RU2556073C2 - Device for sampling chopped straw from grain combine harvesters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry. The device for sampling chopped straw from grain combine harvesters comprises collectors, a retainer, a bracket and a control lever. The collectors are arranged in rows, the number of which in the transverse direction is determined by the header coverage and the selected number of the studied areas, and in the longitudinal - replication of sampling. The collectors are interconnected in longitudinal rows by means of flexible connections equal in magnitude, so that the total length of the row does not exceed the distance to the ground mass descent area on the stubble. The first collectors in each longitudinal row have easily removed connections on the holes in the rod-float leveller which is located perpendicular to the direction of the combine movement and retained by the retainer driven by the control lever.

EFFECT: invention provides a boundary separation of the comparable areas in sampling and reduction of the probability of failure of experimental equipment.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to equipment for testing combine harvesters.

A device for sampling straw and floor from combine harvesters (RF Patent No. 2125786, A01D 75/00, publ. 1999) [1], comprising a cassette with stacked straw and floor collectors and a mechanism for individually dropping them to the surface the soil. The back of the collectors has horizontal spikes moving in the vertical channels of the cassette. The front part of the lower collector is laid in the cutouts of the discs mounted on the rotating shaft of the dropping mechanism.

The disadvantage of this device is the jamming in the cassette of the collections, due to their distortions and locking caused by the horizontal displacement of adjacent collections and clogging of the vertical channels of the cassette with a crushed mass. In addition, the known device allows you to take samples of straw and sex only at a fixed width, not exceeding the width of the working chamber of the combine thresher. It is also impossible to carry out sampling in separate areas of the spreading of crushed straw along the width of the header. The latter is relevant, for example, when studying the qualitative characteristics of the work of straw choppers, spreaders of combine harvesters.

Elastic (rubber) trays are also known (GOST 28301-2007) [2] 50 × 10 × 5 cm in size, installed in a slanting, long side along each row spacing, over the entire width of the harvester header.

However, the process of placing trays in the bread-stand is complicated and inconvenient, and frequent touching of the bottom of the header of the combine harvester with irregularities in the soil surface causes the seizures of the trays, their displacement from the initial position and turning over.

Closest to the claimed device by technical nature is a straw sampler (RF Patent No. 2197812, A01D 41/00; A01D 75/00, publ. 2003) [3], consisting of several collections, each of which is made in the form of a canvas, attached by two opposite ends to the coils and wound on one of them. The coil with the wound web is held in the arms of the sampler by a spring-loaded control lever and a latch.

The claimed device can be successfully used to obtain information about grain losses, however, it is not applicable when studying the longitudinal uneven distribution of crushed straw. The unreliability of such an assessment is caused by the slipping of the blade along the stubble, especially in the initial stage of the sampler. The use of several independent collections in the device circuitry requires the presence of control and fixing mechanisms for each of them, which greatly complicates the design. In addition, the known device does not provide comparable conditions for zonal sampling within the area of spreading of crushed straw.

The objective of the invention is the realization of the possibility of zonal sampling of crushed straw, at different widths distributed by the straw chopper of a combine harvester, in order to expand the scope and increase the reliability of the studied parameters, as well as simplifying the design and improving the reliability of the device.

The technical result is the boundary separation of comparable areas during sampling and reducing the likelihood of failure of experimental equipment.

The problem and the technical result are solved by the fact that in the known device, consisting of collections of straw and floor, holding the latch and setting it in motion of the control lever, according to the invention, the collections are arranged in longitudinal rows. The total length of a number of collectors does not exceed the distance to the zone of descent of the crushed mass on the stubble. The number of rows of collectors is determined by the capture width of the header and the selected number of sampling zones. In this case, the first collectors of each row are attached to the telescopic drag-rod held by the latch. The drag bar is located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combine and is held by a latch driven by a control lever.

The drawing shows a General view of a device for sampling shredded straw from combine harvesters.

The device for sampling shredded straw from combine harvesters consists of collectors 3, connected in longitudinal rows by flexible ties 2, a telescopic drag bar 1, to the central and side sections of which, by means of easily removable joints through holes, longitudinal rows of collectors 3 and a control mechanism are attached consisting of a bracket 7, a shaft 4 with a retainer 5 and a lever 6. The drag bar 1 with rows of collectors 3 is connected to the bracket 7 by means of a coupling 9 having a ring 8 fixed in the eye of the bracket 7 of the retainer 5.

The device operates as follows.

Before starting work, they put a rod-drag 1 on the stubble behind the combine harvester, using the ring 8, fix its hitch 9 on the combine with a latch 5 in the eye of the bracket 7. Extend the rod-drag 1 to the required length, for example, equal to the width of the harvester header. The required number of longitudinal rows with flexible connections of 2 collectors 3 for sampling are fastened through the holes available in the sections of the drag bar 1 using quick-detachable connections 10, also placing them on the stub in the direction opposite to the direction of the combine harvester.

The flexible connections 2 used to connect the rows of collectors 3 can be made, for example, in the form of steel cables, and easily removable joints - in the form of steel spring carabiners.

During the operation of the combine, the crushed mass leaves the louvre guides of the straw chopper and is distributed outside the collectors sliding on the stubble behind the combine 3. When the combine reaches the established operating mode, the control mechanism shaft 4 is turned with lever 6, releasing the retainer 5 from the eye of the bracket 7 and releasing the coupling ring 8 9 drag rods 1. Continuously descending from the straw chopper, the mass covers the three transverse rows of collectors 3 of samples remaining motionless on the stubble, settling in them, and the combine continues Got a job.

Thus, in one experiment, three samples of chopped straw are collected, taken in each studied zone, within the width of the harvester header. Moreover, comparability of samples is ensured by equal volumes of collectors and distances between them.

The proposed device for sampling shredded straw from combine harvesters gives the following advantages over known equipment:

- it is possible to take samples in separate zones of the distribution area of chopped straw, regardless of the spreading width;

- increases the reliability of productive assessments when studying the quality characteristics of the work of straw choppers, spreaders of combine harvesters;

- simplifies the design of the sampler and reduces the likelihood of failures during its operation.

Claims (2)

1. A device for sampling shredded straw from combine harvesters, containing collectors, a retainer, an arm and a control lever, characterized in that the collectors are arranged in rows, the number of which in the transverse direction is determined by the width of the header of the header and the selected number of zones studied, and in the longitudinal by repetition sampling, while the collectors in the longitudinal rows are interconnected using equal in magnitude flexible connections so that the total length of the row does not exceed the distance to the area where the crushed mass vanishes onto the stubble, and the first collectors in each longitudinal row have easily removable joints through the holes in the drag bar located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combine and held by a latch driven by a control lever. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drag bar is telescopic and consists of a central and two lateral sliding sections having through holes opened with equal pitch in the same plane.

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