RU2598917C1 - Method for pre-planting treatment of seed potato with liquid biostimulant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method for pre-planting treatment of seed potato tubers with liquid biostimulant involves treatment of seed potato tubers in a vessel filled with a biostimulant, using a working element installed in vessel. Biostimulant is potassium/sodium humate with trace elements with concentration of 5-5.2 g/l of active substance at consumption rate of 40-50 l solution per ton of seed potato. Working element for treatment of tubers is a centrifugal mixer with rotor in form of a plastic disc with concentrically installed four thin-wall wings, wherein treatment is carried out with constant stirring for 2-3 minutes.

EFFECT: higher quality of sowing material, preventing damage of tubers planting potatoes, simple method of treatment and possibility of providing treatment of tubers of various shape and size.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating potatoes, including preplant treatment with a liquid biostimulator.

Physiologically active substances are widespread in nature. They are contained in large quantities in peat, compost, brown coal and affect the intensity of processes in plants. These include humic compounds. They are used in the form of solutions of very low concentrations when processing seeds, watering, spraying crops.

The result of the interaction of growth regulators is an increase in the productivity and economic and biological value of the field crops on which they were applied. For example, using phytoregulators on potatoes, one can increase the reproduction rate, which is relatively low in this crop, increase the starchiness of tubers, inhibit (inhibit) viral infections, etc.

One of the ways to increase potato yield is preplant treatment of tubers with various growth stimulants. The use of biological and chemical growth stimulants accelerates the reproductive development of tubers during the growing season with unstable weather, reduces the dose of organic fertilizers and increases yield, and compared with the influence of agrotechnical methods on the growth and development of tubers is the most efficient and effective method. However, this method requires appropriate technical support to achieve maximum results from the use of biologically active drugs.

A known method of presowing treatment of root crops, described in the patent for invention No. 2421964 (АСС 1/00, publ. 06/27/2011), selected for the prototype. This invention proposes the use as an organic stimulator of electro-hydraulically processed peat, which is a highly dispersed mass with adhesive ability and high nutritional value. The device used for processing tubers of planting potatoes includes a container with a biostimulator with a working body installed in it, consisting of two drums rotating towards each other, on the forming surface of which perforating needles are fixed to perforate the surface of the tubers, while the container with the processing agent is located under rollers, conveyors. Tubers treated with the stimulant are removed from the tank by means of an unloading conveyor, after which drying is carried out by cold ventilation.

The disadvantages of the method is that to ensure the fixation of the suspension of electro-hydraulically treated peat, it is necessary to perforate the tubers, which leads to their damage (especially tubers of elongated shape), as well as additional drying costs.

The technical result of this new method is to increase the quality of the seed (effect on the tuber at the cellular level, accelerate the process of water metabolism), eliminate damage to the seed potato tubers, simplify the processing method and the possibility of processing tubers of various shapes and sizes.

An additional technical result is a reduction in the cost of mineral fertilizers when planting potatoes (by 50% of the norm).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of pre-planting treatment of seed potato tubers with a liquid biostimulator, comprising treating seed potato tubers in a container filled with a biostimulator, using a working body installed in a container equipped with unloading and loading conveyors, according to the invention, potassium humate is used as a biostimulator / sodium with trace elements that affect the potato tuber at the cellular level, with a concentration of 5-5.2 g / l of the active substance pr the consumption rate of 40-50 liters of solution per ton of sowing potatoes, a centrifugal mixer with a rotor in the form of a plastic disk with four thin-walled wings concentrically mounted on it is used as a working body for the treatment of tubers, while the treatment is carried out with constant stirring for 2-3 minutes .

A biologically active drug - potassium / sodium humate with trace elements (http://www.silazhizni.ru/gumat05_1.php) affects the tuber at the cellular level, accelerates water metabolism, physiological processes in the cell, participates in oxidative processes at the cellular level , contributing to a more complete assimilation of minerals by the plant, especially in case of adverse environmental conditions. The biostimulator is subjected to constant mixing by a centrifugal mixer, which eliminates the formation of sediment and contributes to the uniform movement of seed potatoes in the tank.

The method is as follows.

Potassium / sodium humate with trace elements refers to complex organomineral preparations obtained in the process of multi-stage processing of natural humic-containing raw materials - brown coal, in order to extract humic acids from it, including fulvic and humic acids. A distinctive feature of the drug is the complex composition of this fertilizer, which includes, in addition to the acids presented above, an additional enrichment with microelements in the form of chelates, the chelating agent is hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP), as well as organic acids citric, succinic and vitamins B ₁ (thiamine), B ₃ (niacin), B ₁₂ (cyancobalamin), ascorbic acid and the microorganism complex Lactobacillus sp. (B-2602D, B-2600D, B-2601D, B-2592D) with products of their metabolism. The chemical composition of the drug is presented below.

The composition and amount of active substances (calculated on dry matter)

The peeled tubers of seed potatoes are dipped in a solution of potassium / sodium humate with trace elements in a concentration of 5-5.2 g / l of the active substance. To prepare the solution, use a drug manufactured by the industry (http://www.silazhizni.ru/gumat05_l.php), dilute with water to the desired concentration and fill the working solution in a container for processing tubers. The following describes a device used to process seed potato tubers.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for treating seed potato tubers. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a plastic disk of a centrifugal mixer.

The device contains:

- a container 2 with a feeding device 1, while the container is filled with potassium / sodium humate dissolved in water with microelements;

- a mixer 3, mounted in the lower part of the tank, containing a vertical cylindrical body, a drive shaft with a rotor fixed to it in the form of a plastic disk with four thin-walled wings concentrically mounted on it, providing uniform mixing of the biostimulator in water;

- container 6 for collecting and drying the treated tubers;

- unloading conveyors 4 and 5, and the first conveyor 4 is located in the container, and the second 5 is installed above the container for loading the treated tubers, while the conveyor 5 is configured to be installed at an angle to the first, which ensures the loading of the processed potato tubers into the container 6 with a predetermined value of the height of the fall and eliminates damage to the tuber when it hits the bottom of the container 6 or other tubers.

The design of the plastic disk of the centrifugal mixer with four thin-walled wings allows you to mix the working solution, creating a stream, without damaging the seed tubers.

Processing potato tubers is as follows.

The peeled tubers of seed potatoes by means of a device 1 are fed into a container 2 filled with a processing solution of a biostimulant. The processing process is carried out for 2-3 minutes. In the process of processing tubers, the mixer 3 creates the conditions for mixing the biostimulator, ensures uniform processing of potato tubers, as well as the concentration of the biostimulator throughout the tank. Tubers processed in the solution are removed by unloading conveyors 4 and 5 and fed into the container 6 with a predetermined drop height.

The flow rate of an aqueous solution of a biostimulant is 40-50 liters per ton of seed potato tubers.

Example 1

The seed potato tubers were treated in a solution of a biostimulant with a concentration of 5 g / l of the active (dry) substance for 2 minutes. The flow rate of the working solution was 40 liters per ton of potatoes. The comparison was carried out with the selected prototype. Studies of a potassium / sodium humate biostimulator with microelements at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Komi Republic showed that preplant planting of seed potatoes allows a reliable increase in yield and an increase in the quality of agricultural products. Table 1 and 2 show the results of studies.

Example 2

The seed potato tubers were treated in a solution of a biostimulant with a concentration of 5.2 g / l of the active (dry) substance for 3 minutes. The flow rate of the working solution was 50 liters per ton of potatoes. The comparison was carried out with the selected prototype. Studies have shown that the use of a biostimulator in the pre-planting treatment of tubers of seed potatoes can reduce the consumption of mineral fertilizers by 50%. Studies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Komi Republic showed that the use of potassium / sodium humate in the background of mineral fertilizers N ₉₀ P ₃₀ K ₁₂₀ improves the yield and quality of agricultural products compared to the full dose of mineral fertilizers N ₁₈₀ P ₆₀ K ₂₄₀ . Table 3 and 4 show the results of studies.

Thus, the use of potassium / sodium humate with microelements for preplant treatment of seed potato tubers allows to increase potato productivity by 16.2-38.8%, starch content by 0.3-1.6% and dry matter by 0.6 -1.6%, vitamin C 3.0-3.9 mg%.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-planting treatment of seed potato tubers with a liquid biostimulator, including treating seed potato tubers in a container filled with a biostimulator, using a working body installed in a tank equipped with unloading and loading conveyors, characterized in that potassium / sodium humate with microelements is used as a biostimulator affecting potato tuber at the cellular level, with a concentration of 5-5.2 g / l of active dry matter at a rate of 40-50 l of working solution and ton of seed potatoes, as a working body is used for the treatment of tubers centrifugal mixer with a rotor in the form of a plastic disc with concentrically mounted thereon four thin-walled wings, the treatment is carried out under continuous stirring for 2-3 min.

Images