RU2560369C1 - Composition for destruction of natural and artificial objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: in the composition in the form of solid hydrocarbons, the powder of polyethylene or polypropylene, or polystyrene is used with a content of from 8 to 30% with a fraction of 0.05 to 0.45 mm, and inert additives, for example, Na₂CO₃ or NaHCO₃, or CaCO₃ with the content from 9 to 25% with the fraction from 0.05 to 0.45 mm and sodium chlorate with the content of 45 to 83% with the fraction from 0.05 to 0.45 mm. The practical implementation of the invention is proved by the fact that all the elements necessary for the invention are commercially available without any restrictions.

EFFECT: extension of the scope, increase in the yield of conditioned products.

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Description

The invention relates to compositions used in carrying out drilling and blasting operations for various purposes in industry, in particular for the destruction of natural and artificial objects in the mining industry, in transport construction and other sectors of the economy, for example, in the extraction of “piece” stone (blocks), work related with the passage of railway tunnels and subways, with the destruction of oversized, boulders and artificial obstacles.

Known non-explosive destructive composition (patent RU No. 2159747, publ. 11/27/2000), including sucrose and calcium oxide, contains 96% ground calcium oxide obtained by calcining limestone and gypsum, and additionally potassium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide and technical modernized lignosulfonate .

The disadvantages of the composition are: restriction of use by temperature (from + 5 ° to -15 ° C), restriction on use (water content), low rate of increase in pressure, resulting in low productivity.

Known explosive composition (patent RU No. 22218318, publ. 10.12.2003), containing granular ammonium nitrate, liquid oil and powder of aluminum, or aluminum alloy, or silicon alloy, or a mixture of any two of these powders in the ratio. The explosive composition may additionally in excess of 100% contain 2.0-5.0 wt. % water or an aqueous solution of a passivating additive.

The disadvantages of the composition are: the creation of a safe zone (200 m from the nearest charge), the presence of specialized protection at the storage site, restrictions on transportation to the place of use, the creation of internal cracks in the array, resulting in an increase in the output of substandard products.

Known composition for drilling and blasting operations (patent RU No. 2274630, publ. 04/20/2006), containing a solid oxidizing agent - sodium chlorate, fuel - solid hydrocarbon in the form of tubes, honeycombs, tape "corrected", the film and the catalyst is sodium chloride. As solid hydrocarbons, the composition may contain polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene.

The disadvantage is the formation of the composition in sections, the dimensions of which are limited by existing technologies.

Known composition for drilling and blasting operations (patent application RU No. 2002120148, publ. 10.02.2004), consisting of a granular or powdery oxidizing agent, liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a stoichiometric ratio and additives, characterized in that it contains 1-5 as an additive wt. % calcium sulfate and 0.5-1.0 wt. % rosin glycerol ester, or coumaron - indene resin, or bitumen.

The disadvantages of the composition are: the creation of a safe zone (200 m from the nearest charge), the presence of specialized protection at the storage site, restrictions on transportation to the place of use, the creation of internal cracks in the array, resulting in an increase in the output of substandard products.

Known composition for drilling and blasting operations (patent RU No. 2152376, publ. July 10, 2000), adopted as a prototype, sodium chlorate with hydrocarbons (solid and liquid) and an energy additive - aluminum are used as the basis. The proposed composition is significantly superior to regular ammonium nitrate explosives (BB) in total and volume energy, easier to transport.

The disadvantages are: the aluminum content will lead to the creation of internal cracks in the massif, as a result of which the increase in the output of substandard products, which is little compensated by the increase in energy, is formed by sections whose sizes are limited by existing technologies.

The technical result is the creation of compositions based on solid oxidizing agents (chlorates and perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, for example, sodium or nitrates of the same elements) hydrocarbons and inhibitors.

The technical result is achieved in that the composition as a solid hydrocarbon contains a powder of polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene, as an inhibitor - sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ₃ ), or calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), as an oxidizing agent, sodium chlorate (NaClO ₃ ), while all components of the composition are used in fractions from 0.05 to 0.45 mm in the following components, wt. %:

sodium chlorate 45-83 solid hydrocarbons 8-30 inhibitor 9-25

The composition for the destruction of natural and artificial objects consists of:

- oxidizing agent (NaClO ₃ , KClO ₃ ), fraction 0.05-0.45 mm, content in the composition of 45-83 wt. %;

- fuel (powder of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.), fraction 0.05-0.45 mm, content in the composition of 8-30 wt. %;

- inhibitors (Na ₂ CO ₃ , NaHCO ₃ , CaCO ₃ ), fraction 0.05-0.45 mm, content in the composition of 9-25 wt. %

The choice of a specific composition of the compositions was carried out based on the intensity of gas formation (or the rate of the combustion reaction in the deflagration mode), the temperature and, accordingly, the energy effect are regulated both by the introduction of inhibitors and the dispersion of the ingredients. It is most rational to introduce such inhibitors that absorb heat when heated, mainly due to the endothermic decomposition reaction, and thereby reduce the rate of combustion of the composition, thereby facilitating the transfer of the modified composition from the explosive discharge to the combustible composition. Such inhibitors primarily include: Na ₂ CO ₃ , NaHCO ₃ , CaCO ₃ . Thus, the introduction of a stoichiometric powder of polyethylene and sodium chlorate powders of 15% Na ₂ CO ₃ powder reduced the maximum burning rate of the composition in a manometer bomb from 16.6 m / s to 7.3 m / s. This is significantly higher than the maximum burning rate of the layer system (0.67 m / s) under the same conditions. A further increase in the inhibitor content is undesirable due to the final pressure not compensated by the increased burning rate during the combustion of the entire mass in the cartridge. This will lead to an increase in the mass of cartridges, which is irrational. Another way (or together) to ensure the deflagration mode of combustion is to increase the fractional size of the fuel powder. This path is explained as follows. The increased size of the fuel powder leads to diffusion inhibition of the reaction, an increase in the time of heat and mass transfer processes, such as: heating the powder to the melting temperature, to increase the duration of the gasification process, i.e. increasing the size of the fuel fraction from 0.05 ÷ 0.16 mm to 0.25 ÷ 0.45 mm reduced the sensitivity to shock from 100% to 54.2%, table. 1. Further growth in the size of the fuel fraction, according to our calculations, will transfer the powder composition under consideration to the category of combustible materials that do not have a high burning rate, up to attenuation. An increase in the fraction of fuel powder over 0.45 mm can lead to an uncontrolled spread in the ignition delay time from cartridge to cartridge, which is unacceptable. Other advantages of the proposed solution include mixing processes, loading the prepared mass of the composition into the cartridge case is easily mechanized and controlled, because the use of tubes and related work is eliminated.

The implementation of this invention allows to expand the scope, increase the yield of conditioned products.

The practical implementation of the invention is confirmed by the fact that all the elements necessary for the invention are produced by industry without restrictions.

Claims (1)

Composition for the destruction of natural and artificial objects, including solid hydrocarbons, sodium chlorate and an inhibitor, characterized in that the composition contains solid polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene powder as solid hydrocarbons, and sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) or sodium bicarbonate as an inhibitor (NaHCO ₃ ), or calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), while all components of the composition are used in fractions from 0.05 to 0.45 mm in the following components, wt.%:
sodium chlorate 45-83 solid hydrocarbons 8-30 inhibitor 9-25