CN112268830B

CN112268830B - Rapid sampling and detecting device for maturity degree in crop straw compost fermentation process

Info

Publication number: CN112268830B
Application number: CN202011089849.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郝冰; 任兰天
Original assignee: Bengbu Lyudu Straw Stalk Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Bengbu Lyudu Straw Stalk Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-13
Filing date: 2020-10-13
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-13
Also published as: CN112268830A

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting and fermentation process of crop straws, which relates to the field of straw composting and fermentation, and comprises a bracket, wherein the bracket is axially and slidably connected with a sampling tube, the end part of the sampling tube is provided with a sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball which is rotatably connected with the end part of the sampling tube and is positioned in the sampling tube, the sampling ball comprises a shaft lever which is rotatably connected with the sampling tube, the side surface of the shaft lever is vertically fixed with intensive sampling claws, the inside of the shaft lever is hollow, one end of the shaft lever is communicated with an air pump fixed on the bracket through a first air pipe, the inside of the shaft lever is provided with an impeller, the sampling pipe of the air pump is communicated through a second air pipe, the middle part of the second air pipe is connected with a heating device, the first air pipe is connected with the second air pipe, and the joint of the first air pipe and the second air pipe is provided with a three-way valve, the precision of straw maturity detection is influenced.

Description

Rapid sampling and detecting device for maturity degree in crop straw compost fermentation process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of straw compost fermentation, in particular to rapid sampling and detecting equipment for maturity in the process of crop straw compost fermentation.

Background

The action mechanism of the straw compost is that a series of microorganisms are utilized to carry out mineralization and humification on organic matters such as crop straws and the like, the minerals are mainly used in the initial stage of the compost, the humification process is dominant in the later stage, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic matters can be narrowed through composting, nutrients in the organic matters are released, and meanwhile, the transmission of germs, worm eggs and weed seeds in the compost can be reduced, so that the rotting process of the compost is not only the decomposition and resynthesis process of the organic matters, but also the harmless treatment process, the speed and the direction of the processes are influenced by the composition of compost materials, microorganisms and environmental conditions, the high-temperature compost generally passes through stages of heating, cooling, fertilizer preservation and the like, and the water content of the straws is an important parameter in the rotting degree detection of the straws.

But for obtaining comparatively accurate testing result, the straw sample needs the multiple spot sample, and inside straw is difficult to take out in the straw heap, adopts the mode of stirring to damage local fermentation environment easily in fermentation process, inserts sampling device by force and causes the straw part easily to be compressed and make moisture run off in advance in the straw heap to it is big to detect data error, consequently needs a device that can be under the condition that does not damage straw heap structure quick sample test.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide rapid sampling and detecting equipment for maturity in the composting and fermenting process of crop straws, so as to solve the technical problems.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: quick sample test equipment of maturity degree in crop straw compost fermentation process, which comprises a bracket, support and sampling tube axial sliding connection, sampling tube tip is provided with sampling mechanism, sampling mechanism includes and rotates the sample ball of being connected and being located the sampling tube with sampling tube tip, the sample ball includes rotates the axostylus axostyle of being connected with the sampling tube, axostylus axostyle side vertical fixation has intensive sample claw, the inside cavity of axostylus axostyle, fixed air pump passes through first trachea intercommunication on axostylus axostyle one end and the support, the inside impeller that is provided with of axostylus axostyle, air pump sampling tube passes through second trachea intercommunication, second trachea middle part is connected with heating device, first trachea is connected with the second trachea and the junction is provided with the three-way valve.

Preferably, the end of the sampling claw on the shaft rod is attached to the inner side of the sampling tube, the sampling claw is arc-shaped and comprises a plurality of rows, and each row of the sampling claws are located on the same section of the shaft rod.

Preferably, a blanking rod is fixed in the sampling tube and positioned between two adjacent rows of sampling claws, and the top end of the blanking rod is lower than the axis of the sampling tube.

Preferably, the sampling tube is connected with the support in a sliding mode in the axial direction of the tube support, the other end of the sampling tube is fixedly communicated with an air delivery disc which is rotatably connected with the right end of the support through a first air tube and a second air tube, the air delivery disc is rotatably connected with one end of an air delivery tube, and the other end of the air delivery tube is communicated with an air outlet end of an air pump fixed on the support.

Preferably, the outer side of the pipe barrel is provided with a gear ring, the gear ring is meshed with the teeth, the gear is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the servo motor, and the output shaft of the servo motor penetrates through the pipe frame and is rotatably connected with the pipe frame.

Preferably, the gas transmission disc is hollow, the first gas pipe and the second gas pipe are respectively communicated with the gas transmission disc, a groove is formed in the outer side of the gas transmission disc, the groove is coaxially and rotatably connected with a convex ring on the disc frame, the second gas pipe penetrates through the right end of the sampling pipe and extends into the sampling pipe, and a gas outlet hole is formed in the side face of the second gas pipe.

Preferably, the left end of the sampling tube is in threaded connection with an end cover, the end cover is provided with an exhaust mechanism, the exhaust mechanism comprises an exhaust hole formed in the middle of the end cover, a rubber pad is arranged in the exhaust hole, and a plurality of through holes are distributed in the rubber pad.

Preferably, the middle part of the rubber pad is abutted against an ejector rod fixed on the outer side of the end cover.

A sampling detection method in rapid sampling detection equipment for maturity in a crop straw compost fermentation process includes the steps of firstly measuring the net weight of the sampling equipment, opening an end cover at the end of a sampling pipe, pumping air into a first air pipe through an air pump, enabling an impeller inside a shaft rod communicated with the first air pipe to drive a sampling ball to rotate, sending compost into the sampling pipe, avoiding the compost from being extruded by the sampling equipment to cause moisture loss under pressure, improving detection precision, measuring the weight of the sampling equipment with straw compost after sampling is completed, then rotating a three-way valve, enabling the air pump to be communicated with a second air pipe, supplying air to the inside of the sampling pipe through the air pump to dry straws, measuring the weight of the dried detection equipment again, and obtaining a straw maturity parameter through calculation.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the straw can be fed into the sampling pipe by rotating the sampling ball by adopting a mode that the end part of the sampling pipe is rotationally connected with the sampling ball, samples with different depths in the straw pile are taken, and the phenomenon that the sampling equipment is directly inserted into the straw pile to generate local external pressure on compost fermented straw to cause local water loss of the fermented straw and influence the straw maturity detection precision is avoided;

2. the sampling ball adopts a mode that the shaft lever is fixedly connected with the sampling claw, the straw can be fed into the sampling pipe by the continuous rotation of the sampling claw at the port, meanwhile, the shaft lever is hollow and communicated with the first air pipe, and the shaft lever can rotate and generate axial thrust to the sampling pipe through long-distance transmission of the air pump, so that the sampling pipe has a tendency of moving towards a straw pile;

3. the air pump is communicated with the second air pipe, an air outlet is formed in the second air pipe, the second air pipe is connected to the interior of the sampling pipe, the air pump can pump air to the interior of the sampling pipe, and meanwhile, the servo motor is meshed with a gear ring on the outer side of a pipe barrel sleeved outside the sampling pipe through a gear, so that the sampling pipe can be centrifugally rotated on the support to be matched with the air pump to pump air to the interior of the sampling pipe to quickly dry straws;

4. the end cover is connected to one end of the sampling tube, the rubber pad with the through hole is arranged in the exhaust hole in the middle of the upper portion of the end cover, suspended solids in air flow can be filtered through the rubber pad, solid loss is avoided, one side of the rubber pad is supported by the ejector rod, and the rubber pad is prevented from deforming under the action of air flow pressure to increase the through hole and discharge the solids.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a coupon according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shaft of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the tube rack of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the gas delivery tray of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap of the present invention;

reference numerals are as follows: 1. a support; 11. a pipe frame; 12. a tray frame; 2. a servo motor; 21. a gear; 3. an air pump; 4. a gas delivery pipe; 5. a gas transmission disc; 51. a groove; 6. a sampling tube; 61. an air intake passage; 62. an air outlet channel; 63. a blanking rod; 7. a tube barrel; 71. a pipe groove; 72. a ring gear; 8. a first air pipe; 9. a second air pipe; 91. a three-way valve; 92. a heating device; 93. an air outlet; 10. sampling a ball; 101. a shaft lever; 102. a sampling claw; 103. an impeller; 20. an end cap; 201. a convex cylinder; 202. a top rod; 203. a rubber pad; 204. a through hole; 205. and (4) exhausting holes.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which are provided for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. Other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the implementation belong to the protection scope of the invention.

Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in figures 1-3, the rapid sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting and fermenting process of crop straws comprises a bracket 1, the bracket 1 is axially connected with the sampling tube 6 in a sliding way, the end part of the sampling tube 6 is provided with a sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball 10 which is rotatably connected with the end part of the sampling tube 6 and is positioned in the sampling tube 6, the sampling ball 10 comprises a shaft rod 101 which is rotationally connected with the sampling tube 6, a dense sampling claw 102 is vertically fixed on the side surface of the shaft rod 101, the shaft lever 101 is hollow, one end of the shaft lever 101 is communicated with the air pump 3 fixed on the bracket 1 through the first air pipe 8, an impeller 103 is arranged in the shaft lever 101, the sampling tube 6 of the air pump 3 is communicated through a second air tube 9, the middle part of the second air pipe 9 is connected with a heating device 92, and the joint of the first air pipe 8 and the second air pipe 9 is provided with a three-way valve 91.

Before sampling, weighing the weight of sampling detection equipment, fixing a bracket 1 at a sampling position during sampling, then pneumatically driving an air pump 3, rotating a three-way valve 91 to enable the air pump 3 to be communicated with a first air pipe 8, enabling the first air pipe 8 to be positioned in an air inlet channel 61 on the side surface of a sampling pipe 6, enabling the inside of a shaft lever 101 communicated with the air inlet channel 61 to ventilate when the end part of the first air pipe 8 is blown out, enabling the air force to act on the inside of the shaft lever 101 to enable the shaft lever 101 to rotate, simultaneously fixedly connecting a sampling claw 102 on the outside of the shaft lever 101, enabling a sampling ball 10 to rotate to enable straws to be fed into the sampling pipe 6 when one end of the sampling pipe 6 is butted on a straw pile, enabling air flow passing through the shaft lever 101 to be discharged from an exhaust channel, enabling the sampling pipe 6 to be subjected to acting force towards the left side under the action of the air flow, enabling the sampling pipe 6 to move towards the deep position of the straw pile while sampling, so as to obtain straw samples in fermentation at different depths of the straw pile, and after sampling is completed, weigh sample detection equipment's whole weight, later rotate three-way valve 91, make air pump 3 and second trachea 9 intercommunication, air pump 3 is to the inside pump gas of sampling tube 6, the air current is heated through heating device 92, heating device 92 adopts the cartridge heater with the same principle of the charging equipment of moulding plastics, drive sampling tube 6 simultaneously and rotate for support 1, quick drying fermentation straw under hot air heating and centrifugal action, measure the weight of the sample detection equipment after the stoving, moisture through calculating among the fermentation straw reachs the straw maturity, sampling tube 6 can get into the straw while taking a sample and pile depths, directly turn the sample influence straw pile fermentation in avoiding current sample, perhaps adopt the mode of direct insertion sample to make the straw lose water and influence the detection precision.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1-4, the rapid sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting and fermentation process of crop straws comprises a support 1, the support 1 is axially connected with a sampling tube 6 in a sliding manner, a sampling mechanism is arranged at the end of the sampling tube 6, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball 10 which is rotatably connected with the end of the sampling tube 6 and is positioned in the sampling tube 6, the sampling ball 10 comprises a shaft lever 101 which is rotatably connected with the sampling tube 6, dense sampling claws 102 are vertically fixed at the side surface of the shaft lever 101, the shaft lever 101 is hollow, one end of the shaft lever 101 is communicated with an air pump 3 fixed on the support 1 through a first air pipe 8, an impeller 103 is arranged in the shaft lever 101, the sampling tube 6 of the air pump 3 is communicated through a second air pipe 9, the middle part of the second air pipe 9 is connected with a heating device 92, the first air pipe 8 is connected with the second air pipe 9, and a three-way valve 91 is arranged at the joint of the first air pipe 8 and the second air pipe 9, the end part of a sampling claw 102 on the shaft rod 101 is attached to the inner side of the sampling tube 6, the sampling claw 102 is arc-shaped, the sampling claw 102 comprises a plurality of rows, each row of sampling claws 102 is positioned on the same section of the shaft rod 101, a blanking rod 63 is fixed in the sampling tube 6, the blanking rod 63 is positioned between two adjacent rows of sampling claws 102, and the top end of the blanking rod 63 is lower than the axial line of the sampling tube 6

Sampling claw 102 on sampling ball 10 sets up to one row by axostylus axostyle 101 both ends to the gradual increase structure of axostylus axostyle 101 middle part length to use axostylus axostyle 101 axis to rotate as the center, make similar crooked finger in the rotation of sampling claw 102 hook the straw into sampling tube 6, send into sampling tube 6 when the straw, sampling claw 102 intersects with the inside fixed unloading pole 63 of sampling tube 6, intercepts the fermentation straw, reaches and gets the material purpose.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1-5, the fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting and fermentation process of crop straws comprises a support 1, the support 1 is axially connected with a sampling tube 6 in a sliding manner, a sampling mechanism is arranged at the end of the sampling tube 6, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball 10 which is rotatably connected with the end of the sampling tube 6 and is positioned in the sampling tube 6, the sampling ball 10 comprises a shaft lever 101 which is rotatably connected with the sampling tube 6, dense sampling claws 102 are vertically fixed on the side surface of the shaft lever 101, the shaft lever 101 is hollow, one end of the shaft lever 101 is communicated with an air pump 3 fixed on the support 1 through a first air pipe 8, an impeller 103 is arranged inside the shaft lever 101, the sampling tube 6 of the air pump 3 is communicated through a second air pipe 9, the middle part of the second air pipe 9 is connected with a heating device 92, the first air pipe 8 is connected with the second air pipe 9, and a three-way valve 91 is arranged at the connection part, the sampling tube 6 is axially and slidably connected with a tube frame 11 fixedly connected with the support 1, the other end of the sampling tube 6 is fixedly communicated with an air delivery disc 5 rotatably connected with the right end of the support 1 through a first air tube 8 and a second air tube 9, the air delivery disc 5 is rotatably connected with one end of an air delivery tube 4, the other end of the air delivery tube 4 is communicated with an air outlet end of an air pump 3 fixed on the support 1, a gear ring 72 is arranged on the outer side of the tube barrel 7, the gear ring 72 is meshed with teeth, the gear 21 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a servo motor 2, the output shaft of the servo motor 2 penetrates through the tube frame 11 and is rotatably connected with the tube frame 11, the air delivery disc 5 is hollow, the first air tube 8 and the second air tube 9 are respectively communicated with the air delivery disc 5, a groove 51 is arranged on the outer side of the air delivery disc 5, the groove 51 is coaxially and rotatably connected with the inner side of a convex ring on the tube frame 12, the second air tube 9 penetrates through the right end of the sampling tube 6 and extends into the sampling tube 6, an air outlet 93 is arranged on the side surface of the second air pipe 9.

When the air pump 3 pumps air, air flow enters the air transmission disc 5 which is rotationally connected with the air transmission pipe 4 through the air transmission pipe 4, the air transmission disc 5 is hollow, the other side of the air transmission disc 5 is communicated with the second air pipe 9, so that the air flow enters the second air pipe 9, the second air pipe 9 is connected with the first air pipe 8 through the three-way valve 91, the direction of the air flow can be controlled, when sampling is needed, the air flow enters the first air pipe 8, when drying is needed, the air flow enters the sampling pipe 6 through the second air pipe 9, the outer side of the air transmission disc 5 is provided with a groove 51 which is rotationally connected with a convex ring on the disc frame 12, so that the servo motor 2 rotates to drive the pipe barrel 7 which is in transmission connection through the gear 21 and the gear ring 72 to rotate, the inner side of the pipe 7 is provided with a pipe groove 71 which is clamped with the side surface of the sampling pipe 6, so that the sampling pipe 6 rotates along with the sampling pipe, and the sampling pipe 6 are fixed with the air transmission disc 5 because air supply is needed to continuously supply in the rotating process, and the gas transmission disk 5 is rotationally connected with the gas transmission pipe 4, and the sample in the sampling pipe 6 is rapidly dried by the way of centrifugation and gas supply.

Example 4

The fast sampling and detecting device for the maturity degree in the composting and fermentation process of the crop straws comprises a support 1, wherein the support 1 is connected with a sampling tube 6 in an axial sliding manner, a sampling mechanism is arranged at the end part of the sampling tube 6, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball 10 which is rotationally connected with the end part of the sampling tube 6 and is positioned in the sampling tube 6, the sampling ball 10 comprises a shaft rod 101 which is rotationally connected with the sampling tube 6, dense sampling claws 102 are vertically fixed on the side surface of the shaft rod 101, the shaft rod 101 is hollow, one end of the shaft rod 101 is communicated with an air pump 3 which is fixed on the support 1 through a first air pipe 8, an impeller 103 is arranged in the shaft rod 101, the sampling tube 6 of the air pump 3 is communicated through a second air pipe 9, the middle part of the second air pipe 9 is connected with a heating device 92, the first air pipe 8 is connected with the second air pipe 9, a three-way valve 91 is arranged at the joint, and the left end of the sampling tube 6 is in a threaded connection with an end cover 20, the exhaust mechanism is arranged on the end cover 20 and comprises an exhaust hole 205 arranged in the middle of the end cover 20, a rubber pad 203 is arranged in the exhaust hole 205, a plurality of through holes 204 are distributed in the rubber pad 203, and the middle of the rubber pad 203 is abutted to an ejector rod 202 fixed on the outer side of the end cover 20.

After sampling is finished, the end cover 20 is connected with the end part of the sampling tube 6 before drying, loss of samples in the sampling tube 6 in the drying process is avoided, the exhaust hole 205 is formed in the middle of the end cover 20, the air flow carrying moisture is exhausted, the rubber pad 203 is arranged at the exhaust hole 205, the through hole 204 is formed in the rubber pad 203, solid samples are prevented from being lost while the air flow can be exhausted, one side of the rubber pad 203 is abutted to the ejector rod 202 fixed in the convex barrel 201 on the end cover 20, the side, facing the inner end of the sampling tube 6, of the rubber pad 203 is convex, and deformation and expansion of the through hole 204 caused by deformation of the rubber pad 203 under the action of air pressure are avoided, so that the solid samples are lost.

Before sampling detection, firstly measuring the net weight of sampling equipment, opening an end cover 20 at the end part of a sampling tube 6, pumping air into a first air tube 8 through an air pump 3, driving a sampling ball 10 to rotate by an impeller 103 inside a shaft rod 101 communicated with the first air tube 8, sending compost into the sampling tube 6, avoiding the compost from being squeezed by the sampling equipment to cause moisture loss under pressure, improving the detection precision, measuring the weight of the sampling equipment with straw compost after sampling is finished, then rotating a three-way valve 91 to enable the air pump 3 to be communicated with a second air tube 9, supplying air to the interior of the sampling tube 6 through the air pump 3 to dry straws, measuring the weight of the dried detection equipment again, and obtaining the straw maturity parameter through calculation.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Quick sample test equipment of degree of maturity in crop straw compost fermentation process, including support (1), its characterized in that: the bracket (1) is connected with the sampling tube (6) in an axial sliding way, the end part of the sampling tube (6) is provided with a sampling mechanism, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling ball (10) which is rotationally connected with the end part of the sampling tube (6) and is positioned in the sampling tube (6), the sampling ball (10) comprises a shaft rod (101) which is rotationally connected with the sampling tube (6), dense sampling claws (102) are vertically fixed on the side surface of the shaft lever (101), the shaft lever (101) is hollow, one end of the shaft lever (101) is communicated with an air pump (3) fixed on the bracket (1) through a first air pipe (8), an impeller (103) is arranged in the shaft lever (101), the sampling tube (6) of the air pump (3) is communicated with the sampling tube (6) through a second air tube (9), the middle part of the second air pipe (9) is connected with a heating device (92), the first air pipe (8) is connected with the second air pipe (9), and a three-way valve (91) is arranged at the connection part;

the end part of a sampling claw (102) on the shaft lever (101) is attached to the inner side of the sampling tube (6), the sampling claw (102) is arc-shaped, the sampling claw (102) comprises a plurality of rows, and each row of the sampling claws (102) are positioned on the same section of the shaft lever (101);

a blanking rod (63) is fixed in the sampling tube (6), the blanking rod (63) is positioned between two adjacent rows of sampling claws (102), and the top end of the blanking rod (63) is lower than the axis of the sampling tube (6);

second trachea (9) run through in sampling tube (6) right-hand member extends to sampling tube (6), second trachea (9) side is provided with venthole (93).

2. The fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting fermentation process of crop straws as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: fixed connection's pipe support (11) endwise slip connection is gone up with support (1) to sampling tube (6) one end, and sampling tube (6) other end rotates the fixed intercommunication of gas transmission dish (5) of being connected through first trachea (8), second trachea (9) and support (1) right-hand member, gas transmission dish (5) rotate with gas-supply pipe (4) one end and are connected, gas-supply pipe (4) other end and the end intercommunication of giving vent to anger of fixing air pump (3) on support (1).

3. The fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting fermentation process of crop straws as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: a gear ring (72) is arranged on the outer side of the pipe barrel (7), the gear ring (72) is meshed with a gear (21), the gear (21) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the servo motor (2), and the output shaft of the servo motor (2) penetrates through the pipe frame (11) and is rotationally connected with the pipe frame (11);

the servo motor (2) rotates to drive the pipe barrel (7) which is in transmission connection with the servo motor through the gear (21) and the gear ring (72) to rotate, and a pipe groove (71) is formed in the inner side of the pipe barrel (7) and is clamped with the side face of the sampling pipe (6).

4. The fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting fermentation process of crop straws as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the gas transmission disc (5) is hollow, the first gas pipe (8) and the second gas pipe (9) are communicated with the gas transmission disc (5) respectively, a groove (51) is formed in the outer side of the gas transmission disc (5), and the groove (51) is coaxially and rotatably connected with a convex ring on the disc frame (12).

5. The fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting fermentation process of crop straws as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the sampling tube (6) is characterized in that an end cover (20) is in threaded connection with the left end of the sampling tube (6), an exhaust mechanism is arranged on the end cover (20), the exhaust mechanism comprises an exhaust hole (205) formed in the middle of the end cover (20), a rubber pad (203) is arranged in the exhaust hole (205), and a plurality of through holes (204) are distributed in the rubber pad (203).

6. The fast sampling and detecting device for maturity in the composting fermentation process of crop straws as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the middle part of the rubber pad (203) is propped against the top rod (202) fixed at the outer side of the end cover (20).

7. The sampling detection method of the rapid sampling detection equipment for the degree of decomposition in the crop straw compost fermentation process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: firstly, measure sampling device net weight, open end cover (20) of sampling tube (6) tip, pump gas in to first trachea (8) through air pump (3), impeller (103) inside axostylus axostyle (101) with first trachea (8) intercommunication can drive sample ball (10) and rotate, send the compost into inside sampling tube (6), avoid sampling device extrusion compost to lead to the compost to receive the pressure moisture to run off, improve and detect the precision, the measuring has the sampling device weight of straw compost after the sample is accomplished, later, rotate three-way valve (91), make air pump (3) and second trachea (9) intercommunication, through air pump (3) to the inside air feed stoving straw of sampling tube (6), measure the check out test set weight after the stoving again, through calculating out straw maturity parameter.