RU2357931C2 - Device for cold desalination, activation and treatment of water from any natural source - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of water from natural sources and can be used in sea water desalination. The device comprises the following units set sequentially and connected by pipes: a water exciter 1 where electromagnetic fields are generated with the imposition of pulse MW-field, a jet apparatus 8 with an ejector 9 where the water flow is dispersed and mixed with the supplied ozone, a hydrodynamic cavitator 15 where water is split and divided into pure water and impurities under an electric charge. A separating labyrinth 19, typical porous membranes 21, 22 and a fine purification unit 24 including a disc centrifuge 27 and an electrostatic separator 28 follow the hydrodynamic cavitator. The device comprises also an ozone generator supplying ozone to the jet apparatus 8, the hydrodynamic cavitator 15 and the fine purification unit 24 and a power source with a high-voltage generator of pulse voltages and current.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of water dispersion, following ozone treatment and impurities isolation.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water treatment from any natural source, in particular sea water, and can be used for desalination.

The following methods of desalination and water purification are known and are currently used in world practice: distillation, reverse osmosis, and electrophoresis. Distillation requires prohibitive energy costs (up to 500 kWh / m ³ ), high temperatures and bulky equipment, electrophoresis methods are less and less used due to bulky equipment, quick failure of filter elements and increased energy consumption.

A device for cold desalination of bitter-salt water, containing a source of spray of the source water (hereinafter referred to as IV) under controlled pressure, an ozone generator, a sparging system and an ozonolysis circuit, sludge and ion number regulation equipment (RF patent No. 2136600). However, this method allows you to purify water with a total salt concentration in the IV of up to 5 g / l only, has low efficiency, bulky equipment (reactor height more than 5 m with a diameter of about 0.7 m) and requires specific equipment.

A device for processing liquid and / or gaseous media is known, in which an electrode is placed inside the reactor, which is connected to the positive pole of a high-voltage power source and creates a highly inhomogeneous electric field (RF patent No. 2093699). By treating liquid media with an electric discharge at low energy costs (up to 1 J), it is possible to intensively decompose and / or split liquids into components depending on the ionization potential (electron affinity), dielectric constant (maximum allowable excess charge) and electrical conductivity (depending on speed excess charge acquisition).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed technical solution is the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2284966 - the closest analogue. The device implements multiple fractional OS ozonation in small portions of ozone or ozone-containing gas in pulsed electromagnetic fields with nanosecond fronts. The device is made in the form of blocks: in the first, a vapor-gas mixture is formed in a pathogen, a jet apparatus with an ejector and an ozonizer. In the second block, the aqueous solution is treated in a hydromechanical cavitator and an electrodynamic flotator. Filtration is carried out in the third block - sequentially installed multi-row and molecular-magnetic filters to produce industrial water. The latter is subjected to fine cleaning in the fourth unit - a centrifuge installed in an electromagnetic field with a voltage of at least 20.5 kV, and at least two electrostatic separators. The device also contains an ionizer for receiving medical and drinking water and a distiller.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of efficiency of spraying the VI in the jet apparatus, hydromechanical cavitator and separators, and therefore the lack of effectiveness of subsequent ozonation. Patented invention eliminates this disadvantage.

A patented device for cold desalination, activation and purification of water contains an ozone generator, a power source with a high-voltage pulse voltage and current generator, and a water exciter located in series with the pipelines in electromagnetic fields with a superimposed microwave pulsed field, a jet apparatus with an ejector, a hydromechanical cavitator with superposition electric discharge, separators, filters and a fine filter unit based on a disk centrifuge and an electrostatic separator.

The jet apparatus with an ejector has a dielectric body, an inlet nozzle in the form of a metal Laval nozzle, which is grounded, and a lid with holes that form an aerodynamic lattice and a bell, which is a high-voltage electrode, is placed in series with the flow. A shell-shaped electrode is placed on the casing made of a dielectric of the hydromechanical cavitator, inside the casing there is a Laval nozzle, in the center of which a conical fairing is installed, the rim of which forms a discharge gap with the casing installed in the critical section of the nozzle, and the dielectric casing has holes and cylindrical pockets for removal of separated impurities.

The cavitator exit is connected to a pipe, the internal volume of which is a labyrinth and is divided by flat, disk-shaped perforated diaphragms mounted along a helical line, forming a pulse electric separator.

The fine-cleaning unit based on a disk centrifuge and an electrostatic separator has a cylindrical body, a dielectric cover with a grounded centrifuge shaft with corona disks installed in it, surrounded by a perforated cone-shaped funnel in the form of a truncated funnel cone, with a perforated cylindrical electrode between it and the body, dividing the working volume into two cavities having drain pipes.

The atomizer electrode of the jet apparatus, the shell input, disk-shaped diaphragms with perforation of a pulse electric separator, and perforated electrodes of a fine-cleaning unit are connected to the negative potential terminal of a high-voltage pulse voltage and current generator with independent adjustment of voltage, current, and duty cycle between pulses, and the ozone generator is connected to the inputs for ozone-containing gas of the jet apparatus, hydromechanical cavitator and fine cleaning unit.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of spraying the source water in the jet apparatus, hydromechanical cavitator and separators and, as a result, increase the efficiency of subsequent ozonation and separation of impurities.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the scheme of the device for cold desalination and water purification shown in the drawing.

The device contains a pathogen 1, the input of which is pumped through water 2 from any natural source. A typical water pump of a given flow rate is used with a pressure of at least 0.8 MPa. The causative agent 1 is made of a dielectric tube 3 with built-in pairs of electrodes 4, which are supplied, with the possibility of smooth adjustment, constant and alternating voltage from the power source 5. Source 5 has a control panel and includes a high voltage generator 7 of pulse voltage and current with independent adjustment of voltage, current and duty cycle between pulses. The electrodes 4 form a crossed electromagnetic field.

The pipe 3 is, for example, made of vinyl plastic or high pressure polyethylene with a wall thickness of at least 10 mm. On the outer surface of the pipe 3 is an inductor 6 connected to a current generator 7 with independent adjustment of the output voltage and current to induce a pulsed microwave field. Generator 7 may be a cable generator of nanosecond current pulses.

The output of the pathogen 1 is connected to the input of the jet apparatus 8 through the ejector 9 of the Laval inlet nozzle 10, which ends with a cover 11 with a number of holes 12 - Laval nozzles with a given zone of perforation sections forming an aerodynamic lattice. Using the cap 11, the atomization of water by the nozzle 10 is regulated.

The nozzle 10 is made of metal, such as stainless steel, and is grounded. The casing of the apparatus 8 is made of a dielectric, for example, of 6M polyamide, the surface of which is practically not wetted by water. The inner cavity of the nozzle 10 is connected to an ozone generator 13. It includes an oxygen generator, an air filter and a compressor. The bell 14 of the jet apparatus 8 is a high voltage electrode of the atomizer and is connected to the positive pole of the current generator 7. Ozone generator 13 is also connected to current generator 7.

The output of the jet apparatus 8 is directly connected to the input of the electrohydrodynamic cavitator 15. The housing of the cavitator 15 is made of a dielectric, and a metal electrode-shell 16 is connected to the high-voltage input of the current generator 7 in the critical section of the Laval nozzle.

A conical fairing 17 is installed in the center of the Laval nozzle 16, the rim of which 18 forms a 16-bit gap with the nozzle rim, the rim 16 through the high-voltage input is connected to the negative potential of the source 5. The cavitator body 15 has openings and cylindrical pockets for the removal of some of the separated impurities. The output of the cavitator 15 is connected to the input of the labyrinth formed in the housing 19.

The housing 19 of the pulsed electric separator is a pipe, the internal volume of which is divided by flat disk-shaped diaphragms 20 with perforation, forming a maze. The diaphragms 20 are connected to a current generator 7. Labyrinth 19 is connected to an ozone generator 13. The diaphragm 20 is installed along a helical line, which provides an increase in the transit time of the working medium by two to three times.

The exit of the maze 20 is connected to a typical porous filter 21 or several gravitational adsorption filters 21 '. The tubular gravitational multi-row filter 22 is designed to remove precipitation obtained during water treatment. The output of the industrial water filters through the pump 23 is connected to the input of the electrohydrodynamic separator 24.

The separator 24 has a cylindrical body, closed by a dielectric cover. On the lid there is an electric motor 25, on the shaft 26, which is grounded and located inside the separator, there is a centrifuge disk 27 (or several disks), which are surrounded by a perforated electrode 28, which can be mesh, in the form of a truncated funnel cone docked from below with a cylindrical body separator. The electrode 28 through the input on the cover is connected to the output of the negative potential of the generator 7. On the cover is also located the input 29 of ozone-containing gas, and at the input of the separator 24 is installed the input 30 of the water supply system (atomizer).

Between the electrode 28 and the casing of the separator 24 one or more auxiliary perforated electrodes (not shown) are installed. A perforated cylindrical electrode 28 'is also located near the separator wall, dividing the working volume into two cavities. Behind the electrode 28 'for the selection of completely purified drinking water (designated PV, AB), a pocket with a pipe 31 is located near the bottom. There are pipes on the bottom for the discharge of process water (TV) and impurities. The supply of incompletely purified water to the pathogen 1 is carried out through a pipeline by means of a pump 23 '.

The device operates as follows.

Water is pumped from the source by a pump 2 into the pathogen 1, in which the water molecules are excited in crossed electromagnetic fields with the application of a pulsed microwave field. As a result of such a combination of fields, in addition to exposure to water molecules, acoustic waves with adjustable amplitude and frequency are created in the working volume of the pathogen 1, which makes it possible to influence the vibrational processes of IV clusters and even partially destroy them.

Thus prepared IW enters the jet apparatus 8 through the ejector 9 to the inlet nozzle 10 of the Laval, which provides a sharp increase in the rate of flow of water, and the aerodynamic grill helps to spray the flow. Due to the effect of ejection, an ozone-containing gas is supplied to the atomized stream of water from the ozone generator 13 from the nozzle 10. To perform submicron dispersion between the end face of the nozzle 10 and the bell 14 of the jet apparatus 8, an electric field of up to 2.5 kV / cm of positive potential is created. Field strength and ozone-containing gas flow rate are regulated.

From the jet apparatus 8, a two-phase medium enters the inlet of the electrohydrodynamic cavitator 15, in which water is split and pure water and impurities are separated into separate phases.

A negative potential is supplied to the casing electrode 16 through a high-voltage input, 3-5 times the breakdown potential for a given medium and the configuration of the electric field. As a result, a spark breakdown occurs between these electrodes, which is a source of shock waves in the cavitator cavity 15.

Water with a reduced concentration of impurities, which do not have time to leave the main stream with the selected parameters, enters the building 19 at the entrance to the labyrinth, where ozone-containing gas is also supplied from the ozone generator 13. The labyrinth increases the contact time of water and gas by two to three times, in addition, the removal of impurities through holes in the walls of the labyrinth is ensured. Thus obtained water with an excess of ozone-containing gas enters a typical porous filter 21 or a series of gravity and adsorption filters 22 to separate the bulk of the salts and organic impurities from the water stream. These filters are used in almost all marine and submarine vessels.

The precipitate obtained from these filters in the form of a gel of organic compounds and a saturated solution of salts and hydroxides is removed by gravity through the filter nozzles. At the outlet of the filters 21, 21 ', water is obtained that meets the requirements of industrial water for industrial use, similar to water from reverse osmosis plants. The introduction of feedback into the process circuit — the supply of partially treated water by means of a pump 23 ′ to the pathogen 1 inlet — completely removes the salinity limit of more than 30 g / l.

To obtain top-quality drinking water or active water, industrial water under a pressure of 0.45 MPa is supplied to the separator 24 through the inlet 30 of the water supply system, which ensures its spraying. The rotary separator disk 27 sprays water onto a micron-sized drop. At the same time, an electromagnetic field is created between the disk 27 and the perforated electrode 28 surrounding it, which ensures that the droplets acquire excess electric charge. Gravitational and electric forces will act on charged drops of water. Drops can consist of pure water and water with a high content of certain impurities. The electric fields between the main and auxiliary electrodes are selected experimentally so that only droplets with specified pH values, electrical conductivity, permittivity and ion number can reach the separator wall. The rest are eliminated in the interelectrode spaces. At the outlet of the separator 24, the highest quality water is obtained.

If it is necessary to obtain active water with an oxygen content of more than 20 mg / l, an increased amount of ozone-containing gas is supplied to the separator with a simultaneous change in voltage at the electrodes.

The method is environmentally friendly, works in a closed cycle and does not require the return of a large amount of brine with a high salt content in the environment. For work, only air and electricity are required, and the products are pure water, as well as salts and gel of organic substances suitable for further processing.

The device is implemented in compact installations in stationary and mobile versions, it allows to provide the required cleaning and desalination capacities by increasing the number of modules.

Claims (1)

A device for cold desalination, activation and purification of water, containing an ozone generator, a power source with a high-voltage pulse voltage and current generator, and a water exciter located in series and connected by pipelines in electromagnetic fields with a superimposed microwave pulse field, an inkjet apparatus with an ejector, a hydromechanical cavitator with superposition electric discharge, separators, filters and a fine filter unit based on a disk centrifuge and an electrostatic separator, characterized in that
the jet apparatus with an ejector has a dielectric body, an inlet nozzle in the form of a metal Laval nozzle, which is grounded, and a cap with holes forming the aerodynamic lattice and a bell connected to a high-voltage electrode are placed in series with the flow,
A shell-shaped electrode is placed on the casing of the dielectric of the hydromechanical cavitator, inside the casing there is a Laval nozzle, in the center of which a conical fairing is installed, the rim of which forms a discharge gap with the casing installed in the critical section of the nozzle, and the dielectric casing has holes and cylindrical pockets for removal of individual impurities,
the cavitator exit is connected to a pipe, the internal volume of which is a labyrinth and is divided by flat, disk-shaped perforated diaphragms installed along a helical line, forming a pulsed electric separator, while
The fine-cleaning unit based on a disk centrifuge and an electrostatic separator has a cylindrical body, a dielectric cover with a grounded centrifuge shaft with corona disks installed in it, surrounded by a perforated cone-shaped funnel in the form of a truncated funnel cone, between which a perforated cylindrical electrode is mounted, and dividing the working volume into two cavities having drain pipes,
moreover, the spray electrode of the jet apparatus, the shell input, disk-shaped diaphragms with perforation of a pulse electric separator and perforated electrodes of the fine block are connected to the negative potential of the high-voltage pulse voltage and current generator with independent adjustment of voltage, current and duty cycle between pulses, and the ozone generator to the inputs supply of ozone-containing gas of the jet apparatus, hydromechanical cavitator and the fine cleaning unit.