RU2572356C1 - Rotor-type windmill with circular airflow concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.SUBSTANCE: claimed windmill comprises the bearing truss composed of at least three supports. Top and bottom bearing sites are secured to the latter. The housings of top and bottom bearings are secured to said bearing sites coaxially with the bores. Vertical airflow guides are arranged around the bearing truss. Conical airflow guides are arranged around the top and bottom support sites. The vertical and comical airflow guides are rigidly secured to the bearing truss and to each other to make the circular airflow concentrator. Said bearing truss inside is separated by extra sites with bores at the centre and the bearings at the section. The number of said bearings equal to the number of rotors fitted in the bearing truss, each with its shaft. One extension of the shaft has the seat for bearings and the shank. The shaft opposite extension has the shank only. The rotors' shaft extensions with seats and shank run in the bearings fitted at the support sites. The opposite extensions of rotor shafts are arranged in the truss adjacent sections are engaged by swivel joint. The shank of rotor shaft extension at top section is articulated with the shank of roller fitted by its seat in the top bearing located at the bearing housing at the top support site. The shank at the rotor shaft extension at the truss bottom section is articulated with the shaft of electric power consuming hardware.EFFECT: higher power output and reliability, longer life.3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to rotor-type wind turbines with a vertical shaft of rotation, which can most effectively be used by decentralized energy consumers, in particular agricultural purposes, such as farms, livestock farms, farms, sheep farms, cottages, recreation camps remote from power supply networks.

State of the art

Known vertical-axis rotor turbine in the hybrid energy complex - wind + sun. LLC NPP ENEXIS (energy-ecological systems).

“Alternative energy and energy conservation in the regions of Russia: materials of a scientific and practical seminar, Astrakhan, April 14-16, 2010 comp. L.X. Zainutdinova. - Astrakhan: Publishing House Astrakhan University. 2010 .-- 102 p. see p. 97-100, fig. 1 and 2, Russia, Moscow, e-mail: windrotor@gmail.com www.enecsis.ru.

This vertical-axis rotor turbine is a series of rotors operating according to the Savonius principle, rigidly mounted on one shaft, which is installed in a flat frame support, and the lower and upper ends are fixed in the bearings installed in it.

The flat frame support is supported upright by braces. The height of the wind farm is 11 m; the weight of all rotors is perceived by one lower bearing.

The first drawback of this turbine is that when the wind acts on the flat frame support, the stretch marks do not protect it from vibrations, skews, bends of the shaft and dynamic unbalance of the rotating part, which will negatively affect the operation of the bearings, the connection of the lower end of the shaft with the generator, reliability and the health of the installation as a whole.

The second disadvantage is that, due to its instability, the flat frame support does not allow installing an air flow concentrator on it, which could send a significantly larger mass of air to the rotors with an increase in its speed, which would increase the power of the wind turbine.

Known wind turbine "EOL" (see RF Patent No. 211165 C1. Wind turbine "EOL"). The wind turbine contains a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation, located inside freely rotating around the vertical axis of the wind guide screens. Each wind guide screen is located in the sector of free rotation, where its extreme positions are defined by a straight line passing through the axis of rotation of the wind turbine and the wind guide screen, and tangent to the circle formed by the extreme outer point of the open tip of the blade passing through the axis of rotation of the wind guide screen.

The first drawback of the design of the wind turbine is that it does not provide simultaneous operation of several wind turbines located on the same shaft one above the other, which significantly limits the possibilities of its further development in order to increase the power of the wind turbine.

The second drawback of the design of the wind turbine is that the issue of fastening complex blades and wind guides interacting with each other remained unresolved, existing at the level of the idea, which does not have a basic support for its implementation even for one wind turbine.

The third significant drawback is that the windshields are made to rotate freely around the vertical axis, which complicates their design and impairs the operation of the wind turbine. Variability of the direction of movement of the wind, even in short periods of time, and the inconsistency of its force will lead to a constant fluctuation of the wind-guiding screens and even to their inhibition of the air flow. Moving wind-directional screens, from the position of design and reliability of their operation during operation, are irrational. The issue of their fastening is not resolved. The fastening of the windshields should be rigid, without rotation.

Known wind turbine with blades "bell" or "Ajax" (see RF Patent No. 2135823 C1. Wind turbine with blades "bell" or "Ajax").

Structurally, the wind turbine contains a wind turbine, in which each blade has a complex shape, consisting of many parts interacting with each other and with wind-guiding screens freely rotating in the range limited by the complex structure of the wind turbine.

The first disadvantage of this device is that it does not solve the issue of fastening the proposed wind guides.

The second drawback is the impossibility of the joint work of two, three or more wind turbines located on the same shaft together with the wind guides, since a special truss is needed for their placement and fastening.

A third disadvantage is that the windshields are rotatable around a vertical axis. Variability of the direction of wind movement even in short periods of time, measured in seconds, will lead to a constant fluctuation of the wind-guiding screens. They will not have time to react to a change in the direction of the wind due to the influence of their mass and inertia, will not perform their functions, but will worsen the operation of the wind turbine.

The task of fixing both the wind turbine and the wind-guiding screens remained unresolved.

Although in the considered inventions the task of fastening a wind turbine and wind guiding screens was not posed, but without at least a fundamental solution there is no wind turbine, but there is only the principle of interaction between a wind turbine, wind and wind guiding screens.

A description of a utility model of a wind turbine is known (see certificate for utility model PU No. 7453 U1. Wind turbine). The wind turbine contains a system of radially arranged wind-guiding screens and a rotating turbine located inside it, the blades of which are made in the form of aerodynamic profiles.

A design feature of the wind turbine is that there is a rejection of structurally complex turbine blades and the use of aerodynamic profiles as the most reliable and promising. The second feature is the rejection of movable windshield screens that do not provide their functions, and rigidly fixed windshield screens are used, which confirms the correctness of our conclusions.

The disadvantage of this wind turbine is that the issue of fastening wind-guiding screens is not resolved. Thus, there is only the principle of interaction of aerodynamic blades, air flow and wind-guiding screens.

A known wind turbine (see RF Patent No. 2074980 C1. Wind turbine). This wind turbine contains a rotating turbine with a vertical axis, located inside the system of guide screens. A feature of the wind turbine is that each wind-guiding screen freely rotating around the vertical axis is directly oriented to the blade of the wind turbine.

The disadvantage of the wind turbine is that the guides having a low mass will constantly vibrate depending on the variability of the wind direction, obstructing the movement of the air flow. Large-sized wind guides will not have time to respond to the changing direction of the wind, but will mostly slow down the air flow. Adjusting the magnitude of the sector of operation of wind guides in the conditions of minute variation in wind direction does not make sense.

Known structural cable-stayed wind turbine (see certificate for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 870 U1). The wind turbine consists of separate modules, in which the shafts of the wind turbines are connected using bolt flanges, and the wind-guiding screens, consisting of a system of profiled sheets, are made movable with a complex mount using cable-stayed braces.

The disadvantages of a wind turbine are as follows. The first drawback is that the wind turbine shafts have a rigid flange fastening with bolts. Such a fastening causes jamming of the shaft ends in the bearings, a long shaft is subject to greater bending, and the rotor - to dynamic unbalance.

The second drawback is the movable fastening of wind guides, which also consist of individual parts. This design of wind turbines is clearly irrational.

Known wind power installation with a vertical axis (see Patent RU No. 2229398 C2, publ. July 20, 2008), comprising a support frame, a main vertical shaft mounted for rotation on a support frame; a fastener mounted on a main vertical shaft.

The claims do not say that the support frame is divided into a number of sections. However, the description of the invention indicates the possibility of forming a series of sections in it for mounting a shaft with support frames. The drawings of FIG. 4 and 12, on which the sections are formed by transverse consoles 3 with intermediate bearings 66 mounted on them.

The disadvantage of this design is that in all sections through the intermediate bearings 66, mounted on the transverse consoles 3, a solid shaft 5 passes, and the support frame 4 with supports 2 under pressure of the wind will deform. Given the design of the frame, the vertical elements of each section will be deformed according to the parallelogram rule. In this case, the axis of each bearing will shift relative to the other and from their total initial alignment. Simply put, their axes will not coincide, which, with slight deformation of the frame, causes significant jamming of the shaft. The shaft itself will also experience alternating bending and reinforcing elements 5a will not help it, because the bending of the shaft will take place close to the bearing seat and be reinforced by the same reinforcing element 5a, which will not allow the shaft to bend uniformly along the entire length of the section. In the drawing of FIG. 12, the amplification elements 5a were completely abandoned, which confirms their futility.

From the standpoint of the theory of resistance of materials, this shaft is a multi-support beam, which is difficult to ensure normal rotation. In this case, even self-aligning bearings do not help. In such cases, cardan connections with splines are established between the individual parts of the shaft. It should also be noted that the full weight of the rotor will be perceived by the thrust bearing, causing it to fail. This disadvantage of such designs is well known, and the problem can be solved by distributing the weight between all the intermediate bearings 66. But it is not solved in this design in any way.

On the shaft 5 there are no support belts with which it rests on the inner lens of the bearing. The manufacture of a single shaft with support belts and the use of bearings with different diameters of the inner hole, allowing each bearing to be installed in its intended place on the shaft, does not solve the problem. It is practically difficult to do this so that the load is evenly distributed over the bearings. Necessarily one bearing will be loaded with all the weight of the shaft with the elements fixed on it. The problem can be solved only by dividing the solid shaft into parts and connecting them with cardans with splines in the shanks, which allows axial movement.

Thus, it is obvious that the installation of mounting brackets 3 with bearings 66 can be considered centering devices, since they do not absorb vertical load, that is, sections can be, but there are no bearing pads that take the weight of the shaft with its elements.

The model tested in the wind tunnel, following the description, had a height of 80 cm and a diameter of 40 cm. With such dimensions, there will be no deformation of the main shaft 5, and the intermediate mounting consoles with bearings will not show their negative effect, and there is no need to install them in the model. When operating a full-size wind turbine, all these shortcomings will fully manifest themselves.

A vertical multi-jet wind turbine is known (see US Pat. No. 4,047,834 A, published September 13, 1977) containing a support truss around which radially vertical air flow guides are installed, and conical air flow guides are installed around the upper and lower support platforms, with vertical guides and conical airflow guides are rigidly bonded to the support truss and to each other, forming an annular airflow concentrator.

It should be noted that this rotor turbine design is one separate unit, as evidenced by the drawings of FIG. 1, 2, 7. However, as shown in FIG. 4, a multi-block wind turbine can be made up of these blocks by building these blocks one on top of the other and connecting the respective ends of the rotor shafts to each other with the clutches 27 of FIG. 2. Of course, ring concentrators of blocks adjacent to each other should be rigidly fastened. In this design of a single-block wind turbine, the weight of the rotor is perceived by the supporting platform of the block in which it is placed, and a separate block can reliably work.

The disadvantages of a multi-unit, rotary wind turbine, deprived of a solid bearing truss, is the lack of rigidity and complexity of its design, the resulting vertical loading of the coupling 27, since it does not have the ability to move vertically on the connected shafts and relieve this load, which in this case will be distributed to all bearing units. In a multi-unit rotary wind turbine, intermediate hubs become unnecessary (see Fig. 4), one of the supporting platforms in each block becomes redundant. However, elements such as vertical and conical airflow guides, which are essential distinguishing features of this invention, are taken into account in a limited part of the application, since they characterize the level of perfection of rotary wind turbines.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a rotary engine with a vertical shaft of rotation, containing a rotor, whose working bodies are blades made in the form of a part of a hollow sphere or part of a hollow cylinder, mounted on a vertical shaft, at the ends of which installed upper and lower bearings, located respectively in the upper and lower bearing housings mounted on the upper and lower supporting platforms of the support truss, consisting of at least of three bearings connected to each other in one rigid structural unit by the upper and lower rungs, to which the upper and lower bearing pads with holes in the center are attached respectively, and the bearing housings of the upper and lower bearings are attached coaxially with the holes so that the rotor the upper and lower ends of the shaft with the upper and lower bearings placed on them are installed in the bearing housings and placed inside the support truss between the support platforms with the possibility of its rotation (with m RF patent No. 2263815 C1).

The rotary engine operates as follows.

When the wind flow runs onto the working bodies, powerful transverse forces (Magnus effect) and direct wind pressure forces arise, under the influence of which the rotor rotates, resting on the upper and lower bearings located in the upper and lower bearing housings, which are rigidly connected to the upper and lower supporting platforms with holes in the center and aligned with them. Since the bearing pads are rigidly connected by rungs to the supports of the supporting truss and the whole structure is a single rigid structural unit, this prevents deformation of the upper and lower bearing pads themselves, eliminates distortions and clamps of the ends of the rotor shaft in the bearings, thereby reducing friction energy losses, increases the efficiency of the wind turbine and increases its reliability.

The disadvantages of a rotary engine with a vertical shaft of rotation adopted for the prototype include the following.

It is possible to place only one rotor inside the support truss between the supporting platforms, fixed by the shaft ends in bearings with bearing housings mounted on the supporting platforms, which provides the rotor with stable and reliable operation, but does not allow installing additional rotors and creating multi-rotor wind turbines of increased power.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a rotor wind turbine, the support truss of which allows you to install inside it the required number of rotors, interconnected by the ends of their shafts by articulation so that the rotors work without distortions and jamming of their ends of the shafts in the bearings, which will increase power and increase its reliability work.

The technical result of this invention is to increase the power of the wind turbine not only due to the geometric dimensions of the rotors, but also due to their number, working as one mechanism, per consumer of mechanical energy of the rotating shaft, as well as increasing the reliability of its operation.

The technical result is achieved in that the support truss inside is divided by additional platforms with holes in the center and bearing housings mounted on them with bearings into sections, the number of which is equal to the number of rotors installed in the support truss, each of which has its own shaft, which has one end a seat for the bearing and shank, and at the other end there is only a shank; in this case, the rotors along the sections with the ends of the shafts having a seat and a shank are installed in bearings located in bearing housings mounted on bearing pads, while the ends of the shafts of the rotors located in adjacent sections of the truss, having shanks located opposite each other, are connected between a swivel link, ensuring their joint rotation; wherein the shank at the end of the rotor shaft installed in the upper section is pivotally connected to the shaft of the roller, which is seated in the upper bearing located on the upper bearing pad in the bearing housing, and the shank located on the end of the rotor shaft installed in the lower section truss, articulated to the shaft of the consumer of mechanical energy.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a general view of a rotor wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator (vertical air flow guides in front of the rotors are not shown for better visualization of the support truss device and rotor connection by articulation, and the wind motor is mounted on its feet on the foundations).

In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator, which shows the installation of vertical air flow guides, a lower conical air flow guide, mounting the wind turbine on its feet on the foundations.

In FIG. 3 shows the interconnection of the shanks of the rotor shafts by articulation.

The implementation of the invention

A rotary wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator consists of: a support farm 1, consisting of at least three supports 2 and supported by at least three legs 3, mounted on foundations 4; between the supports 2, the farm 1 is divided in height by section into supporting sections 5 with openings in the center and bearing housings 6 with bearings 7 fixed on these supporting platforms 5; all rotors 8 are installed in the formed sections, and at the ends of the shafts 9 have: on one end of the shaft a seat 10 for the bearing 7 and a shank 11 for mounting with a pivot link 12, and on the other end of the shaft only a shank 13.

The ends of the shafts 9, having a shank 11 and a seat 10 for the bearing 7, are mounted by the seats 10 in the bearings 7, while their shanks 11 are located under the bearing pads 5 on which the rotors 8 are installed. As a result of this installation, the ends of the shafts 9 of the rotors 8, having only shanks 13, are located with their shanks 13 opposite the shanks 11 of the rotors 8 installed above on the supporting platforms 5. The shanks 11 of the ends of the shafts 9 and the shanks 13 of the ends of the shafts 9 are interconnected by means of a hinge 12. The shank 13 located at the end of the shaft 9 of the upper rotor 8, it is connected in a similar way to the shaft 11 of the shaft 14, mounted by the seat 10 in the upper bearing 7, similar to the fastening of all shafts 9, but the roller 14 ends only with the seat 10 under the bearing 7 and serves as a support for the upper the end of the shaft 9 of the uppermost rotor 8. The shank 11 located on the end of the shaft 9 of the lower rotor 8 is connected by a similar articulation to the shaft of the consumer of mechanical energy (electric generator, mill, etc.).

Around the proposed support farm 1, which together with the rotors is the essence of the invention, an annular concentrator 15 of the air flow 16 is installed, which contains vertical guides 17 of the air flow 16 mounted radially around the support farm 1 to its entire height, the upper conical guide 18 of the air flow 16, installed around the upper supporting platform 5, and the lower conical guide 19 of the air flow 16 mounted around the lower supporting platform 5. Vertical guides 17, the upper 18 and lower 19 conical guides and the air stream 16 is rigidly connected using structural elements 20 and 21 with the supporting truss 1 and with each other, forming an annular hub 15 of the air stream 16.

Rotary wind turbine with a ring concentrator of air flow operates as follows.

If there is wind from any direction, the air stream 16 (see Figs. 1 and 2) encounters an annular hub 15 on its way and, using vertical guides 17, an upper cone guide 18 and a lower cone guide 19, is directed to the rotors 8, where it exerts pressure on the concave and convex surfaces of the blades. Due to the fact that the concave surfaces have a significantly greater resistance to air flow compared with the convex surfaces of the blades, a torque arises that causes the rotors to rotate.

The purpose of the vertical guides 17, the upper cone guide 18 and the lower cone guide 19 is that they, forming a significantly larger area inlet for the air flow, capture a significantly larger mass of air and direct it to the rotors 8. Moreover, as a result of the fact that the inlet the area of the ring concentrator 15 is larger and the outlet is smaller, the air flow passing through the smaller outlet area, according to the law of continuity of the flow, is forced to significantly increase its speed in proportion to th input and output areas. In this case, the air flow rate increases by 2-3 times. From aerodynamics it is known that the power of a wind turbine depends on the speed of air in the cube. Consequently, the power of the wind turbine increases theoretically by 8-27 times. In practice, its increase can be either greater or less, depending on a number of design features of the blades of a rotor wind turbine operating on the Savonius principle, which are not considered in the application.

Under the pressure of the air flow to the blades, the rotors 8 rotate and transmit mechanical energy using their rotating shafts 9, interconnected by an articulated link 12, to the consumer of mechanical energy.

Under the influence of wind pressure, the entire structure of the supporting truss will undergo some deformation. There will also be a misalignment between the shafts 9 of the individual rotors 8. Since the shafts 9 are interconnected 12, these misalignments will not have any effect on the normal operation of the rotors.

Ultimately, the energy of the rotating shafts is transmitted to the actuator using this energy - an electric generator, mill, crusher.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages.

Increased power:

due to the improved support farm of the wind turbine, which allows, thanks to the separation of its support platforms into sections and the replacement of rigid flange joints of the shafts by articulation, the number of rotors in the wind turbine can be increased with a significant increase in its power;

due to the use of an annular air flow concentrator, directing a large mass of air from any direction of wind to the rotor blades using vertical guides, upper and lower cone guides with a simultaneous increase in its speed and pressure on the rotor blades;

due to the combination of vertical air flow guides with upper and lower conical guides, which reduces air leakage in the upper and lower parts of the wind turbine during the formation of air backwater and increases the completeness of use of the mass of air flow captured by the ring concentrator and increases the power of the wind turbine.

Increased reliability and performance:

due to bearing pads on which bearing housings are installed with bearings that perceive each of them with the weight of only the rotor installed on it, which increases their performance;

due to the connection of the ends of the shafts by a swivel connection, which ensures the normal operation of all rotors when there is a misalignment of their shafts during deformation of the support truss under the influence of wind gusts and provides pressure on the bearing of the rotor installed only on it.

These advantages provide the opportunity to build multi-rotor wind turbines with a significant increase in their power both due to the number of rotors and due to an increase in their size.

Claims (1)

A rotary wind turbine with an annular air flow concentrator, comprising a support truss consisting of at least three supports, to which the upper and lower bearing pads with holes in the center are attached, respectively, and the upper and lower bearing housings coaxially with the holes are attached to the bearing pads, around radial vertical air flow guides are installed on the supporting truss, and conical air flow guides are installed around the upper and lower supporting platforms, while vertical the regulators and conical guides of the air flow are rigidly bonded with the support truss and between themselves, forming an annular concentrator of air flow, characterized in that the support truss inside is divided by additional pads with holes in the center and bearing housings mounted on them with bearings into sections, the number of which is equal to the number rotors installed in the support farm, each of which has its own shaft, at one end of which there is a seat for the bearing and shank, and at the other end there is shank only; in this case, the rotors along the sections with the ends of the shafts having a seat and a shank are installed in bearings located in bearing housings mounted on bearing pads, while the ends of the shafts of the rotors located in adjacent sections of the truss, having shanks located opposite each other, are connected between a swivel link, ensuring their joint rotation; wherein the shank at the end of the rotor shaft installed in the upper section is pivotally connected to the shaft of the roller, which is seated in the upper bearing located on the upper bearing pad in the bearing housing, and the shank located on the end of the rotor shaft installed in the lower section truss, articulated to the shaft of the consumer of mechanical energy.

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