RU2564846C1 - Universal tool for tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tool for tillage comprises a welded double-beam frame equipped with hinge system, support elements, racks with chisels and working bodies. The racks are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The racks are made in the form of one piece from a round cross-section tube with a diameter of 90-95 mm, are made with curved ends with an oblique cut at the end for mounting the chisels with sharpening and soldering of metal-ceramic alloy. The racks are equipped behind the bending with two welded flat trapezoidal brackets with bevel. The racks are equipped with plate extensions with holes for reinstalling and placed in front on the beams of the frame in the welded paired plate brackets. The frame beams are equipped behind with welded sites following the brackets of the working bodies. On the sites the worm reducers are mounted, equipped with DC motors, the output shafts of which are made elongated and equipped with mouldboard bodies attached to them by welding. The mouldboard bodies are made in the form of pentagonal plates equipped from below with ploughshares placed symmetrically, and on top with triangular wings. The lower ends of the shafts are mounted in pivoting supports fixed firmly to the racks by means of retaining rings and plate shields.

EFFECT: enhanced functional capabilities of the plough and increase in quality of tillage.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the main (continuous) tillage using a dump and non-dump system, including in fields with many areas that do not allow moisture to rain.

Known plow mounted model PLN-5-35 (see V.M. Khalansky, I.V. Gorbachev / Agricultural machines. / M., KolosS, 2004, p. 34), including a welded frame with a hitch, a support wheel with a screw mechanism, a harrow trailer, angles welded to the main beam of the frame, to which plate brackets and working bodies are attached in the form of plow bodies containing plate racks fixed with bolts to the corners, equipped with blades, plowshares, field boards, and in the form of skimmers containing fixed with clamps racks equipped dumps and plowshares, and the skimmer has a working width equal to 2/3 of the working width of the hull, and is placed in front of it at a distance of L = 25 ... 35 cm, for cutting the upper layer of soil with a thickness of 8-12 cm.

However, the disadvantages of the plow can be attributed to its low functionality due to the lack of the ability to provide planar tillage, decompaction of the plow sole and deep loosening, high energy costs due to the high traction resistance of the soil to the structural elements of the plow (plowshares), and low operational reliability of the plow due to rapid wear of the share, its dulling, and also due to problems of its replacement and sharpening.

Also known is the “Reversible plow PNO-4-30” used for smooth plowing of soils with a specific resistance of 0.09 MPa to a depth of 22 cm (see Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. / Textbook for higher education - Moscow: KolosS, 2004, pp. 38–40), equipped with a symmetrical frame that rotates 180 ° relative to the longitudinal horizontal axis under the influence of the rotation mechanism. On the frame, pairs of right-handed and left-handed bodies are installed in pairs, equipped with vertical knives, angle-fillers and feathers. Pairs of cases can be three or four. The housing of the hydraulic cylinder is pivotally mounted on the hinge bracket, and its rod is kinematically connected with the links of the rotation mechanism.

The disadvantages of the plow are high material consumption, high energy costs (motor fuel), lack of versatility, low productivity.

Also known devices designed for deep loosening of soil at 40-80 cm: chisel plow P4-4.5; cultivators-rippers NR-80 B, ChKU-4, KZU-03 V, including chisel-like paws (see Agriculture systems in the Krasnodar Territory for 1990-1995 and for the period until 2000: Recommendation. VASKHNIL, All-Russian Branch, Krasnodar Research Institute Agricultural Institute named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Kuban Agricultural Institute, Krasnodar, Book Publishing House, 1990, pp. 59, 128, 260), whose advantages include increasing productivity, reducing energy costs, and soilless tillage (soil protection or anti-erosion ) etc.

The disadvantages of these units are low technological capabilities (or only chiseling, or only plane cutting), high energy consumption and metal consumption.

It is also known "Tillage tool" (see RF patent No. 2399177), containing a frame with racks mounted on it. Each rack has a shoe with a patch chisel and a pair of cutting wings attached to the rack with a pair of bolts. Plugs having an eccentric displacement are inserted into one of the mounting holes of the pair of cutting wings.

The size of the eccentric is determined by the ability to install the wings at the minimum and maximum angle of crumbling at their opposite turn. A pair of cutting wings has the ability to discrete movement in height along the rack along the corresponding holes. The gun provides for the possibility of joint installation of a pair of cutting wings and a blade above them.

However, the disadvantages of this tool are that it is not possible to carry out a smooth dump plowing, the need to remove the blade to perform deep processing, cutting wings, i.e. understaffing and the possibility of their loss, high energy costs.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is "Device for subsurface tillage" (RF patent No. 2468558). The device comprises a welded two-beam frame equipped with a hitch system, supporting elements arranged in a checkerboard pattern by working bodies. The working bodies have racks with a curved end with chisels and paws. The bits are sharpened and brazed from a ceramic-metal alloy. Racks with bent ends are made in the form of an integral part from a pipe of circular cross section with a diameter of 90-95 mm and have an oblique cut. Chisels are made in the form of elliptical plates with two ear-shaped brackets covering the oblique section of the bent end of the rack and secured with a finger. Two flat brackets are rigidly mounted behind the bend of the rack, between which a bracket is mounted rigidly connected to the paw. The paw is made semicircular, with an upper sharpening and has agitators in the form of strips of metal cut partially at the end of the back of the paw and bent at an angle of 40-50 °.

The disadvantages include low functionality due to the lack of the possibility of turnover of the reservoir, including smooth plowing.

The technical solution is to expand the functionality of the tool, improving the quality of tillage.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the known device for subsurface tillage, including a welded two-beam frame, equipped with a hitch system, support elements, staggered racks with chisels and working bodies, moreover, the racks are made in the form of an integral part from a round pipe with a diameter 90-95 mm, made with bent ends and with an oblique cut at the end for installing bits with sharpening and brazing from a ceramic-metal alloy, equipped with two flat traps welded on the back of the bend ideal brackets with a bevel, according to the invention, the racks are equipped with plate extensions with holes for reinstallation and are placed in front on the frame bars in welded paired plate brackets, and behind the frame bars, after the brackets of the working bodies, they are equipped with welded platforms, worms equipped with DC motors are installed on them gearboxes, the output shafts of which are made elongated and equipped with dump bodies attached to them by welding, made in the form of pentagonal plates tin equipped with symmetrical plowshares at the bottom, and with triangular wings at the top, the lower ends of the shafts are mounted in hinged supports rigidly fixed to the posts by means of retaining rings and plate shields, and the working bodies are made in the form of semicircular plane-cutting legs fixed in brackets for mounting them at an angle of 10 °, with agitators in the form of strips of metal, partially cut at the end of the back of the paw and bent at an angle of 40-50 °, or for the accumulation of melt water in the subsurface horizon - in the form of removable drains a ditch, and DC motors are made in the form of an electric screwdriver motor, and the electric screwdriver motors are connected to the tractor battery and equipped with a system for reversing the rotation of dump bodies by an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° from the direction of movement.

The new elements are that the racks are equipped with plate extensions with holes for reinstallation and are placed in front on the rails of the frame in the welded paired plate brackets, and behind the rails of the frame, following the brackets of the working bodies, they are equipped with welded platforms, worm gearboxes equipped with DC motors, and output whose shafts are made elongated and equipped with dump bodies attached to them by welding, made in the form of pentagonal plates equipped with lower symmetry but placed by plowshares, and on top by triangular wings, the lower ends of the shafts are mounted in hinged supports rigidly fixed to the uprights by means of retaining rings and plate shields, and the working bodies are made in the form of semicircular plane-cutting legs fixed in brackets for their fastening at an angle of 10 °, having agitators in the form of strips of metal, partially cut out at the end of the back of the paw and bent at an angle of 40-50 °, or for the accumulation of melt water in the subsurface horizon - in the form of removable drains, and the engines are constantly th current motor formed as an electric screwdriver, the screwdriver electric motors connected to the tractor battery and equipped with a system providing reverse rotation dump bodies at an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° from the direction of movement.

The novelty lies in the fact that the proposed tool can be used to carry out various technologies of primary tillage: subsurface chisel cultivation to a depth of 30 to 60 cm, subsurface flat-cutting cultivation, slitting and drainage of the soil to accumulate moisture, combining dump smooth cultivation to a depth of 20 cm and decompression of the plow soles, combining dump smooth processing to a depth of 20 cm with cutting with a flat-cut paw of intrasoil ridges. The novelty also lies in the fact that a symmetrical two-beam frame is used, and inexpensive DC motors powered by a tractor battery, equipped with a system for providing reverse rotation of dump bodies by an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° from the direction of travel, are used as an actuator for turning dumps .

New elements of the device are known in agricultural science, but according to the patent and scientific and technical literature, a similar claimed combination of features is not found, which allows to achieve a technical result.

In the drawings, a universal means for tillage is schematically reflected: in Fig 1 is a plan view 4; in FIG. 2 - view A with processing depth (a); in FIG. 3 - the same, but with a processing depth (a _i ); in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a worm gear; in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 - sections I and II; in FIG. 7 is a diagram of the replacement of a plane-cut paw by a trainer

A universal soil treatment tool contains a welded two-beam frame 1 equipped with a hitch system 2 and supporting elements 3. On the parallel bars of the frame 1, paired plate brackets 4 are welded to the front in a checkerboard pattern, in which the working bodies are fixed. The working bodies have racks 6 equipped with extensions. At the same time, the extensions 5 are lamellar and with holes for reinstallation, while the racks 6 are made as a single piece from a circular pipe with a diameter of 90-95 mm and are made with bent ends and with an oblique cut at the end, where bits 7 are fixed with sharpening and brazing of a ceramic-metal alloy. Also, the racks 6 at the back of the bend are equipped with brackets 8 welded with two flat trapezoidal bevels with bevels for mounting and securing semicircular plane-cutting paws 9. The paws 9 have upper sharpening and agitators 10 in the form of metal strips partially cut out at the end of the back of the paw and bent to angle 40-50 °. Behind, after the brackets 4, the bars of the frame 1 are equipped with welded pads 11 on which worm gears 13 equipped with DC motors 12 are installed. The armature shafts of the motors 12 are kinematically connected by means of worm shafts 14 and gears 15 to the output shafts 16 of the gearboxes 13. The shafts 16 are made elongated and equipped with welded dump bodies made in the form of pentagonal plates 17, equipped with symmetrically arranged plowshares below 18, and triangular wings 19 from above. Moreover, the lower ends of the shaft 16 are mounted in hinged supports 20, rigidly fixed to the uprights 6 by means of locking rings 21 and plate shields 22. In the brackets 8, instead of the legs 9, removable drains 23 can be installed. The DC motors 12 are made in the form of an electric screwdriver motor, and the electric screwdriver motors are connected with a tractor battery and equipped with a system for reversing the rotation of dump bodies at an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° from the direction of movement.

The work of universal means for tillage is as follows.

When performing subsurface chiseleva to a depth of 30 to 60 cm, non-subsurface flat cutting, the machine operator key rotates the worm shaft 14, and with it the gear 15 and the output shaft 16 in the gear housing 13 and in the support 20 and installs dump bodies (pentagonal plates 17, ploughshare 18, delta wings 19) in a neutral position parallel to the direction of movement. The processing depth of the dump body is adjusted by the support wheel 3 and is 20 cm. Then, the rack 6 with the bit 7 and with the foot 9 is extended to the required processing depth, for which the locking ring 21 is previously unlocked, the guides 5 in the brackets 4 of the frame 1 are moved.

For slitting and drainage of the soil for moisture accumulation, the paw 9 is removed, and instead of it, the drainer 23 is installed and fixed in the brackets 8.

In the field hinged by means of a linkage 2 onto the tractor, the frame 1 is lowered into the working position and the soil is cultivated.

To combine the smooth smooth processing to a depth of 20 cm and decompression of the plow sole of the rack 6 set to a depth of 30 cm

To combine the smooth smooth processing to a depth of 20 cm with cutting with a flat-cut paw of the intrasoil crests, the posts 6 are set to a depth of 60 cm.

In the field in the transport position, the engine 12 is turned on and the dump bodies are rotated by an angle of + 45 °. Then the frame 1 hung with the help of the hitch 2 on the tractor is lowered into the working position and the soil is cultivated. At the end of the corral, before turning, raise the frame 1 to the transport position and turn on the reverse, rotate the dump bodies by an angle of -45 °. Then the frame 1 hung with the help of the hitch 2 on the tractor is lowered into the working position and the soil is cultivated in the opposite direction, etc.

Bearing 20 increases the reliability of mounting dump bodies. The shield 22 blocks the passage of soil between the rack 6 and the shaft 16.

The use of a universal tool for performing various technologies of primary tillage, such as subsurface loosening, slitting, drainage and combining it with smooth plowing, provides corresponding expansion of its functionality and improving the quality of tillage.

Claims (3)

1. A universal tool for tillage, including a welded two-beam frame, equipped with a hitch system, supporting elements, stakes arranged in staggered racks with chisels and working bodies, and the racks are made in the form of an integral part from a circular pipe with a diameter of 90-95 mm, made with bent ends and with an oblique cut at the end for installing bits with sharpening and brazing from a ceramic-metal alloy, equipped with two flat trapezoidal brackets with a bevel welded behind the bend, characterized in the racks are equipped with plate extensions with holes for reinstallation and are placed on the front of the frame bars in welded paired plate brackets, and behind the frame bars, following the brackets of the working bodies, they are equipped with welded platforms, worm gearboxes equipped with DC motors, the output shafts of which are elongated and equipped with welding dump bodies attached to them, made in the form of pentagonal plates, equipped with symmetrically arranged shares below, and On top of the triangular wings, the lower ends of the shafts are mounted in articulated supports rigidly fixed to the posts by means of retaining rings and plate shields. 2. A universal tool for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are made in the form of semicircular plane-cutting paws fixed in brackets for their fastening at an angle of 10 °, with agitators in the form of strips of metal cut partially in the end of the back of the paw and bent at an angle of 40-50 °, or for the accumulation of meltwater in the subsurface horizon - in the form of removable drains. 3. The universal tool for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC motors are made in the form of an electric screwdriver motor, and the electric screwdriver motors are connected to the tractor’s battery and equipped with a system for reversing the rotation of dump bodies by an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° from the direction of movement.

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