RU2395954C1 - Potato combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery. Combine contains a digger working body with the share, the paired disks with an active disk knife, the basic elevator, clod smashers, forked guide, additional elevator, the sparse rod carrier vehicle, an elevating drum, the loading pocket for tubers and the unloading carrier vehicle. The share has a working surface in the form of manurer fork and consists of several sections with the base made with the possibility of support on the bottom of the furrow.

EFFECT: decreasing of potato tubers damaging.

2 dwg

Description

The machine belongs to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines designed for digging potatoes on ridge and half-ridge plantings with rows of 70, 75 and 95 cm, separating tubers from soil, tops and vegetable impurities, followed by collecting tubers in a hopper and unloading them into a transport means. This harvester is intended for harvesting potatoes from small-contour fields of farms, breeding centers, farms engaged in potato seed growing in all favorable zones, except for zones of mountain farming. Since different soils differ greatly in physical and mechanical properties, it is therefore impossible to create a universal machine (for all types of soils), the proposed potato harvester is designed for light sandy and sandy loamy soils.

The closest to the proposed harvester in terms of its technical nature and the achieved result is a potato harvester (see RU, RF Patent No. 23224322, A01D 17/00, bull. No. 14, 2008).

A disadvantage of the known design is that the potato tubers are damaged due to the presence of a large-lumpy structure of the soil formation on the main elevator and on the delta from the lumps to three forked guides 4 pivotally mounted and spring-loaded from the lower part (FIG. 1) made of rods in in the form of inclined gutters.

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of damage to potato tubers during harvesting.

As it turned out, when harvesting, an average of 40% of the tubers are damaged by weight. If we take the total amount of damage as 100%, it follows that only on differences it is damaged 67.5%, and on drops and separating organs together 95% of tubers are damaged. Thus, of all the working bodies of the combine, the most dangerous (from the point of view of mechanical damage to tubers) separating bodies and differences from one working body to another.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the potato harvester contains a digging working body having a ploughshare, twin disks with an active disk knife, a main elevator, clutch cutters, a fork rail, an additional elevator, a rare-rod conveyor, a lifting drum, a tuber hopper and an unloading conveyor, and the ploughshare has the working surface is in the form of a pitchfork and consists of several sections with a base, made with the possibility of support on the bottom of the furrow.

The proposed design of a potato harvester consists of a digging body 1, a main elevator 2, clumps 3, a fork 4, an additional elevator 5, a lifting drum 6, a rare-wire conveyor 7, a leaf top 8, a collision bar 9, an external conveyor 10, an unloading conveyor 11, the hopper for potatoes 12, paired discs 13, one of which is an active disk knife 14 (figure 1).

In Fig.2, a shows the form of the proposed ploughshare 15, and in Fig.2, b - a separate section 16 (paw) plowshare. Each section 16 of the share (see figure 2, b) has a base 17, which creates additional support on the bottom of the furrow and facilitates sliding.

So, the harvester works as follows: the soil layer dug up underneath the working body 1 (Fig. 1) is destroyed and begins to separate, then it is fed to the main elevator 2 (Fig. 1), on which it is additionally sifted down, and the lumps of soil and tubers with the remains of the tops and stolons come in komkodavory 3 (figure 1). After the co-teachers 3 (Fig. 1), tubers with the remains of soil, tops and stolons fall onto the rods of the forked guide 4 (Fig. 1), where they roll down it onto the inner surface of the lifting drum 6 (Fig. 1), in which they rise to a certain height with the help of the blades and then fall on the remote conveyor 10 (figure 1). Then, along the external conveyor 10 (Fig. 1), the tubers are moved outside the lifting drum 6 (Fig. 1) to the unloading conveyor 11 (Fig. 1) and then to the hopper 12 (Fig. 1) for potatoes. The remains of soil, tops and stolons are sifted on a forked guide 4 (Fig. 1) and an additional elevator 5 (Fig. 1). The remaining tops and stolons move along the additional elevator 5 (Fig. 1), are clamped between it and the rare-bar conveyor 7 (Fig. 1), advancing to the tops cutter 8 (Fig. 1), where it is torn from the tubers and carried out by the rare-bar conveyor 7 (Fig. 1) .1) on the field.

Thus, the soil layer is separated already at the stage of digging, therefore, the length of the bar elevator can be reduced, therefore, the path traveled by the potato tubers through the working bodies is reduced, and therefore they are less damaged. By reducing the length of the main elevator, the overall length is reduced, which makes it possible to increase the maneuverability of the combine.

Claims (1)

A potato harvester containing a digging tool with a share, twin discs with an active disk knife, a main elevator, clutch guides, a fork rail, an additional elevator, a rare-wire conveyor, a lifting drum, a tuber hopper and an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the share has a working surface in the form of a pitchfork and consists of several sections with a base made with the possibility of support on the bottom of the furrow.

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