RU2570565C1 - Method of producing vermicompost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing vermicompost comprises the use of leaf litter and entering into the substrate of compost worm Eisenia fetida. The leaf litter is used as litter of poplar Populus nigra, which is mixed with the highbog peat in a ratio of 1:8 by weight, and water is added to achieve the moisture content of 70-80%. Into the obtained substrate the population of Eisenia fetida is added at a rate of 20% by dry weight of the substrate and vermicomposted for 25-30 days.

EFFECT: obtaining vermicompost with increased content of calcium salts and quantitative predominance of calcium over potassium.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and ecology, namely the production of vermicompost with a high content of calcium. The invention can be used to improve productivity and increase the resistance of agricultural plants to stress and disease.

There is a method of vermicomposting, in which mixtures based on manure and cellulose-containing filler (peat, straw, sawdust, etc.) are used as a substrate for vermiculture (Morev Yu.B. Artificial breeding of earthworms. - Frunze, 1990. - 62 s .).

A disadvantage of the analogue is a deficiency of calcium compounds in the starting substrates.

There is also a method of vermicomposting vegetable waste mixed with lime and straw (RU 2255077).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of insoluble forms of calcium to change the pH of the substrate. The amount of calcium available for plants, according to the known method is also small.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the technical nature and the achieved technical result is the method according to patent RU 2393137.

According to the prototype, vermicompost is obtained by mixing cattle manure (cattle) with defecate in a ratio of 3: 1 by volume, followed by the inclusion of the mixture into garden soil in equal proportions and the addition of organic filler in an amount of 15-20% of the substrate volume. This method is adopted as a prototype of the invention.

A common feature is that leaf litter is added to the vermicultivation mixture, which in the prototype acts as an organic filler. The disadvantages of the prototype: the authors of the prototype use mixed leaf litter from different types of trees, which allows to increase the intensity of the waste processing process, but does not provide vermicompost with a high content of calcium. At the same time, as you know, the ratio of "Ca ²⁺ / K ⁺ " is extremely important for the root formation process and is critical for the survival of a juvenile (young) plant under stressful conditions.

An object of the invention is to obtain vermicompost with a high content of calcium salts and a quantitative predominance of calcium over potassium.

The problem is solved as follows. As the main food substrate for the composting worm Eisenia fetida, leaf litter from a woody plant - black poplar (Populus nigra) is used. Litter from this type of tree contains a large amount of calcium salts. According to the invention, this substrate is obtained by mixing leaf litter with horse peat 1: 8 by weight, followed by planting a mixture of Eisenia fetida worms in an amount of 20% of the dry weight of the mixture. Vermicomposting is carried out at 70-80% substrate moisture.

Peat peat is a hygroscopic absorbing material depleted in minerals. Its function in the method according to the invention is to reduce the toxicity of ammonia released during the decomposition of organic waste, as well as to give the worm habitat optimal structural and mechanical properties.

Poplar leaf litter contains very little nitrogen and potassium, but a lot of lignin and calcium salts. The presence of a variety of calcium salts makes it a promising substrate for vermicompost with a calcium / potassium ratio shifted towards calcium. In turn, this will allow the use of this vermicultivation product as a top dressing that increases the resistance of plants to stress and disease (Ray A Bressan, Paul M Hasegawa, Jose M Pardo. Plants use calcium to resolve salt stress // Trends in Plant Science. - vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 411-412, 1998; BW Poovaiah, ASN Reddy - Calcium and Signal Transduction in Plants // Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. - vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 185-185, 1993 )

The method is carried out in the following steps:

1. The initial substrate is obtained by mixing poplar (Populus nigra) leaf litter with high peat in a ratio of 1: 8. Both components are pre-dried to air-dry weight.

2. A worm population of Eisenia fetida is planted in the initial substrates in a mass amount of 20% of the dry weight of the mixture.

3. Vermicomposting is carried out at 70-80% moisture content of the substrates for 30 days.

Table 1 presents the results of a comparative analysis of some chemical parameters of vermicompost and vermicompost obtained by us on the basis of a traditional substrate - manure.

Table 1 - Chemical parameters of vermicompost obtained from manure and poplar leaf litter

Parameter Vermicompost based on the substrate: Manure Poplar litter K ⁺ content, mEq / kg 28.9 ± 1.1 16.78 ± 0.58 * The content of Ca ²⁺ , mEq / kg 24.4 ± 7.2 98.5 ± 1.73 * The ratio of "Ca ²⁺ / K ⁺ " 0.84 5.9 *

Note: * - differences statistically significant at p <0.05

Thus, in the obtained vermicompost based on a mixture of peat and poplar litter, the calcium content and the ratio “calcium / potassium content” are significantly higher than in vermicompost obtained on the basis of a traditional substrate - manure.

Testing of the obtained vermicompost was carried out on isolated sprouts of Nevsky potato, which were germinated in hydroponic vessels seasoned with water extracts (1:25) from vermicompost. Vermicompost obtained from a mixture of peat and horse manure was used as a control. The estimated indicator is the relative weight of the roots formed during germination. This parameter is an integral assessment of the root formation process.

The test results of vermicompost are presented in table 2.

Table 2 - Relative weight of the roots of potato seedlings of the Nevsky variety grown on extracts from vermicompost based on manure and based on poplar litter

Experience option The relative weight of the roots,% The number of repetitions of experience Average Medium error Manure-based vermicompost 10 10.15 3 Poplar Vermicompost 10 17.2 * 3,5

Note: * - differences statistically significant at p <0.05

As can be seen from table 2, for Nevsky potato sprouts cultivation on vermicompost, obtained on the basis of poplar litter, leads to a significant increase in the relative weight of the roots in relation to the variant with vermicompost obtained from manure. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the extracts from vermicompost based on poplar leaf litter have a beneficial effect on the stability and survival of Nevsky potato sprouts used to propagate valuable seed material.

List of references

1. Morev Yu.B. Artificial breeding of earthworms. - Frunze, 1990 .-- 62 p.

2. Patent No. 2255077, IPC C05F 3/00, December 29, 2003.

3. Patent No. 2393137, IPC C05F 3/00, 11.24.2008.

4. Ray A Bressan, Paul M Hasegawa, José M Pardo. Plants use calcium to resolve salt stress // Trends in Plant Science. - vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 411-412, 1998.

5. B. W. Poovaiah, A. S. N. Reddy - Calcium and Signal Transduction in Plants // Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. - vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 185-185, 1993.

Claims (1)

A method of producing vermicompost, including the use of leaf litter and the addition of composting worm Eisenia fetida to the substrate, characterized in that the leaf litter uses poplar populus nigra litter, which is mixed with horse peat in a ratio of 1: 8 by weight, water is added until humidity reaches 70 -80%, the population of Eisenia fetida is added to the obtained substrate at the rate of 20% of the dry weight of the substrate and vermicompost for 25-30 days.