RU2581659C2 - Tillage cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of agricultural engineering, in particular to instruments for treatment of soil areas with uneven terrain and tree-clogged solid and inclusions. Cultivation cutter is connected to tractor via hinged system and contains rotated by drive mechanisms milling drum. Drive mechanism has milling drum cranks, rods connected with swinging racks. On milling drum fixed bearing wheels with grinding elements knives. Between carrier disc with grinding elements are placed knives separating fingers. Separating fingers are fixed on soil-compacting plate attached to swinging racks mounted by hinges.

EFFECT: this design is aimed at ensuring creation of a dense lower layer of loose soil and topsoil required for optimal conditions for germination of crops and planting trees.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, can be used for processing areas with uneven terrain and clogged with solid and tree inclusions.

Known tillage cutter containing a milling drum with a protective casing and an equalizer, consisting of sidewalls interconnected by strips (AS USSR No. 1771550, АВВ 33/15. Publ. 30.10.92. Bull. No. 40). During operation, the known device by means of a spring-lead system and planks ensures uniform alignment of the soil after processing.

However, the known device does not provide crushing of solid soil inclusions and rhizomes of plants, which complicates subsequent technological operations for planting or sowing cultivated plants. In addition, most of the solid soil inclusions and rhizomes of plants after the operation of the known device is located on the surface of the treated area of the field, which also prevents subsequent work.

Known rotary working body for grinding soil, including a shaft with bearing disks, to which grinding knives are attached by means of elastic elements (RF Patent 2214077, АВВ 33/10, publ. 20.10.03).

In the known device due to self-oscillations increases the impact energy of grinding elements on the soil. In addition, various options for the directions of oscillation of the elastic elements are proposed. However, the use of elastic elements will not provide a significant increase in loosening forces, since their potential energy is very small (the length and cross sections of the elastic element are limited), which, ultimately, does not provide effective destruction of solid soil inclusions and plant rhizomes. At the same time, the latter, located on the surface of the treated field, will impede the next technological operations.

At the same time, it is known that the processing of soil by milling is ultimately carried out to create favorable conditions for the subsequent planting of trees or cereals. At the same time, the optimal conditions for germination, for example, cereal grains, are considered when the grains are laid on a denser layer of soil (bed), made at the bottom, and covered with loosened soil from above. Then, through the loosened upper layer, the kernel of the grain is warmed well by air, and the necessary moisture flows through the capillaries of the lower dense layer. The known rotary working body does not provide, as a result of loosening, the production of denser lower soil layers and looser upper ones, since it produces uniform loosening throughout the entire layer. Moreover, in the upper layers of the cultivated soil, solid soil inclusions and the remains of plant rhizomes remain.

The proposed device eliminates the above drawbacks and ensures the formation of a lower compacted soil layer and a homogeneous loose upper layer as a result of machining. For this purpose, a tillage mill having a working body a milling drum with bearing discs and chopping elements-knives, also having a hinged system and corresponding drive mechanisms, is also additionally equipped with special dividing fingers mounted on the soil-sealing plates. At the same time, dividing fingers are placed between the bearing discs, which makes it possible to separate and lay solid soil inclusions together with plant rhizomes in the lower soil layers. In addition, the proposed tillage mill is equipped with cranks on the drive mechanisms of the working body of the milling drum, and the dividing fingers with the soil-sealing plate are mounted on the swinging posts, which are mounted using hinges. The swinging racks are connected to the cranks by means of connecting rods, which, ultimately, provides the opportunity to more densely compact the lower soil layer, creating favorable conditions subsequently for the germination of cultivated plants.

The drawings show the proposed tillage mill, where in FIG. 1 is a side view; FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 3 — Separating finger is separately shown, and FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the work of a tillage cutter.

The tillage mill has a working body, a drum 1 with supporting discs 2 mounted on it, on which grinding elements-knives 3 are mounted. There is a hinged system 4 for connecting the tillage mill with a tractor (the latter is not shown conventionally in the drawing) and drive mechanisms 5 of the working body of the drum 1 Between the supporting disks 2 with grinding elements 3, dividing fingers 6 are mounted on the packing plates 7. The packing plates 7 are attached to the swinging posts 8. Swing The struts 8, in turn, are installed using hinges 9. The drive mechanisms 5 of the working body of the drum 1 have cranks 10 connected to the swinging strut 8 by means of connecting rods 11.

When the tillage mill is operating, the drive mechanisms 5 provide transmission of rotation from the tractor’s power take-off shaft (power take-off shaft and tractor are not shown conventionally) to the working body milling drum 1 with supporting discs 2 mounted on it with chopping elements-knives 3 (see rotation direction ω in Fig. 1). The chopping elements-knives 3 carry away the soil mass with solid and tree inclusions in the direction of their rotation ω (see Fig. 4). In this case, the dividing fingers 6, placed between the carrier disks 2 with the grinding elements 3, prevent the removal of solid and tree inclusions to the surface of the treated field. The distances or gaps between the dividing fingers 6 and the bearing discs 2 are very limited for large solid and tree inclusions to pass between them. The latter, thus, remain at the bottom and move under the tillage plate 7 during translational movement along the field of the tillage mill. Separation occurs, that is, the crushed and loosened parts of the soil mass pass between the dividing fingers 6 and the bearing discs 2 and fall on the surface of the treated field. Solid and tree-like inclusions, in turn, do not pass between the dividing fingers 6 and the bearing disks 2 and fall down under the packing plate 7. The packing plates 7 are attached to the swinging stands 8, which oscillate (see Fig. 1 - position packer plate 7 in the directions V ₁ and V ₂ ). The oscillatory motion of the swinging strut 8 on the hinge 9 is carried out due to the cranks 10 mounted on the drive mechanisms 5. The rotation of the cranks 10 and the reciprocating movements of the connecting rods 11 (see i ₁ and i _{2 of} Fig. 1) provide oscillations to the swinging struts 8 thereby compacting the lower layers of the cultivated soil and placing solid and tree-like soil inclusions there.

Claims (1)

A tillage mill containing a milling drum working body with supporting discs mounted on it, on which grinding knives are mounted, a hinged system and drive mechanisms of the milling drum working element, characterized in that dividing fingers are placed between the bearing disks with grinding knives, mounted on the soil packing the plate, while the latter is attached to the swinging racks, which are installed with the help of hinges, and the drive mechanism of the working body of the milling drum has ivoshipy connected rods with swinging racks.

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