RU2565574C1 - Rescuer clothing for protection against radioactive radiation in seismically dangerous zones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.

SUBSTANCE: in the rescuer clothing for protection against radioactive radiation, comprising an overall of air- and vapour-permeable fabric, gloves and footwear, and the overall is provided with pockets-cells for placement of plates-inserts made of material absorbing the radioactive radiation, and the absorption coefficient corresponding to the power of dose of ionizing radiation, the material absorbing the radioactive radiation is used as material which comprises a filler as lead oxides (lead oxide II, IY) and a binder - polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, di-(alkylpolyethyleneglycol) ester of phosphoric acid of the formula

where n = 6, R is alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms, and ethyl cellulose, with the following component ratio, wt %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; di-(alkylpolyethyleneglycol) ester of phosphoric acid 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose - the rest. The new composition of the binder ensures full compatibility with lead oxides and enables to obtain materials with high lead equivalent and the degree of flexibility. This material has good adhesion to metals, concrete, bricks. The material is a highly concentrated suspension rapidly curable in air. The material viscosity is 20÷70 Pa·s, which enables to cast films of various thickness of it with die or extruder, to apply with a brush to the surface, pouring over, to pour into various cavities, slits and channels.

EFFECT: increase in reliability of the radiation protection at work of rescuers in seismically dangerous zones.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment for rescuers when working with radioactive substances in seismically hazardous areas.

Known overalls for protection against radiation pollution, containing a jumpsuit-shell made of impervious to radioactive aerosols material, equipped with a distributor with a hose that feeds air into the clothes area (International standard JSO-8194 First edition 1987).

However, this overalls has a significant drawback, since it does not protect against gamma and X-ray radiation, and in this overalls it is possible to work only in a limited length of the air supply hose and free from technological equipment.

Known overalls for everyday use of personnel, containing overalls, gloves, shoes and an additional film wrap for short-term use worn over overalls (S. M. Gorodinsky "Personal protective equipment for working with radioactive substances." - M .: Atomizdat, 1970, p. . 216-236).

A significant drawback of the above-described workwear is the limited range of its use, since it protects the surface of the body of the worker from the ingress of radioactive nuclides of alpha and beta particles, it is completely transparent (free-permeable) to ionizing gamma and x-ray radiation. In addition, the limited (2-2.5 hours) time to use this workwear, which is due to the fact that when a person is working in insulated equipment of a small volume, there is a violation of the heat transfer process in the clothes area, aggravating the body, reducing its performance.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of features is a suit from industrial poisons, containing a jacket, trousers made of air- and vapor-permeable material, a helmet with a sight glass and a drape, and a distributor that supplies air to the clothing space has impermeable linings in front of the trousers, a drape the front goes into an apron, descending below the upper edge of the trouser lining according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2197761 (prototype). The protective suits described above, like other similar designs, for working in an environment with radioactive substances and with open radioactive sources, can only be used for protection against alpha and beta emitters. From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2075251 the sign-analogue of the fabric is known:

... “as a material that absorbs radioactive radiation, a material is used that contains lead oxides (lead oxide II, IY) and a binder — polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, di- (alkyl-polyethylene glycol) phosphoric acid ester of the formula

,

,

where n = 6, R is an alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms and ethyl cellulose in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; phosphoric acid di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) ester 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose rest.

However, this fabric is not a magnetizable fabric in different directions; therefore, it is impossible to control the characteristics of the magnetic field generated by the fabric as a whole and in microvolumes limited by soft magnetic monofilaments. Changing the magnetic field in the above zones allows you to control the properties of magnetic systems that use ferromagnetic tissue, as well as the process of shielding radioactive radiation when changing the wavelength and power of this radiation.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the efficiency and reliability of radiation protection during the work of rescuers in seismically hazardous areas.

This is achieved by the fact that in lifeguard clothes for protection against radioactive radiation in seismically hazardous areas, containing overalls made of air- and vapor-permeable fabric, gloves and shoes, while the overalls are equipped with cell pockets for accommodating insert plates made of a material absorbing radioactive radiation, with an absorption coefficient corresponding to the dose rate of ionizing radiation, as a material that absorbs radioactive radiation, a material that contains I lead oxides (PbO II, IY) and a binder - polyvinyl acetate, di- (alkilpolietilenglikolevy) phosphoric acid ester of formula

,

,

where n = 6, R is an alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms, and ethyl cellulose, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; phosphoric acid di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) ester 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose rest.

The new binder composition ensures full compatibility with lead oxides and allows to obtain materials with high lead equivalent and degree of flexibility. This material has good adhesion to metals, concrete, and brick. The material is a highly concentrated suspension that quickly hardens in air. The viscosity of the material is 20–70 Pa · s, which allows casting films of different thickness from it with a die or extruder, applying it to the surface with a brush, dousing, pouring it into various cavities, crevices and channels.

In FIG. 1a shows the front part of the overalls, in FIG. 1b is a view from the back, in FIG. 2 - a set of insert plates with a different coefficient of protection against penetrating ionizing radiation, FIG. 3 is a diagram of vibration-proof boots.

Rescue clothing for protection against radioactive radiation in seismically hazardous areas contains a jumpsuit 1 made of air- and vapor-permeable fabric, a hood 2, a face shield 3 made of radiation-protective glass, gloves 4 and vibration-proof boots 5 designed to work with radioactive substances , cell pockets 6-7-8 for accommodating insert plates 9 made of a material that protects against ionizing radiation, which contains lead oxides (lead oxide II, IY) and a binder, polyvinyl butyral, as a filler , Ethyl acetate, di- (alkilpolietilenglikolevy) phosphoric acid ester of formula

,

,

where n = 6, R is an alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms, and ethyl cellulose, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; phosphoric acid di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) ester 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose rest. At the same time, cell pockets 6-7-8 are located at the level of vital human organs.

Insert plates 9 can be made of a material that protects against ionizing radiation, which is made elastic of a ferromagnetic fabric containing a base, a binder polymer substance and a powder of ferromagnetic material, while the fabric base is made by weaving by plain weaving, while the warp and weft threads are made alternating lavsan and soft magnetic monofilaments, the number of threads per meter is 5000 ÷ 7000, soft magnetic monofilaments are made of superalloy or molybdenum permalloy with p with a diameter measure of 0.05–0.1 mm, and mylar threads have a linear density of 10–20 tex, a highly coercive alloy powder is used as a ferromagnetic powder, and the content of components in the fabric by weight is in the ratio, wt. %: lavsan filament 10 ÷ 15; monofilament of soft magnetic material 20 ÷ 25; polymer binder - acrylic copolymers 10 ÷ 15; highly coercive alloy powder 50 ÷ 55.

By magnetizing the fabric in different directions, using soft magnetic monofilaments made of supermalloy or molybdenum permalloy, applying an external magnetic field of different sizes, varying its direction, you can control the characteristics of the magnetic field created by the fabric as a whole and in microvolumes limited by soft magnetic monofilaments. Changing the magnetic field in the above zones allows you to control the properties of magnetic systems that use ferromagnetic tissue, as well as the process of shielding radioactive radiation when changing the wavelength and power of this radiation.

Vibro-protective boots 5 contain a boot 10, the lower part 11 with a vibration-proof sole 12. The lining 13 of the boot and the lower part 11 of the boot is made of technical textile material, and the connection of the upper and lower parts of the lining is carried out by line 14. The upper part of the boot 6 can be made of artificial leather, decorative textile material or injection polymers, for example polyurethane.

Vibration protection sole 12 is made in the form of a sealed elastic-damping cavity 16 filled with compressed air, connected to a check valve 18 located above the heel 17, unified with a bicycle tire valve for pumping from a compressed air source (not shown in the drawing) and communicating with the external environment, as well as connected by means of a throttling sleeve 19 with a damping hollow chamber 20 made of a rigid vibration-damping material, such as plastic compound such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, Shvim, and located inside Buka 17. The stiffness of the various sections of the cavity 16 is made different: the lateral surface 21 may be less rigid than the upper and lower surfaces, or vice versa. Above the sealed cavity 16, an equidistant and congruent to it elastic sealed shell 22 is filled with silicone fluid, and above it is an insole (not shown in the drawing) made of needle-punched material of the Vibrosil type based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber. As the material of the sole 12, a vibration-absorbing material, for example, an elastomer, or polyurethane with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45% can be used. Moreover, the shape of the damping chamber 20 can be made as multifaceted, for example, in the form of a cube, or formed by bodies of revolution, for example, in the form of a cylinder, a sphere.

The following materials can be used as materials of a sealed elasto-damping cavity 16 and an elastic sealed shell 22: elastomers, for example rubber, injection molding polymer, for example polyurethane, rubber-cord shell.

With the damping chamber 20, in its middle part, a protective insert 23 is made rigidly made of a stiffer material than the sole 12, and acts as an additional elastic element in the shoe-man vibration protection system.

The lifeguard boot under vibration loads works as follows.

Under the influence of the weight of the human operator, the elastic sealed shell 22 filled with silicone fluid and the upper surface of the cavity 16, due to their elasticity, and connected by means of a throttling sleeve 19 with a damping hollow chamber 20, respectively located, take the form of a human foot. Cavity 16, due to the elastic properties of the internal filler of the cavity - air and the damping properties of the sleeve 19, is an effective pneumatic two-chamber vibration protection system in the general system of vibration protection: “shoes-man”. The elastic hermetic shell 22 filled with silicone fluid softens and also effectively dampens the load when walking, and also eliminates the skew of the foot in case of irregularities, protecting the foot from dislocation. To increase the efficiency of the vibration protection system "shoes-man" the pressure in the cavity 16 can be changed under the weight of a person, for example, by pumping air through the valve 18, or vice versa, releasing it into the atmosphere.

Depending on the pressure created in the cavity 16, it is possible to adjust the height of the foot support, providing a tight fit of the foot, including the top. Depending on the stiffness of the shell 22 filled with silicone fluid and the pressure in the cavity 16, you can create a comfortable walking feeling, for example, "like on grass or soft carpet."

The proposed design of vibration-proof shoes provides walking comfort and therapeutic effect due to vibration isolation and damping of the loads acting on the foot, as well as due to a more accurate and tight foot coverage.

Clothing rescuers to protect against radioactive radiation in seismically hazardous areas works as follows.

The procedure for using the proposed workwear is as follows. Before starting work in the area with high radiation, the staff puts on overalls 1 with a hood 2 and a protective shield 3, gloves 4 and vibration-proof boots 5. Then, plates 9 with an absorption coefficient corresponding to the dose rate of ionizing radiation are inserted into the pocket pockets 6-7-8 each case.

In addition, the proposed overalls can also be used without radiation-protective insert inserts 9 as everyday wear overalls for the individual protection of the skin in normal production conditions.

After working with radioactive sources, the protective liners must be removed from the cells and sent, like overalls, for decontamination.

As a material that absorbs radioactive radiation, a material is used that contains lead oxides (lead oxide II, IY) and a binder, polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) phosphoric acid ester of the formula

,

,

where n = 6, R is an alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms, and ethyl cellulose, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; phosphoric acid di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) ester 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose rest.

The new binder composition in the claimed invention provides full compatibility with lead oxides and allows to obtain materials with high lead equivalent and degree of flexibility. This material has good adhesion to metals, concrete, and brick. The material is a highly concentrated suspension that quickly hardens in air. The viscosity of the material is 20-70 Pa · s, which allows casting films of different thickness from it with a die or extruder, applying it to the surface with a brush, dousing, pouring it into various cavities, crevices and channels.

The proposed protective clothing is designed to work in an industrial environment with open sources of ionizing radiation, as well as during repair and rescue operations in seismically hazardous areas.

Claims (1)

Rescue clothing for protection against radioactive radiation in seismically hazardous areas, containing overalls made of air- and vapor-permeable fabric, gloves and vibration-proof boots, while the overalls are equipped with pocket pockets for accommodating inserts made of a material that absorbs radioactive radiation, with an absorption coefficient corresponding to the dose rate of ionizing radiation, as a material that absorbs radioactive radiation, a material is used that contains oxides with of wine (lead oxide II, IY) and a binder - polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) phosphoric acid ester of the formula

where n = 6, R is an alkyl group containing 8-10 carbon atoms, and ethyl cellulose, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lead oxide II, IY 30.6-56.8; polyvinyl butyral 3.8-10.2; ethyl acetate 14.3-26.5; phosphoric acid di- (alkylpolyethylene glycol) ester 0.2-0.4; ethyl cellulose is the rest, while the new binder composition in the claimed invention provides full compatibility with lead oxides and allows to obtain materials with a high lead equivalent and degree of flexibility, which has good adhesion to metals, concrete, brick, in addition, the material is a highly concentrated suspension, quickly hardening in air, and the viscosity of the material is 20 ÷ 70 Pa · s, which allows you to cast films of different thickness from it with a die or extruder, apply to the surface of the ci water, pouring into various cavities, slots and channels, and the overalls are made of a material that protects from ionizing radiation, which is elastic from a ferromagnetic fabric containing a base, a binder polymer substance and a powder of ferromagnetic material, while the base of the fabric is made by weaving by plain weaving, while the main and weft threads are made of alternating dacron and soft magnetic monofilaments, the number of threads per meter is 5000 ÷ 7000, magnetically soft mononi and are made of supermalloy or molybdenum permalloy with a cross-sectional size of 0.05–0.1 mm, and mylar threads have a linear density of 10–20 tex, a highly coercive alloy powder is used as a ferromagnetic powder, and the content of components in the fabric by weight is in the ratio wt. %: lavsan filament 10 ÷ 15; monofilament of soft magnetic material 20 ÷ 25; polymer binder - acrylic copolymers 10 ÷ 15; high coercive alloy powder 50 ÷ 55, characterized in that the vibration-proof boots contain a boot, the lower part with a vibration-proof sole, and the lining of the boot and the bottom of the boot is made of technical textile material, and the upper part of the boot is made of artificial leather, decorative textile material or molding polymers , for example polyurethane, while the vibration-proof sole is made in the form of a sealed elastic-damping cavity filled with compressed air, connected to the heel located above m non-return valve, unified with a bicycle tire valve for pumping from a source of compressed air and communicating with the external environment, as well as connected by means of a throttling sleeve with a damping hollow chamber made of a rigid vibration-damping material, such as plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, Shvim.

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