RU2569723C1 - Mulcher seeder for sowing of crops with zero treatment of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: mulcher seeder comprises a frame with two support-driving wheels and a tractor-drawn device, a front support pneumatic self-centring wheel, a seed and fertiliser box, sowing mechanisms and anchor ploughshares with springs. The ploughshare stand comprises an upper inclined and a lower vertical parts and is hingedly connected at the top with the start of an inclined channel rigidly connected to the frame. The middle of the stand is connected to the end of the channel by means of the bracket rigidly fixed in the middle of the stand. The latter also comprises a spring, a sliding stem with holes hingedly fixed at the top and bottom, and a fixing pin. Bars fixed to each other are attached to the vertical lower part of the ploughshare stand at both sides. Bars have a horizontal part ending in the plane of the end of anchor ploughshare cheeks and a descending part contacting with soil. The descending part is made along the line of least resistance and is a bed for a plate filling the sown seeds by soil with its further compaction. The plate is attached to the lower surface of the bars of the descending part and follows its shape. The front part of the plate to the side opposite to the soil surface is made as concave, smoothly reducing from the start to the end of the front part. The rear part of the plate in direction of the soil surface is made as convex, smoothly increasing from the start to the end of the latter.

EFFECT: seeder design has lower metal intensity, the seeder makes it possible to perform high-quality seeding of crops.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to grain seeders for sowing grain crops.

A multi-level stubble grain seeder is known (utility model patent No. 31905, A01C 7/00 of 02/17/2003), designed to introduce seed and fertilizer into the soil in the presence of stubble and a layer of chopped straw on the soil surface. The seeder contains a frame with a tow hitch, a front double support wheel, a grain-fertilizer hopper, sowing units, tubular coulters, packer rollers, rear support wheels installed sequentially along the extreme coulters. The disadvantages of such a seeder are:

- the impossibility of high-quality performance of the technological process of sowing seeds due to clogging of openers due to the significant width of the rack;

- the complexity of the design of openers;

- significant metal consumption of the sowing process, due to the presence of massive press rollers.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a stubble cultivator seeder SZS-2,1, designed for ordinary sowing of crops with simultaneous cutting of weeds, introducing granular fertilizers into rows and rolling soil in sowed rows on stubble backgrounds in areas with soils exposed to wind erosion (Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos. - 1983. - S. 143-144). The seeder contains a frame with a hook-on device, a support pneumatic self-aligning wheel, a grain-fertilizer box, sowing units, coulters with springs, a support drive and a rolling device. A seeder of this design provides several technological operations in one pass: pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, destruction of weeds, sowing with fertilizers and rolling. This seeder works mainly in the fields on which the main subsurface tillage is carried out. However, with zero tillage, when weeds on the field surface are destroyed by herbicides, this machine has great traction resistance and the coulters are “clogged” with the remains of weeds. This drawback is due to the design of the lancet opener, which has a large rack width, and the lancet design of the paw helps pull stubble and residues on the field surface into the roll, which clogs the intershell space with excessive increase. Moreover, a significant drawback of this machine is the excessive compaction of the topsoil, which leads to uneven seedlings of crops.

The objective of the technical solution is the possibility of high-quality sowing of grain crops with zero tillage in areas subject to wind erosion.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the stubble seeder for sowing crops with zero tillage, including a frame with a towing device, a front support pneumatic self-aligning wheel, grain box, sowing machines, coulters with springs, support-drive and rolling device, unlike the prototype contains two support drive wheels and anchor coulters, and the coulter rack consists of an upper inclined and lower vertical parts and is pivotally connected from above to the beginning of the inclined channel, rigidly connected to the frame, and the middle of the rack is connected to the end of the channel by means of a bracket rigidly mounted on the middle of the rack, a spring, a retractable rod with holes, pivotally mounted on top of the inclined channel and from below to the middle of the coulter rack, and a fixing finger, while to the vertical lower part of the coulter stand on both sides are connected rods fastened to each other and having a horizontal part ending in the plane of the end of the cheeks of the anchor coulter and a falling part in contact the soil with the soil, made along the line of least resistance and which is the bed for the plate that fills the sown seeds with soil with its subsequent compaction, which is attached to the lower surface of the rods of the falling part and copies its shape, while the front part of the plate to the side opposite to the soil surface is made concave, gradually decreasing from the beginning to the end of the front part, and the rear part in the direction of the soil surface is convex, gradually increasing from the beginning to the end of the latter, while the width of The back part of the plate is equal to the distance between the outer sides of the bars on the rack and is made tapering to its end, and the front part of the plate smoothly goes to the back part, which starts from the middle of the bed, its width is equal to the width of the end of the front part and is 2/3 of the width of the beginning of the last.

A new set of essential features of a technical solution allows for high-quality sowing of grain crops with zero tillage in areas subject to wind erosion, in addition:

- due to the lack of massive press rollers, the metal consumption of the sowing process is reduced;

- due to the lack of a wide opener rack and the pulling action of the paw, the inter-opener space is not clogged and the seeder sows crops in accordance with agricultural requirements;

- rolling the top layer of soil with a plate allows you to create less compaction between the seed and the soil, which leads to a more uniform germination of crops, while the concave front part of the coulter with a width of a slightly larger furrow width leads to the fact that the soil is collected from the walls of the furrow, and the seeds sowed and the narrower and concave back of the plate compacts and improves the contact of seeds with the soil, and the width of the back of the sealing plate is less than the width of the furrow, which allows "extra" soil ve squeezed up through the edges of the furrow;

- the developed design of the seeder allows you to set the angle of attack of the coulter with the help of a retractable rod with holes made in the upper part of the rod and a fixing finger.

The proposed design of the stubble seeder retains all the positive qualities of the SZS-2.1 serial seeder, and the presence of an anchor coulter with a sealing plate allows you to get the additional advantages described above.

As a result of the search in the patent and scientific and technical literature, no technical solutions have been identified that have a similar set of essential features and give the same effect, which indicates that the invention meets the criteria of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The technical essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by the following drawings, where:

FIG. 1 - general view of the stubble seeder;

FIG. 2 - working body, side view;

FIG. 3 - section aa;

FIG. 4 - a special sealing plate, B - side view, C - from above and D - from behind.

The stubble seeder (Fig. 1) contains a frame 6 with a tow hitch 2, a front support pneumatic self-aligning wheel 1, grain box 3, sowing units 4, an anchor coulter 7, two support-drive wheels 5.

An inclined channel 8 is welded to the frame 6, and the coulter stand 7 consists of two parts, the upper inclined 9 and the lower vertical 10. The coulter stand is pivotally connected in its upper part 9 to the beginning of the inclined channel 8, and the middle of the rack is connected to the end of the inclined channel 8 by bracket 12, rigidly fixed in the middle of the coulter stand, spring 13, retractable rod 14 with holes 15 made in the upper part of the rod 14, pivotally mounted on top to the inclined channel 8 and from the bottom to the middle of the coulter stand, and the locking finger and 16.

Rods 17 are fastened to both sides of the vertical opener 10 on both sides and fastened together and have a horizontal part 18 ending in the plane of the end of the cheeks of the anchor opener and a falling part 19 in contact with the soil, made along the line of least resistance and serving as a bed for the plate , falling asleep sown seeds with soil, followed by its compaction, which is attached to the lower surface of the rods of the falling part 19 and copies its shape. In this case, the front part 20 of the plate in the direction opposite to the soil surface is concave, gradually decreasing from the beginning to the end of the front part, and the rear part 21 of the plate in the direction of the soil surface is convex, gradually increasing from the beginning to the end of the latter.

The width b of the front part 20 of the plate is equal to the distance between the outer sides of the rods 17 on the rack and is made tapering to its end.

The front of the plate 20 smoothly passes into the rear part 21, which starts from the middle of the bed, its width c is equal to the width of the end of the front part and is 2/3 of the width of the beginning of the latter.

The proposed stubble seeder works as follows: the sowing of seeds and fertilizers occurs similarly to the sowing of the base seeder SZS-2,1 adopted as a prototype, while the sowing devices 4 are driven by two supporting-drive wheels 5.

Due to its design, the anchor opener 7 compacts the seed bottom due to the oralrow 11 and forms a narrower slot in the soil for sowing seeds, unlike the lancet opener. Seeds, falling onto a compacted bed, are covered with soil transported by the front concave part of the plate, and then this soil is compacted with seeds from the back of the convex special plate.

The convexity of the rear part 21 of the presser plate allows you to create the optimal density of the packed soil, and excess soil due to the difference in width b and c are squeezed to the edges of the convex rear part 21 of the sealing plate. The inclined channel 8 allows you to pivotally mount the anchor opener and protect the opener from breakage when hitting an obstacle. In addition, the developed design of the seeder allows you to set the angle of attack of the opener using a retractable rod 14 with holes 15 made in the upper part of the rod 14, and the fixing finger 16.

Thus, the presence of plates on the anchor coulters allows you to: perform better rolling and thus replace the actions of the rolling supporting-drive roller; produce high-quality crops with zero tillage. The supporting and driving functions of a serial skating rink are performed by two supporting pneumatic wheels 5, which drive the shaft of the sowing apparatus through sprockets and chain transmissions.

The use in agriculture of the inventive stubble seeder for sowing grain crops with zero tillage will reduce the metal consumption of the sowing process, as well as create favorable conditions for the germination of sprouts of grain crops by reducing the rolling force of the top soil layer.

Claims (3)

1. A stubble seeder for sowing crops with zero tillage, including a frame with a towing device, a front support pneumatic self-aligning wheel, grain box, sowing units, openers with springs, characterized in that it has two supporting drive wheels and anchor openers, The coulter post consists of the upper inclined and lower vertical parts and is pivotally connected from the top to the beginning of the inclined channel, rigidly connected to the frame, and the middle of the rack is connected to the end of the channel by m of a bracket rigidly fixed in the middle of the stand, a spring, a retractable rod with holes pivotally mounted above and below, and a fixing finger, while bars are fastened to each other on the vertical lower part of the coulter stand, fastened together and having a horizontal part ending in the plane of the end of the cheeks of the anchor coulter, and the falling part in contact with the soil, made along the line of least resistance and which is the bed for the plate, covering the sown seeds with soil, followed by e seal, which is attached to the lower surface of the rods of the falling part and copies its shape, while the front of the plate in the direction opposite to the soil surface is made concave, gradually decreasing from the beginning to the end of the front part, and the rear part in the direction of the soil surface is convex, gradually increasing from the beginning to the end of the latter. 2. The stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the front of the plate is equal to the distance between the outer sides of the rods on the rack and is made tapering to its end. 3. The stubble seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the front part of the plate smoothly passes into the rear part, which starts from the middle of the bed, its width is equal to the width of the end of the front part and is 2/3 of the width of the beginning of the last.

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