RU2421964C1 - Device for pre-planting treatment of seed potato tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: device for pre-planting treatment of seed potato tubers comprises a tool in the form of rotary drums arranged in a reservoir with a biostimulant, which is a highly dispersed mass, having gluing capacity and high nutritional value. A discharge conveyor is also installed in the reservoir. A drying container is installed behind the reservoir. Drums with controlled frequency of rotation have elastic surface, where needles are fixed for piercing of tubers. Drums are filled with air under excessive pressure and equipped with a system for pulling and control of pressure. Needles are arranged in the form of a hemisphere or a cylinder, have the length of not more than 5 mm and are fixed at the distance of 5-15 mm from each other. ^ EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of perforation, eliminates deposition of a biostimulant, ensures independent separation of tubers from drums after perforation process, makes it possible to treat tubers of various shape and size. ^ 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of potatoes, namely for preplant treatment of tubers of seed potatoes.

When preparing the soil for potatoes, organic fertilizers in the form of compost are spread by spreading, followed by incorporation into the soil or locally into the soil directly during planting.

The use of these traditional methods of applying organic fertilizers does not provide the required uniform distribution of fertilizers in the soil and, as a result, most tubers do not receive proper nutrition when planting. This leads to a slower development of tubers and lower yields.

Known root crop seed dresser (A.S. 1440380, A01C 1/08, publ. 11/30/1988) containing an etching chamber, a device for supplying the working fluid to the working body in the form of parallel and contacting rollers, the surface of which is made of wear-resistant and moisture-proof material . Under the rollers are installed fast-rotating and contacting brushes in protective covers open towards the material being processed. The device is intended for presowing treatment of root crops with liquid solutions or for post-harvest processing when laying in storage.

The disadvantage of this device is that it does not provide fixation of the fertilizer in the form of a coating film on tubers.

A device for presowing treatment of root crops (application for IZ No. 94003524, АСС 1/00, 1/08, publ. 20.12.1995), selected for the prototype. This invention proposes the use as an organic fertilizer (agent) of electro-hydraulically treated peat, which is a highly dispersed mass with adhesive ability and high nutritional value. The device includes a panning chamber with a working body installed in it, consisting of two rollers rotating towards each other, on the forming surface of which perforating needles are fixed to perforate the surface of the tubers, while a container with a processing agent is located under the rollers, and a drying machine is installed behind this container camera.

The disadvantage of this device is that to ensure the separation of tubers from the roller requires the installation of rotating brushes, which complicates the design. In addition, the fertilizer is not sufficiently secured to the irregularly shaped planting tuber.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the design and provide more effective fixation of fertilizer on tubers of various shapes and sizes.

The technical result consists in the fact that the new device increases the efficiency of the perforation process, eliminates sedimentation and provides a uniform concentration of the biostimulator throughout the volume of the tank, and also provides independent separation of tubers from the drums after the perforation process, in addition, the device allows the processing of tubers of various shapes and sizes and provide improved fixation and fastening of the biostimulator shell on the tuber surface.

The technical result is achieved in that a device for pre-planting treatment of tubers of seed potatoes containing a container with a biostimulator, which is a highly dispersed mass, with adhesive ability and high nutrition, a working body in the form of exciting rotating drums with an elastic surface, on which needles for piercing the surface are fixed tubers, a drying container located behind the container, an unloading conveyor installed in the container according to the invention, drums with the rotational speeds are located in a container with a biostimulator, filled with air under excessive pressure and equipped with a system for creating and regulating pressure, the needles are made in the form of a hemisphere or cylinder, have a length of not more than 5 mm and are fixed at a distance of 5-15 mm from each other, device additionally equipped with a second unloading conveyor, configured to be installed at an angle to the first and providing the loading of the treated tubers into a container with a predetermined drop height.

On figa shows a diagram of the device. On figb - a system for creating and regulating pressure in the drums. Figure 2 - the shape of the needle.

The device contains:

- capacity 2 with the feeding device 1, while the capacity is filled with a liquid biostimulator;

- a working body installed in the container, in the form of exciting rotating perforating drums 3 having an elastic surface, while the diameter of the perforating drums is not less than 250 mm due to the tuber capture condition, and the dimensions and rotation parameters of the drums create the conditions for mixing a biostimulator settling at the bottom of the container, and exclude the use of additional mixing devices;

- needles 8, mounted on the elastic surface of the drums with a distance of 5-15 mm from each other, having a length of not more than 5 mm, made in the form of a hemisphere or cylinder;

- container 6 for collecting and drying the treated tubers;

- unloading conveyors 4 and 5, and the first conveyor 4 is located in the tank, and the second 5 is installed above the container for loading and drying the treated tubers, while the conveyor 5 is made with the possibility of installation at an angle to the first, which ensures the loading of the processed potato tubers into the container 6 with a given value of the height of the fall and eliminates excessive removal of the fixed biostimulant on the surface of the tuber when it hits the bottom of the container 6 or other tubers;

- a system for creating and regulating excess pressure (figb) in the inner cavity of the perforating drums 7, which supplies air through hollow shafts on which the perforating drums are mounted.

Figure 3 shows the drive circuit of the perforating drums.

The drive of perforating drums contains:

- electric motor 10;

- worm gear 11;

- a chain transmission with a drive sprocket 12, driven sprockets 13, mounted on the shafts of the perforating drums 3, a chain 14.

This drive circuit provides versatile rotation of the perforating drums towards each other. The frequency of rotation of the drums is adjustable.

The technological process of processing is as follows.

To increase the efficiency of the perforation process inside the perforating drums 3, air is pumped under excess pressure through system 7. An excess air pressure of 10-30 kPa, which is pumped inside the perforating drums, creates optimal conditions for the drums to act on the tuber and ensures uniform distribution of the perforation mesh of the recesses on the uneven surface of the tuber , eliminates the deterioration of the process of perforation of tubers of various sizes and shapes. The air pressure inside the drums is adjustable.

The peeled seed potato tubers by means of a device 1 are fed into a container 2 filled with a processing solution and are captured by perforating drums 3 rotating towards each other. Needles 8 up to 5 mm long are hermetically fixed in elastic material 9 of perforating drums 3 and are made in the form of a hemisphere or cylinder. When the tuber passes between the drums, 3 needles 8, located at a distance of 5-15 mm, apply a grid of recesses on its surface, which creates a frame for attaching the shell from a liquid biostimulator, as a result of which its fixation on the tuber surface will improve. The length of the needles up to 5 mm with a distance from each other of 10 mm is optimal for the perforation process and eliminates damage to tubers. It was experimentally established that the shape of a hemisphere or cylinder needle provides the most optimal perforation quality and the possibility of independent separation of tubers from the drums after the perforation process and their fall to the bottom of the container under the action of gravity and inertia, eliminates the use of additional separation devices. In the process of treating tubers, the rotating drums create the conditions for mixing a biostimulator settling at the bottom of the tank and ensure a uniform concentration of the biostimulator throughout the tank.

The separated tubers are kept in the tank for 3-5 minutes, removed by unloading conveyors 4 and 5 and fed into the drying container 6 with a predetermined drop height.

As a biostimulant with both bactericidal and adhesive properties, we use an aqueous suspension of peat treated with an electro-hydraulic effect. This is an industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, accomplished without the help of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency. The essence of this method is that when a specially formed pulsed electric (spark, wrist and other forms) discharge is discharged inside the volume of liquid in an open or closed vessel around the zone of its transformation, ultrahigh hydraulic pressures arise that can perform useful mechanical work and are accompanied by a complex of physical and chemical phenomena.

As a result of our research, it was proved that electro-hydraulically processed peat (EG peat), which is a highly dispersed emulsion, has significant adhesive ability. EG treatment activates the organic matter and nitrogen of peat, increasing the nutritional value of the processing composition. After EG treatment, the content of the ammonia form of nitrogen in peat increases by 1.5–4 times, the content of water-soluble organic matter increases by 2–3 times, and the group composition of organic matter changes. In the aqueous phase of EG peat, the content of substances of phenolic and indole nature increases, which in certain concentrations have a biostimulating effect.

For potato pelleting, a liquid biostimulator based on EG peat with a moisture content of up to 95%, a density of 1180 kg / m ³ , and a dynamic viscosity of 1250 · 10 ^-6 Pa · s was used. Excessive air pressure in the drums of 20 kPa ensured high-quality perforation of tubers with irregular shape, including tubers of small size.

Thus, with the help of an improved device, the efficiency of the process of perforation of tubers of various shapes and sizes is increased, the fixation and fastening of the biostimulator shell on the tuber surface is improved, the biostimulator is not deposited on the bottom of the tank, and the tubers are independently separated from the drums after the perforation process.

Claims (2)

1. A device for pre-planting treatment of tubers of seed potatoes, containing a container with a biostimulator, which is a highly dispersed mass, with adhesive ability and high nutrition, a working body in the form of exciting rotating drums with an elastic surface, on which are fixed needles for piercing the surface of the tubers, a container for drying located behind the tank, an unloading conveyor installed in the tank, characterized in that the drums with adjustable speed are located in containers with a biostimulator, filled with air under excess pressure and equipped with a system for creating and regulating pressure, the needles are made in the form of a hemisphere or cylinder, have a length of not more than 5 mm and are fixed at a distance of 5-15 mm from each other. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second unloading conveyor, made with the possibility of installation at an angle to the first and providing loading of the treated tubers into a container with a predetermined drop height.

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