27/2004), including adjusting the pH by repeatedly decreasing the pressure of a high-pressure liquid when it is recycled to a value at which it is cavitated, followed by an increase in pressure to a value at which cavitation ceases.

The disadvantages of this method are:

a) the need to preheat the source fluid to 90 ° C, which is associated with high energy consumption and the need to have a source of thermal energy;

b) the use of a Venturi nozzle or a swirling fluid flow as a cavitator with the formation of a reduced flow in its center requires multiple passes of the fluid through the cavitator due to the inability to lower the pressure in the entire volume of the flowing fluid;

c) the use as an additional means of influencing microorganisms with ultrasound or an electric plasma discharge, which sharply increases the specific energy consumption for disinfection of 1 m ^{3 of} liquid, requires complex hardware design and compliance with unprecedented safety measures.

A known method of water purification (Russian patent No. 2214972 from 10.27.2003), including the introduction of purified coagulant with a flocculant and an activating additive in a mass ratio of an activating additive to a coagulant with a flocculant 0-500 wt.h. Additionally, the purified water is treated with elastic vibrations with an intensity that ensures cavitation in the water with a cavitation noise level in the frequency range of 500–500000 Hz not lower than 50 dB over the entire volume of the reactor and acoustic macro and micro flows with a speed of at least 1% of the vibrational velocity of the surface, transmitting elastic vibrations in a liquid. At the same time, the purified water is treated with all these methods simultaneously in a combined mode and the resulting solid-phase suspensions are separated.

The disadvantages of the known method of water purification from the point of view of disinfection are:

a) the method is focused on the treatment of wastewater and drinking water and industrial water from polluting components, such as compounds of alkaline, alkaline earth, heavy metals, etc .;

b) the effect of hydrodynamic piezoceramic or magnetosriccin converters on the death of microorganisms is not sufficiently shown.

A known method of water purification and a device for its implementation (Russian patent No. 2214969 from 10.27.2003), including electrocoagulation treatment with the addition of a coagulant with a flocculant and an activating additive with a mass ratio of an activating additive to a coagulant with a flocculant equal to 0-500 wt. hours, additionally purified water is treated with elastic vibrations with an intensity that ensures the implementation of cavitation in water with a cavitation noise level in the frequency range of 500-500000 Hz and an intensity of at least 50 dB over the entire volume p factor and acoustic macro- and microflows with a speed of at least 1% of the vibrational velocity of the surface, transmitting elastic vibrations in the liquid. The purified water is treated with all these methods simultaneously in a combined mode with the separation of the formed solid-phase suspensions.

The disadvantages of the known method of water purification and device for its implementation are:

a) the imbalance between the surface of the cathode and the anode, which will inevitably affect the rapid formation on the cathode of a completely electrically insulating layer of sediment, which will require frequent cleaning or increasing the flowing electric current;

b) insufficient frequency emitted by the hydrodynamic emitter and ultrasonic emitters, which are in the range of 500 ÷ 500000 Hz to inhibit bacteria in the water. (Oscillations with a frequency of 500 ÷ 1000 kHz have the maximum bactericidal effect. V.A. Klyachko, I.E. Apeltsin. Purification of natural waters. - M.: Stroyizdat, pp. 313– 332, 1971).

A known method of disinfection of wastewater (copyright certificate SU No. 1028606 of 1983.07.15), a prototype based on the so-called "caisson" effect, namely that microorganisms under pressure of more than 6 atmospheres and "fed up" of dissolved gases in a liquid, during sharp decompression, they burst with their own internal high pressure. The supply of air or an ozone-air mixture in an amount of 2-5% of the volume is due to the fact that when the volume is less than 2%, there is no “eating” of the entire group of microorganisms, and an increase of more than 5% is simply not profitable, since saturation has already occurred. Liquid decompression time - 0.5-2 minutes due to the properties of the liquid to retain the gases dissolved in it. Chlorine gas, or hypochloride, or chlorine compounds are introduced into the wastewater.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the need to use gaseous chlorine or chlorides for disinfection of wastewater, which is associated with complex hardware design, as well as compliance with the most stringent safety measures;

- the need to use ozone to suppress microorganisms and their saturation with an ozone-air mixture under a sufficiently high pressure of 6-7 atm;

- the duration of the decompression process of 0.5-2 minutes does not allow to destroy all bacteria and microorganisms by an explosion from the inside.

A device for disinfecting wastewater (Russian patent No. 2049072 of 11/27/1995), containing a confuser, a neck and a diffuser, characterized in that the device is equipped with a profiled needle located in its central part and secured in a washer made with windows and a clutch mounted on the periphery of the diffuser from its outer side with the possibility of its movement along the diffuser, while the washer is placed in the coupling. In addition, the diffuser is equipped with a removable nozzle made of anti-erosion material, and the cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the diffuser.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

a) in the liquid acting along the axis of the diffuser with a profiling needle, cavitation is absent or is present with insufficient density, which affects the efficiency of disinfection due to the “slip” of ground microorganisms and helminth eggs;

b) the device settings do not allow the temperature of the disinfected water to change due to changes in the conditions for the formation of cavitation bubbles in the direction of decrease with decreasing temperature of the wastewater.

A device for disinfecting water is known (Russian patent No. 2198847 dated 02/20/2003), containing a confuser, a neck, a diffuser, a profiled needle installed in its central part with the possibility of its movement along the diffuser, and also equipped with a tube consisting of blades installed on a profile needle with the ability to rotate. In addition, the needle is connected using a coupling with an electric motor using alternating or direct current.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

a) the confuser smoothly narrows the water flow, and the diffuser gradually expands it, which negatively affects the process of formation and collapse of cavitation bubbles;

b) the location of the turbine on the cantilevered profiled needle without supporting its second end will inevitably lead to the occurrence of vibrations and vibrations, which will significantly reduce the resource of the device.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to create a method for the disinfection of drinking and wastewater and an installation for its implementation with increased efficiency in the destruction of viruses, cysts of simple giardia and helminth eggs due to a sharp increase in the pressure difference inside and outside the bacterial membrane without the use of other methods of exposure and any reagents for pathogenic microflora. The problem is achieved in that the claimed method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater uses increasing pressure in the treated liquid, holding under increased pressure to equalize the pressure inside and outside the bacterial shell, and then a sharp decrease in pressure until rarefaction, which will ensure reliable destruction of the cyst virus shells protozoa. lamblia and helminth eggs by 99.99%.

New in the claimed method of disinfecting drinking and wastewater is that the processes that occur and carry out the destruction of the bacterial membrane are the reverse of the processes occurring in cavitation bubbles.

For the formation of cavitation bubbles, the pressure in the water is sharply reduced to approximately -0.7, -0.8 kg / cm ² , and then in the zone of increased pressure the bubbles “collapse”, and then the cavitation effects (shock waves, cumulative streams, high temperatures, etc.).

In the inventive method of disinfecting drinking and wastewater, water is pumped into a receiver by a high pressure pump, in which, as it is filled, the pressure rises, for example, to 15 kg / cm ² , and then is piped to a device in which a sharp decrease in pressure occurs across the entire transverse the cross section of the device to a vacuum of -0.7; -0.8 kg / cm ² . The pressure difference ΔP is:

ΔP = P ₁ -P ₂ = 15 - (- 0.7) = 15.7 kg / cm ² ,

where P ₁ is the pressure in the water to the device; P ₂ - pressure in the device.

Instant reduction of pressure from the outside of bacterial membranes to -0.7; -0.8 kg / cm ² while temporarily maintaining the pressure inside the bacteria up to 15 kg / cm ² reliably provides explosive destruction from the inside of all pathogenic microflora contained in the treated water in one pass.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an installation for implementing the method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater, including the following main components: 1 - high pressure pump; 2 - receiver; 3 - device for instantaneous pressure reduction; 4 - storage capacity.

Figure 2 shows a device for instantaneous pressure reduction, including a round-cylinder Venturi nozzles 5 with sharp edges AA and BB and Bord nozzles - 6. In addition, figure 2 shows the whirlpool zone A with a diagram of the pressure reduction in the cross section CC (h vac. mach.) and zone B.

Installation for implementing the method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater, including: high pressure pump 1, figure 1, receiver 2, device for instant pressure reduction 3, storage capacity 4.

The installation for implementing the method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater as follows. The source of drinking or wastewater is piped to the high pressure pump 1. After passing through several stages of pump 1, each of which increases the pressure, drinking or wastewater is piped to the receiver 2. After filling the receiver 2 and reaching the required pressure in it, the water is sent into the device for instantaneous pressure reduction 3. The device for instantaneous pressure reduction is made in the form of a round-cylinder Venturi nozzle 5, figure 2, ending with a suddenly expanding nozzle Board 6, 2. The liquid stream, coming through the pipeline from the receiver 2, bypassing the edge AA, Fig. 2, due to the inertia forces of the liquid particles entering the nozzles, is compressed from all sides to the minimum section along the CC axis, then the jet expands and fills the entire nozzle. In this case, an annular whirlpool zone A is formed, Fig. 2. The whirlpool zone A, as well as the transit stream within zone A, is characterized by the presence of vacuum. The maximum vacuum is obtained in the SS cross section, where the jet has the greatest compression and where the velocities in the transit jet, as well as the kinetic energy of the liquid, turn out to be the highest.

Not every pipe connected to the pipeline works like Venturi nozzles. In order for the pipe to work as a nozzle (increasing Q by 34%), it is necessary that the following two conditions are met at the same time:

the length of the pipe L _p should be in the range (3,5 d≤7) d,

where d is the diameter of the pipe;

the maximum vacuum allowed in the cross section of the SS should not exceed -0.8 kg / cm ² .

After the liquid jet passes through the edge BB of FIG. 2, the liquid transit jet also forms an annular whirlpool zone B, characterized by the presence of a vacuum, which provides a final pressure reduction and quenching of the kinetic energy of the transit jet.

After passing through the zone DD round-cylinder nozzle Board water enters the storage tank 4.

The dependence of the efficiency of destruction of pathogenic microflora on pressure, determined in the fields of view of the Biolam microscope, is expressed in the following examples.

Example No. 1, pressure P = 5 kg / cm ²

Table number 1 Field number one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 amount 21 fifteen 21 24 fourteen 25 23 23 27 twenty living cells amount 8 9 9 fourteen fifteen 12 9 fourteen 13 eleven living cells

Example No. 2, pressure P = 10 kg / cm ²

Table number 2 Field number one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 amount 7 3 7 7 2 one 5 2 2 2 living cells amount 9 17 21 22 29th 22 29th 28 27 21 living cells

Example №3, pressure P = 15 kg / cm ²

Table number 3 Field number one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 amount 0 0 one 0 0 one one 0 0 0 living cells amount 27 21 16 23 25 twenty 28 27 eighteen thirty living cells

The installation for disinfecting drinking and wastewater is simple and can be manufactured at any machine-building enterprise.

The simplicity of the method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater allows you to use it both locally to inhibit bacteria and for technological lines for the preparation of drinking water.

List of references

1. Patent of Russia No. 2104964 dated 02.20.1998

2. Patent of Russia No. 2125973 dated 02.10.1999.

3. Patent of Russia No. 2109772 dated 05/03/2001

4. Patent of Russia No. 2240984 dated November 27, 2004.

5. Patent of Russia No. 2214972 dated October 27, 2003.

6. Patent of Russia No. 2214969 dated October 27, 2003.

7. Patent of Russia No. 2198847 dated 02.20.2003.

8. V.A. Klyachko, I.E. Apeltsin. Natural water treatment. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1971, pp. 321-332.

9. P.P. Chugaev. Hydraulics. - Energy, Leningrad Branch, 1971, pp. 135-139, 307-312.

Claims (3)

1. The method of disinfection of drinking and wastewater, in which the pressure to be disinfected is increased, the water is kept under increased pressure to equalize the pressure inside and outside the bacterial membrane, and then the pressure in water is reduced, characterized in that the pressure is increased to 15 kg / cm ² , and lower the pressure instantly to rarefaction. 2. Installation for the disinfection of drinking and wastewater, including a high pressure pump connected to the receiver by a pipeline, and a storage tank, characterized in that the receiver is connected by a pipe to a device for instant pressure reduction, which is fixed to the storage tank. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the device for instant pressure reduction is made in the form of a round-cylinder Venturi nozzle ending in a suddenly expanding Bord nozzle, the diameter of the Venturi nozzle and its length being in the range 3.5d≤Ln≤7d, where Ln - the length of the venturi nozzle, d is the diameter of the venturi nozzle.

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