RU2581525C1 - Mechanical defoliator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and may be used for mechanisation of horticultural operations, particularly for mechanical removal of leaves with sprouts of vegetatively propagating tree stocks prior to their division from parent plants. Defoliator has frontal stripping and retaining drums and mounted between them splitters. Working surface of combing drum is made up of wires of elastic rods. Splitters are equipped with open towards combing drum vertical channels with flares in upper part and side walls, penetrating into zone of elastic rods. Bells of adjacent channels adjoin each other, forming ridges.

EFFECT: higher quality of leaf separation with sprouts, such as splitters eliminate contact of end part of rods with shoots at their introduction into band stocks.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for mechanization of gardening, in particular for the mechanical removal of leaves from shoots of vegetatively propagated stocks before their separation from uterine plants.

A device for separating leaves from plant branches [1], containing veterinary bitters with rubber blades and a leaf separator in the form of mounted one above the other bitters with elastic combs.

The main disadvantage of this device is that it works stationary and cannot be used to separate leaves from growing shoots, for example vegetatively propagated stocks.

A known machine for removing leaves from stocks [2, p. 21], containing an installed frontally combing drum with elastic blades.

The main disadvantage of this machine is that the combing drum, acting with force from bottom to top on the anisotropic flow of shoots, does not provide the necessary completeness of leaf removal, damages the bark and buds of plants.

Known working body of the tea harvesting apparatus [3], containing disks fixed to the shaft and a comb mounted parallel to the axis of the shaft. When the apparatus moves along a row of comb, combing the bush, it divides the flushes into portions, and the disks, making a rotational movement, pull the flushes and make them detach.

The disadvantage of this working body is that it only separates the apical leaves of shoots and cannot be used to remove leaves along the entire length of shoots of vegetatively propagated stocks.

Known mechanical defoliator [4 - prototype], containing frontally combing and holding drums with working surfaces in the form of a pile of elastic rods and dividers mounted between the drums. In the work, the defoliator tilts the shoots with a rotating holding drum, the dividers form the shoot tape in narrow strips that fall into the rotation zone of the stripping drum, where its elastic rods separate the leaves.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of the process, due to the contradiction between the stiffness of the elastic rods of the stripping drum, the completeness of the removal of leaves and damage to the shoots. Rigid stems better separate leaves from shoots, but have greater damaging ability when exposed to the buds and bark of plants with their ends. At the same time, less rigid elastic rods damage plants less, but do not provide the necessary completeness of removal of leaves from shoots.

The problem solved by the invention is to develop a device for the mechanical removal of leaves from vegetatively propagated stocks, ensuring high-quality execution of the technological process of removing leaves from shoots. The technical result from solving the problem lies in the implementation of the separation of leaves without damage to the buds and bark of the shoots.

The object of the invention is solved in that the mechanical defoliator, comprising frontally combing drums and holding in front of it drums with working surfaces in the form of a pile of elastic rods and dividers mounted between the drums, is distinguished by the fact that the dividers are equipped with vertical channels with sockets open towards the combing drum in the upper part and side walls penetrating into the zone of elastic rods of the stripping drum, while the bells of the channels of adjacent dividers imykayut to each other, forming ridges.

High-quality work of the proposed defoliator is achieved by the fact that the dividers equipped with vertical channels with side walls penetrating into the zone of elastic rods exclude the contact of the end part of these rods with shoots when they are introduced into the stock rootstock.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a mechanical defoliator, side view; FIG. 2 - same, plan view; FIG. 3 is a view of the dividers along arrow A of FIG. one; FIG. 4 is a section BB of FIG. one.

The mechanical defoliator contains frontally stripping 1 and holding 2 drums, between which dividers 3 are mounted. The working surface of at least the stripping drum 1 is made in the form of a pile of elastic rods 4. The dividers 3 are equipped with channels 5 with sockets open towards the stripping drum 1 6 in the upper part and side walls 7 penetrating into the zone of elastic rods 4. The bells of the channels of adjacent dividers are adjacent to each other, forming ridges 8 above the middle of the through slots 9 between the races ekatelyami 3.

In the work, the mechanical defoliator is installed approximately symmetrically to the axis of the tape of shoots of vegetatively propagated stocks. Scrubbing 1 and holding 2 drums rotate in opposite directions (along arrows ω). In this case, the ridges 8 divide the pile along the length of the stripping drum 1 into parts, and the sockets 6 form elastic rods 4 into bundles and guide them in a compressed form into the channels 5. Then, the defoliator, moving forward in the direction of the arrow ϑ, tilts the shoots 10 vegetatively by a rotating holding drum 2 breeding stocks and due to the friction of the branches on the surface stretches them and orientates along the line of the row. Next, the dividers 3 form a shoot ribbon in narrow strips, which, moving along the cracks 9 along the side walls 7 of the channels 5, fall into the crevices 11 between the bundles of elastic rods 4, bypassing their end part. At the exit from the channels 5, the elastic rods 4 are pressed against the shoots located in the crevices between the bundles of elastic rods with their lateral surface, and with further rotation of the drum 1, leaves are removed from them. After the defoliator passes, the shoots are straightened.

The effectiveness of a mechanical defoliator is achieved by significantly improving the quality of work by reducing damage to shoots and increasing the completeness of leaf removal.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 701576, class A01D 46/00, 1979.

2. Machines and equipment for mechanization of work in nurseries: catalog / VDNH USSR. - M.: VDNH USSR, 1989 .-- 102 p.

3. A.S. USSR No. 709026, class A01D 46/04, 1980.

4. Patent RU No. 144793, cl. A01G 3/00, 2014.

Claims (2)

1. Mechanical defoliator, containing frontally stripping and holding drums in front of it with working surfaces in the form of a pile of elastic rods and dividers mounted between the drums, characterized in that the dividers are provided with vertical channels open to the side of the stripping drum with bells in the upper part and side walls penetrating into the zone of elastic rods of the stripping drum. 2. The defoliator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sockets of the channels of adjacent dividers are adjacent to each other, forming ridges.

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