RU2549728C2 - Passengers and cargoes air transportation and system to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to air transportation of passengers and freight. Proposed process consists in that flying vehicle is equipped with motors before flight. Besides, several vertical props are located between departure and destination points with platforms secured atop said props and two parallel electric power supply conductors and cable guides parallel therewith located at said platforms. Note here that said guides support wheeled carriage with two current collectors secured thereat by pressure springs. Said carriage is coupled by towing cable with flying vehicle and power supply line is connected to electric power source. Flying vehicle motors are connected via the cable to current collectors to power supply line to start the flight thereafter. Proposed system comprises propulsion motors to be installed at flying vehicle. Several vertical propos are mounted on the ground in flight direction with platforms secured there atop. Motors are connected via cable with sliding current collectors to electric power line secured at the platforms.

EFFECT: better environmental protection and flight safety.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to air transport, with the help of which passengers and goods are transported over long distances.

A widely known method of transporting passengers and goods over long distances using an aircraft, and in particular by plane. The main advantages of this type of transport is a high speed of delivery, and thereby a short time on the road. Especially these characteristics become important when the distances between these points of movement are several thousand kilometers.

This method is implemented using a system for transporting passengers and goods as follows. At the airport of departure, an airplane is installed on the runway. An energy carrier is loaded on board the aircraft to provide engine operation, for example, hydrocarbon fuel. They load passengers and cargo onto the plane, start the engines of the plane, lift the plane into the air to a predetermined height, accelerate the plane to a predetermined speed and move it to the airport of the point of arrival, where it lands. The movement of modern aircraft over long distances (several thousand km) is carried out at an altitude of about 10 km and a speed of about 900 km / h.

However, this method has several serious disadvantages. The main disadvantage of this method is the high cost of transportation compared to land transport. The high cost of transporting passengers and goods by air to a large extent lies in the need to transport, together with passengers and cargo, a large amount of fuel for the engines of an air vehicle. So, for example, an IL 76 airplane (Internet. Wikipedia.) Can carry 350 passengers. Their weight together with personal cargo is approximately 35,000 kg. To transport this number of passengers to a distance of 7,000 km, the aircraft needs to load approximately 63,000 kg of fuel (9,000 kg per 1,000 km) on board. As can be seen from the considered example, approximately 180 kg of fuel is required for the transportation of each passenger, i.e. at the beginning of the journey, the mass of fuel in the airplane is approximately two times the mass of the transported payload.

It can be assumed that the fuel component in the case under consideration amounts to a significant fraction of the total cost of moving passengers and goods in the price of a passenger ticket.

The disadvantages of this method of transportation also include: an increased level of radiation background at the flight altitude of modern aircraft that adversely affects the body of passengers, especially if you take into account the long time that the aircraft is in flight; low density of the environment surrounding the aircraft, dangerous for passengers during depressurization of the aircraft.

The disadvantages of this method of movement should also include air pollution by products of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, a high noise level in the area adjacent to the airports during take-off and landing of the aircraft.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to develop a method for transporting passengers and goods over long distances and implementing its device, providing a significant reduction in the cost of transporting passengers and goods over long distances at a sufficiently high level (at least when compared with current ground speeds transport) speed of movement, reduction of environmental pollution, noise of running engines, radiation exposure to passengers, ensuring normal density on board in case of accidental depressurization.

This is achieved by the fact that in the known method of transporting passengers and goods by air, including supplying energy from a source to the aircraft’s engines, starting the engines, taking off the aircraft at the airport of the departure point, climbing to a given height and accelerating to a given speed, flying to the arrival point and landing at the airport of the point of arrival, before takeoff, the aircraft is equipped with engines that use electricity as an energy carrier, and between the points of departure and arrival are installed on the ground I have a surface with a series of vertical supports, on the upper ends of which platforms are fixed, and on them are two parallel wires of the electric main (power line) and in the same place there are cable guides in parallel with them. At the same time, a carriage equipped with wheels is installed on these guides with two current collectors fixed in it by means of clamping springs. In addition, the carriage is connected using a towing cable to the aircraft, the power line is connected to a power source, and the aircraft engines are connected via a cable through the current collectors to the power line. After that, the aircraft’s engines are started, accelerated to take-off speed, lifted into the air and, after reaching a predetermined design altitude above the electric line, for example 100 m, and a flight speed, for example 500 km / h, they move to the point of arrival where they land apparatus.

So that the aircraft does not deviate from the flight path, in the dark, in bad weather, it will be equipped with an all-weather automatic control system for heading and altitude relative to the electric main (this system is not shown in the attached figures).

To ensure flight safety, the aircraft is equipped with an emergency source of energy, as well as its own automatic device for disconnecting the tow rope from the carriage, and the cable from the carriage and simultaneously from the electric main.

When the aircraft moves along the track, the trolley is affected by aerodynamic forces and the cable tension force. The optimum cable length and, accordingly, the angle of its inclination with respect to the direction of flight are automatically adjusted using a winch installed on board the aircraft.

This is also achieved by the fact that in the system for transporting passengers and goods by air, comprising an aircraft, consisting of a fuselage with engines and units for creating lift and thrust, as well as a system for supplying energy to the engines, the aircraft uses engines using energy carrier electricity. On the earth's surface between the points of departure and arrival, a number of vertical supports are installed, on the upper ends of which platforms are fixed. On platforms, through insulators, two are parallelly tensioned in the direction of flight and, in turn, are connected to the electric power source of the electrical conductor. The motors are connected via cable through sliding current collectors to these conductors. In addition, on the platforms next to the conductors and in parallel with them, two tensioned cables are fixed as guides, on which the carriage is connected with a towing cable and cable to the aircraft with the possibility of rolling. Flanged from one (outer) side of the carriage wheel are installed alternately on top and bottom of each cable guide. This prevents the possibility of moving the carriage in a vertical direction relative to these guides. In this case, the carriage is assembled using explosive bolts from two longitudinal halves, between which a pyro-cup is laid and the ends of the tow rope and cable are clamped. This design of the carriage allows in the event of an emergency to quickly and reliably drop it from the cable guides, as well as disconnect it from the cable and the towing cable and thereby disconnect the aircraft from the highway. This will allow him to autonomously head to the nearest landing strip, using the emergency energy supply on board.

Inside the carriage, springs are fixed, pressing sliding current collectors docked to the cable to the conductors of the electric main. This ensures constant reliable contact of the cable with the electric trunk.

Providing a constant distance between the cable guides along the entire length of the electric line is provided by fixing in the intervals between the supports with a certain interval made of jumpers made of dielectric, fixing the spatial arrangement of the guide wires and conductors of the electric line between themselves.

To ensure a dense permanent abutment of the wheels to the cable guides, one or more wheels on each side of the carriage are equipped with shock absorbers. For the same purpose, the distances between the nearest wheels on each half of the carriage are made longer than the length of the devices with which the guide cables are fixed. This always ensures that only one wheel is in contact with this device. These devices themselves are made with a smooth transition between their surfaces, on which the wheels of the carriage roll when the aircraft is moving, and the cable guide.

When the aircraft moves, the trolley is affected by aerodynamic forces and the tension force of the cable and tow rope, which, among other things, depend on the angle between these elements and the direction of flight. To optimize these forces, a winch is installed on the aircraft, with the help of which the length of the cable and the tow rope are adjusted.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the aircraft and the section of the highway, with which this device moves (this device can also be made similar to a helicopter). Figure 2 shows the cross section of the carriage, with which the transmission of electricity from the highway to the aircraft. Figure 3 shows a view in section aa of figure 2. Figure 4 shows a top view of a jumper connecting wires and cable guides.

The system for transporting passengers and goods by air includes a highway 5 containing two parallel wires stretched in the direction of flight, as well as two cable guides 7. The wires are connected to an electric power source 6. These wires 5 are fixed by means of electric insulators 21 on a fixing platform 22 mounted on the upper end of the supports 4. In parallel with the wires 5 on the fixing platform, cable guides are fixed 7. In the intervals between the supports, the specified spatial arrangement of wires and cable guides with stored using locking jumpers 16. To ensure unhindered passage by the wheels 10 of the carriage 9 of the locking platforms 22 and jumpers 16, the cable guides are fixed in them so that their side generators coincide with the vertical end surfaces of the locking platforms 22 and jumpers 16. The wires are fixed in fixing platforms 22 and jumpers 16 so that their upper generators protrude from the insulators 21, with which they are fixed. This ensures the free movement of sliding current collectors 15. The carriage 9 is stopped on the cable guides 7, with which electric power is supplied to the aircraft 1. The carriage 9 is made of two identical halves 12 tightly pressed against each other by means of bursting bolts 11. Between the two halves the carriage is filled with a pyroshash 13, the blasting of which is carried out remotely (if necessary) from the aircraft 1. The charge of the pyroshash 13 and the diameter of the explosive bolts 11 are selected so that these you with blasting piroshashki burst, and both halves of the carriage 12, flew to the side of the flight routes are, freeing it for other aircraft.

Both halves of the carriage have upper and lower wheels 10 flanged like railway wheels, pressed tightly against the cable guides 7. The flanging of the wheels 10 does not allow the carriage to mix laterally relative to the cable guides 7, and the installation of the wheels 10 from the bottom and top relative to the cable guides 7 does not allow the carriage 9 when moving to shift in a vertical plane. For shock-free passage of the locking platforms and jumpers, the wheels are equipped with shock absorbers 17. For the same purpose, the surface sections of the locking platforms 22 and jumpers 16 along which the wheels run are made with a smooth transition between these surfaces and the cable guides.

The carriage 9 is connected through the winch 18 to the aircraft 1 by means of a towing cable 8, to which cable 3 is in turn attached. In the carriage 9, the ends of the cable 3 and the towing cable 8 are clamped between the two halves 12 of the carriage 9. This is done so that in the event of an emergency, with the help of a bomb, these ends fell out of the carriage 9. In this case, the aircraft 1 is easily and quickly released from the carriage 9 and thereby disconnected from the highway 5.

To enable the aircraft to move freely on the earth's surface using a tug, the tow cable 8 and cable 3 are equipped with detachable (connecting) couplings 19 and 20, which allow the aircraft 1 to be completely disconnected from line 5 (a self-supporting cable can be used instead of the tow cable with cable )

In the carriage 9, current collectors 15 are pressed against the wires of the main line 5. The ends of the cable are pressed to the current collectors 15 by means of springs 14. The same springs simultaneously press the current collectors 15 to the wires of the main 5. Such a design, in the event of a bomb breaking 13, allows cable 3 to be released from carriage 9 and simultaneously disconnect it from the current collector 15.

In the place of start and landing, wires and cable guides are located at or below the earth's surface (in the channel). This allows you (with a sufficient length of the tow rope) to land and take off the aircraft, parallel to the highway, being on the side of it. This is not shown in the figures.

To ensure free movement of the aircraft 1 in the air (in the event of an emergency, for example, when the power is suddenly cut off), the aircraft is equipped with its own energy source (this is not shown in the figures).

The system that implements the transportation of passengers and goods by air works as follows. Aircraft 1 prepared for flight is installed on the runway near highway 5. Using couplings 19 and 20, the aircraft 1 is connected to highway 5. After passengers are boarded and cargo is loaded onto the aircraft, its engines 2 are started, this vehicle 1 is accelerated to take-off speeds, lift it to a height set relative to the highway and fly to the landing point, where they put it on the landing strip.

In the event of an emergency, such as a power outage, in an automatic mode, the aircraft:

- switches to an internal energy source;

- by detonating the pyro-dish 13 is disconnected from the highway 5;

- with the help of a winch 18, draws towing cable 8 and cable 3 on board the aircraft 1, and the aircraft 1 in free flight is sent to the nearest landing site.

The considered method of transportation of passengers and goods and the system that implements it have the following advantages over current systems of transportation by air and ground modes of transport:

- since the aircraft is “tied” with the help of a tow rope to a highway fixed on the earth’s surface, which is actually a guideway, it can fly in this regard, unlike air transportation, in almost any weather conditions;

- the highway fixed on the earth’s surface on separate supports along which the vehicle of the passenger and cargo transportation system in question will move will be much cheaper when it is implemented, as well as during operation, as compared to highways for ground modes of transport;

- during the construction of the highway under consideration, the minimum possible damage to nature and ecology will be inflicted, especially when passing through the highway in the permafrost zone;

- the aircraft used in the proposed method of transportation will be cheaper and simpler than airplanes both in terms of its creation and in terms of operation because:

- it lacks a complex internal energy supply system;

- with the same payload, its mass will be much less (no need to transport fuel, which in a long-distance aircraft is about two-thirds of the cargo carried);

- it is not required to create an emergency oxygen supply system for passengers in case of depressurization of the passenger compartment, etc .;

- due to a sharp decrease in energy consumption for the transportation of 1 kg of payload by the proposed aircraft compared to an airplane or a helicopter, the cost of a flight on the aircraft in question can be significantly lower than on an airplane;

- due to the absence of a hydrocarbon energy carrier on board the aircraft, this device will be practically fireproof in the event of a hard (not regular) landing.

Claims (9)

1. A method of transporting passengers and goods by air, including supplying energy from a source to the aircraft’s engines, starting the engines, taking off the aircraft at the airport of the departure point, climbing to a given height and accelerating to a given speed, flying to the point of arrival and landing at the airport of the point arrival, characterized in that before takeoff, the aircraft is equipped with engines using electricity as an energy carrier, between the points of departure and arrival set on the earth's surface and a series of vertical supports, on the upper ends of which the platforms are fixed, and on the platforms two parallel wires of the electric main (power line) are fixed and cable guides are installed in parallel with them, and on these guides a carriage equipped with wheels is installed with clamping springs fixed in it two current collectors, connect the carriage with a tow rope to the aircraft, connect the power line to a power source, and the engines of the aircraft with using the cable through the current collectors to the power line, and only after that they start the aircraft’s engines, accelerate it to take-off speed, lift it into the air and, upon reaching the specified design altitude above the electric main, for example 100 m, and flight speed, for example 500 km / hour, move to the point of arrival, where they land this unit. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aircraft is equipped with an all-weather automatic control system for heading and altitude relative to the electric main. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aircraft is equipped with an emergency source of energy, as well as its own automatic device for disconnecting the tow rope from the carriage, and the cable from the electric line. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the cable and the tow rope is automatically adjusted using a winch installed on board the aircraft. 5. A system for transporting passengers and goods by air, comprising an aircraft, consisting of a fuselage with engines and units for generating lift and thrust, and a system for supplying energy carriers to the engines, characterized in that the aircraft uses engines using the energy carrier electricity, and on the earth's surface between the points of departure and arrival there are a number of vertical supports, on the upper ends of which are fixed platforms, on which, in turn, two are fixed in parallel stretched in the direction of flight and connected to the source of electricity of the conductor of the electric line, and the engines are connected via cable through the sliding current collectors to the conductors of the electric line and, in addition, on the vertical supports next to the conductors and in parallel with them two tensioned cables are fixed as guides on which are mounted with the possibility of rolling a carriage connected with a towing cable to an aircraft, flanged on one side of the wheel next to the top and bottom of each cable, while the carriage is assembled using tearing bolts from two longitudinal halves, between which a pyro-cup is placed and the ends of the towing cable and cable are clamped, and inside the carriage are fixed springs that press the sliding current collectors connected to the cable's conductors. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that along the entire length of the electrical line between the supports with a certain interval fixed jumpers made of a dielectric are fixed, fixing the spatial arrangement of the guide wires and conductors of the electric line between themselves. 7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that one or more wheels on each side of the carriage are equipped with shock absorbers. 8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the distances between the nearest wheels on each half of the carriage are made longer than the length of the section of the device with which the guide cables are fixed on the supports, and this section is made with a smooth transition between its surface along which they roll carriage wheels when moving the aircraft and the cable. 9. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that a winch is installed on the aircraft, with which the length of the cable and the tow rope are adjusted.

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