RU2567585C1 - Raw mix for ceramic brick manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: raw mix contains, wt %: clay 97-90, pulp and paper industry waste - fore-hearth 3-10. The size of fore-hearth particles is no more than 5 mm. The fore-hearth contains wood fibre and active sludge in the ratio, wt %: wood fibre - 84-90, active sludge - 10-16.

EFFECT: expansion of the source of raw materials.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of ceramic bricks with a burnable additive and can be used in industrial and civil engineering.

Known raw mix for the manufacture of bricks (RF patent No. 2114086 dated 06/27/1998), including clay and a mixture of burnable additives containing sawdust and oil sludge in a mass ratio of 1: 1-3.5 when the water content in oil sludge is 3-10 wt. .% and the following ratio of components, wt.%: a mixture of wood sawdust and sludge 13-15; clay to 100.

A disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is a sharp decrease in mechanical compressive strength and frost resistance while reducing and increasing the water content in oil sludge, which complicates the method of producing the mixture and additional preparation of the waste before use.

Known raw mix (RF patent No. 2229454 from 05/27/2005) for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, containing wt.%: Lump Cambrian clay of the Tsekalovsky deposit 75.5-80, building sand with a particle size of 2-2.5-12-15 and a burnable fiber supplement, cellolignin.

A disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is its high cost due to the need to add construction and additional processing of the fibrous additive to the sand mixture before its use as a burnable additive.

The closest mixture of the same purpose to the claimed mixture in terms of features is a ceramic mass (RF Patent No. 2300507 of 06/10/2007), containing about. %: loam - 64-66; burnable additive in the form of osprey - sewage sludge from chemical treatment of cardboard waste with organic acids such as citric acid - 6-9; iron-containing waste - a fine precipitate from cyclones from cleaning the surface of steel parts and structures with a shot blasting apparatus - 7-13; expanded clay expanded clay - 15-20.

Signs of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed mixture is clay; burnable additive in the form of osprey - sewage sludge from the pulp and paper industry.

A disadvantage of the known mixture, adopted as a prototype, is the complexity of the method of obtaining the raw material mixture due to the use of a large number of components and the need for preliminary drying of the iron-containing waste.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the manufacture of ceramic bricks with low cost with sufficient strength and frost resistance, the expansion of the raw material base, the disposal of waste from the pulp and paper industry, as well as the simplification of the method of obtaining the raw material mixture.

The problem was solved due to the fact that the known raw material mixture for the production of ceramic bricks, containing clay and a burnable additive in the form of osprey - waste of the pulp and paper industry, according to the invention contains osprey with a particle size of not more than 5 mm, containing 84-90 wt. % wood fiber and 10-16 wt.% activated sludge in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

clay 97-90 specified osprey 3-10

Distinctive features of the inventive mixture from the raw mix of the prototype are: the raw mix contains osprey with a particle size of not more than 5 mm, containing 84-90 wt.% Wood fiber and 10-16 wt.% Activated sludge; another quantitative ratio of the ingredients used wt.%: clay - 90-97; the specified osprey is 3-10.

The clay used in the raw material mixture has the following composition, wt.%: SiO ₂ 69.24-69.1; Al ₂ O ₃ 12.63-12.04; TiO ₂ 0.98; Fe ₂ O ₃ FeO 5-4.5; CaO ₃ 2.99-4.25; MgO 1.51-1.41; SO ₃ 0.24-0.45; Na ₂ O 0.59-0.44; K ₂ O 1.02-0.85; p.p.p. 4.88-5.49.

The particle size distribution of clay is as follows:

1-0.5 mm - 0.01-0.21%;

0.5-0.25 mm - 0.07-0.2%;

0.25-0.063 mm - 1.57-3.39%;

0.063-0.01 mm - 48.91-52.42%;

0.01-0.005 mm - 7.6-8.56%;

0.005-0.001 mm - 9.23-13.15%;

less than 0.001 mm - 22.07-32.61%.

The osprey used as a burnable additive has the following composition by weight: wood fiber 84-90% and activated sludge 10-16%. Humidity of osprey is 55-60%. The chemical composition of osprey is presented in table 1.

In the particle size distribution of osprey, fractions of 2–3 mm in size prevail (about 50%).

4-5 mm - 3.27-5.58%;

3-4 mm - 4.76-10.21%;

2-3 mm - 23.61-42.22%.

1-2 mm - 22.76-25.42%;

0.5-1 mm - 19.15-24.93%;

less than 0.5 mm - 7.84-10.25%.

A method of obtaining a raw mix includes the steps of preparing clay, molding products, drying and firing. At the preparation stage, the clay is crushed, followed by feeding into the clay mixer, where the osprey is dosed. Previously, the osprey is ground to a size of not more than 5 mm. After mixing, the resulting mass is fed to the molding, then dried and calcined in a tunnel oven at a temperature of 1000-1015 ° C.

The method allows to obtain a raw mixture, less susceptible to fire and air shrinkage, less sensitive to drying and providing a decrease in the average density of the products.

The average density of the ceramic product after drying and firing is 1937-1679 kg / m ³ . In this case, the ceramic product meets the requirements of GOST 530-2012, the test results of samples of ceramic products are presented in tables 2, 3.

table 2 Strength characteristics of ceramic products No. p / p Osprey content,
% Clay content
% Compressive strength
MPa Bending strength
MPa Standard value of compressive strength according to
GOST 530-2012 Standard value of flexural strength according to
GOST 530-2012 Brand of brick according to strength according
GOST 530-2012 one 3 97 16.7 2,5 12.5-15 1,2-4,4 M150 2 6 96 16.9 2,5 12.5-15 1,2-4,4 M150 3 10 90 16.1 2,4 10-12.5 1,2-4,4 M125

As can be seen from the data provided, the products obtained with an osprey content of 3-6% by weight correspond to the strength grade M150, and with an osprey content of 10% to --125 grade.

Table 3 Frost resistance of ceramic products No. p / p Osprey content,
% Clay content
% Tensile strength of products under compression,
% Compressive strength
MPa Standard value of compressive strength according to
GOST 530-2012 Brand of brick according to strength according
GOST 530-2012 25 cycles freeze - thaw one 3 97 0 16.9 12.5-15 M150 2 6 94 0.36 16.9 12.5-15 M150 3 10 90 0.71 16,0 10-12.5 M125 50 cycles freeze - thaw one 3 97 3.4 16,2 10-12.5 M125 2 6 94 5.3 16.1 10-12.5 M125 3 10 90 46.3 11.0 7.5-10 M100

As can be seen from the data provided, the products obtained with an osprey content of 3% correspond to the frost resistance grade F50, and with an osprey content of 6-10% correspond to the F25 grade.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic products in accordance with GOST 530-2012 “Ceramic brick and stone. Technical conditions. "

The advantage of the proposed technical solution is that it allows to produce ceramic bricks from a cheap raw material mixture obtained in a simple way, to expand the raw material base, to utilize waste from the pulp and paper industry.

Claims (1)

A raw material mixture for the production of ceramic bricks containing clay and a burnable additive in the form of osprey - a waste from the pulp and paper industry, characterized in that it contains osprey with a particle size of not more than 5 mm, containing 84-90 wt.% Wood fiber and 10-16 wt.% activated sludge in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
clay 97-90 specified osprey 3-10