RU2548571C2 - System for wireless electric power supply to remote consumers of electrical energy via laser beam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the power transmission techniques. The device contains the transmitting and reception electric energy modules Tesla connected among themselves by the laser line of resonant electric energy transmission. The line comprises the collector electrodes installed coaxially on the transmitting and reception modules respectively and the laser atmospheric air ionizer installed on the transmitting module coaxially with the electrode. The ionizer is multifrequency one, it contains at least two pulse semiconductor lasers, the unit of collimation of laser beams and the optical lens installed coaxially with the collector electrode. The lasers are semiconductor ones respectively with the frequencies ν₁ and ν₂ in the atmosphere transparency frequencies band.

EFFECT: technical result consists in air power transmission.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to power devices for remote consumers of electrical energy via single-wire power transmission lines.

Known power supply systems for electrical devices using an alternating voltage generator connected to a consumer, including an alternating voltage source, a frequency converter and a high-frequency transformer, one terminal of the high-voltage section of which is insulated or grounded, and the second is designed to supply high-voltage energy to the consumer (RF patent No. 210013, 1997 , AC and DC Power Transmission, Electrotechnical Handbook, Energoatomizdat, 1988, pp. 337-352, Nicola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1889-1900. Publidhed by Nolit, Beograd, 1978. 437 pp., Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I. Resonant methods of electric energy transmission.M .: GNU VIESH, 2004. - 188 pp., Strebkov D.S. Nikola Tesla and prospects of modern energy. M: GNU VIESH. 2013, 13 pp., Strebkov DS Resonant method of electric power transmission through single-wire waveguide overhead and cable lines. M: GNU VIESH. 2012, p. 34-35).

Known systems use a single-wire technique for transferring energy to a consumer. They do not produce heat in a conductor supplying electrical energy, which makes it possible to use conductors of small cross section without loss of electricity to heat them.

A disadvantage of the known systems is the need to use supports, insulators, wire or cable for energy transfer, which increases the cost of electricity transmission.

Another disadvantage is the impossibility of direct use of known systems for the direct power supply of moving electric vehicles (cars, tractors, planes, rockets, ships, airships) due to the rigid connection of their receiving and transmitting paths with a wired communication line.

A known system for wireless power supply to remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam, including for the direct power supply of stationary and mobile electric vehicles: cars, tractors, planes, missiles, ships, airships, etc. (RF patent No. 2143775, publ. 12/27/1999).

The known system for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers through a laser beam contains transmitting and receiving modules of electrical energy, the collector electrodes of which are mounted coaxially and interconnected by a laser line of resonant transmission of electrical energy containing at least two pulsed lasers to ionize the atmosphere and create a conductive air channel between electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, and the transmitting module contains a step-up resonant transformer Te la, and a receiving unit - lowering the resonant Tesla transformer and / or diode-capacitor unit, connected to the respective electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules.

In this case, the conductive channel is formed by continuous laser radiation or using a radiation generator in a pulsed mode with a synchronous supply of electrical impulses to the conductive channel from the Tesla high-voltage high-frequency transformer. As a source of laser radiation used infrared CO ₂ laser of wavelength 10.6 microns of 1 kW, neodymium laser with frequency doubling with a wavelength of 0.53 microns and an electric power of 0.5 kW, the generator of X-ray and other radiation, aerosol generator and other devices that create increased channel conductivity along the axis of the radiation beam.

A disadvantage of the known system, selected as a prototype, is the increased loss of electrical energy on the formation of a conductive channel, leading to a decrease in the efficiency (efficiency) of power supply to remote consumers of electricity.

This is due to the fact that the wavelength is 10.6 μm of an infrared CO ₂ laser with a power of 1 kW and the wavelength of 0.53 μm is a neodymium laser, used mainly in radar and optical communications (Quantum Electronics. Edited by M.E. Zhabotinsky M.: “Soviet Encyclopedia.” 1969. 446 p., Pestov E.G., Lapshin G.M. Quantum Electronics. M: Military Publishing. 1972, 331 p., Yamanov D.N. Fundamentals of Electrodynamics and Radio Wave Propagation Part 2. M.: MSTU GA, 2005. 100 p., Physical Encyclopedia, ed. By A.M. Prokhorov, vol. 5, M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. p.81) are selected from the conditions Wii getting into the windows of transparency of the atmosphere. Moreover, using these lasers, the effect of electrical ionization of the air (see Quantum Electronics. Edited by ME Zhabotinsky. M.: “Soviet Encyclopedia.” 1969. 446 p., 10, 14, / “light breakdown”, Yamanov, D.N., Fundamentals of Electrodynamics and Radio Wave Propagation, Part 2, Moscow: MGTU GA, 2005. 100 pp., Microwave Energy, Collection edited by E. Okress, translated under the editorship of Schlifer, ED M: Publishing House Mir , 1971) "light breakdown" is possible in a limited volume (at the focusing point) only by creating a high (10 ⁹ W / cm ² ) power density of the electromagnet itnogo radiation (EMR) and the electric field at the focal point (E _pr ≈30 kV / cm).

см^-3). Такая плотность плазмы блокирует (Батенин В.М., Климовский И.И., Лысов Г.В., Троицкий В.Н. СВЧ - генераторы плазмы. Физика. Техника. Применение. М.: Энергоатомиздат. 1988. 224 с., Полетавкин П.Г. Космическая энергия. - М.: Наука, 1981, с. 103-130, Звонов А.А., Тарасенко В.Ф. лазерная антенна. RU 2081488, 10. 06.1997, Звонов А.А., Ратова Е.А. Лазерная электростанция. RU 2076470. 27.03.1997) дальнейшее распространение лазерного излучения с частотами, превышающими частоту рентгеновского излучения, и препятствует образованию токопроводящего канала в атмосфере достаточной длинны для электропитания удаленных потребителей электричества.Moreover, due to "light breakdown", leading to continuous ionization of almost all constituent particles of atmospheric air in the surface layers of the atmosphere (Handbook of systems engineering. Edited by R. Makol. Translation from English under the editorship of A.V. Shileyko. M .: “Soviet Radio.” 1970. 688 pp., German J. R., Goldberg R. A. Sun, weather, climate. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981, microwave energy. Collection edited by E. Okress. Shlifer ED M: Publishing house Mir, 1971, Batenin VM, Klimovsky II, Lysov GV, Troitsky VN Microwave - plasma generators. A. Technique. Application. M: Energoatomizdat. 1988. 224 p., Poletavkin PG Cosmic energy. - M .: Nauka, 1981, pp. 103-130) a plasma with a density is created at the focal point ( $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

cm ^-3 ). Such a plasma density blocks (Batenin V.M., Klimovsky II, Lysov G.V., Troitsky V.N. Microwave - plasma generators. Physics. Engineering. Application. M.: Energoatomizdat. 1988. 224 p., Poletavkin P.G. Cosmic energy. - Moscow: Nauka, 1981, pp. 103-130, Zvonov A.A., Tarasenko V.F. laser antenna. RU 2081488, 10.06.1997, Zvonov A.A., Ratova EA Laser power plant. RU 2076470. 03/27/1997) the further propagation of laser radiation with frequencies higher than the frequency of the x-ray radiation and prevents the formation of a conductive channel in the atmosphere of sufficient length for feeding remote consumers of electricity.

см^-3. Учитывая малую (Енохович А.С. Краткий справочник по физике. М.: Высшая школа», 1969, с.74÷75, Розенфельд В.Е., Староскольский Н.А. Высокочастотный бесконтактный электрический транспорт. М.: Транспорт, 1975) длину свободного пробега рентгеновского излучения в атмосфере - единицы ÷ десятки м, а также низкий / Квантовая электроника. Под ред. М.Е. Жаботинского. М.: «Советская энциклопедия». 1969. 446 с., Батенин В.М., Климовский И.И., Лысов Г.В., Троицкий В.Н. СВЧ - генераторы плазмы. Физика. Техника. Применение. М.: Энергоатомиздат. 1988. 224 с. / КПД (≤1%) преобразования электрической энергии в электромагнитную в рентгеновском диапазоне ЭМИ, использование рентгеновского лазера (патент РФ №2143775, 27.12.1999) для передачи электрической энергии в линиях Тесла также проблематично.The use of an X-ray laser (RF patent No. 2143775, 12/27/1999) to create a conductive channel in the atmosphere is also problematic due to its high ionizing ability and fast energy consumption E _and to create extended channels with a plasma density $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

cm ^-3. Given the small (Enokhovich AS A Brief Guide to Physics. M: Higher School ", 1969, pp. 74 ÷ 75, Rosenfeld V.E., Staroskolsky NA High-frequency non-contact electric transport. M: Transport, 1975 ) the mean free path of x-ray radiation in the atmosphere is units ÷ tens of meters, as well as low / Quantum Electronics. Ed. M.E. Jabotinsky. M .: “Soviet Encyclopedia”. 1969. 446 pp., Batenin V.M., Klimovsky I.I., Lysov G.V., Troitsky V.N. Microwave - plasma generators. Physics. Technics. Application. M .: Energoatomizdat. 1988.222 s. / Efficiency (≤1%) of converting electric energy into electromagnetic energy in the X-ray EMR range, using an X-ray laser (RF patent No. 2143775, 12/27/1999) for transmitting electric energy in Tesla lines is also problematic.

, где: (h·ν) - энергия кванта излучения с частотой ν, необходимая для ионизации одной частицы атмосферного воздуха; h=6.62517·10^-34 Дж·сек - постоянная Планка; плотность частиц $$n_2{}^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

см^-3, ионизируемая при «световом пробое» атмосферы длинноволновым ЭМИ и фотоионизации рентгеновским ЭМИ; (π·r²·D) - объем токопроводящего канала; r, D - средний радиус и длина токопроводящего канала, создаваемого лазерным излучением и требуемого для электропитания удаленных потребителей.The minimum value of the energy E _and required for the implementation of the system according to the prototype, in a first approximation, can be found / Quantum electronics. Ed. M.E. Jabotinsky. M .: “Soviet Encyclopedia”. 1969. 446 pp., Microwave - energy. Collection edited by E. Okress. Translation edited by Schlifer E.D. M .: Publishing house Mir, 1971., Zvonov A.A., Tarasenko V.F. Laser antenna RU 2081488, 06/10/1997, Zvonov A.A., Ratova E.A. Laser power station. RU 2076470.03.03.1997 / from the expression $$E_{\mathrm{and}}=\left(h\cdot \nu \right)\cdot n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\cdot \left(\pi r^2\cdot D\right)$$

where: (h · ν) is the energy of a radiation quantum with a frequency ν necessary for ionizing one particle of atmospheric air; h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec - Planck's constant; particle density $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

cm ^-3 , ionized during “light breakdown” of the atmosphere by long-wavelength EMP and photoionization by X-ray EMP; (π · r ² · D) is the volume of the conductive channel; r, D is the average radius and length of the conductive channel created by laser radiation and required for power supply to remote consumers.

So for the best conditions of the prototype (D = 1 km = 10 ⁵ cm, radius 0.5 cm), the required energy (E _and ) EMP to create a conductive channel with continuous ionization of atmospheric particles in the surface layer of the atmosphere and with the lifetime (relaxation) of the plasma in the created channel fractions ÷ units sec is

E _and = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · s × 1.5 · 10 ¹⁶ Hz × 10 ¹⁹ cm ^-3 × 3.14 ×

× 0.25 cm ² × 10 ⁵ cm = 7.8 · 10 ⁶ J = 7.8 MJ.

Taking into account the efficiency of the used lasers (1 ÷ 10)% (RF patent No. 2143775, 12/27/1999), the required energy in a pulse to create a conducting state will be (78 ÷ 780) MJ.

At a laser pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz (T = 1 pulse / s), the average power of electrical energy for powering the laser and maintaining the energy transmission channel in a conductive state will be P _cf = (28 ÷ 280) · 10 ⁹ kWh.

The contribution of high voltage to the ionization of the conductive channels in the prototype is not significant. This is due to the fact that during x-ray photoionization and “light breakdown” (radiation irrationally in frequency), the particles completely ionize in the atmospheric channel and there is nothing more to ionize. The only high-voltage ionization will smooth out plasma fluctuations in the period between laser pulses.

Given that in the prototype / 2 / the average power of electric energy transmitted through the laser beam to the consumer is (30 ÷ 60) MWh, and the cost of transmitting this energy through the specified beam is P _cf = (28 ÷ 280) · 10 ⁹ MW-hour, then the efficiency of the known method and device for transmitting energy through a laser beam is significantly less than declared in / 2 / efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase the coefficient of transmission of electrical energy to remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam.

The technical result that provides a solution to this problem is to reduce the loss of electrical energy on the formation of a conductive channel in the laser beam.

The achievement of the claimed technical result and, as a result, the solution of the problem is ensured by the fact that the system for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, comprising transmitting and receiving electric energy modules, the collector electrodes of which are mounted coaxially and interconnected by a laser line of resonant transmission of electrical energy containing at least two pulsed lasers to ionize the atmosphere and create a conductive air channel between the electrodes and transmitting and receiving modules, the transmitting module comprising a Tesla resonance transformer and the receiving module comprising a Tesla resonance transformer and / or a diode-capacitor unit connected to respective electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, characterized in that the laser line for resonant transmission of electrical energy additionally contains a unit for converging laser beams, an information unit is installed coaxially with the collector electrode of the transmitting module or in the immediate vicinity of it, the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules are made of refractory, the lasers are spaced in frequency by an amount corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the lasers are made with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of a potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules, period the pulse repetition of the laser is not less than the relaxation time of the plasma in the ionized air channel, the resonant frequency and authorizing reception Tesla transformers performed multiple of the frequency of laser pulses, and refractory electrodes are made of tungsten and / or graphite.

Introduction of the beam converting unit, installing it coaxially with the collector electrode of the transmitting module or in close proximity to it, making the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules refractory, spacing the laser frequencies by an amount corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, execution of lasers with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of a potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules The choice of the laser pulse repetition period not less than the plasma relaxation time in the ionized air channel, the selection of the resonance frequencies of the Tesla transmitting and receiving transformers by multiples of the laser pulse repetition rate, and the selection of rational parameters of the device elements make it possible to implement a method of transmitting electric energy through a laser beam with reduced energy costs and, thereby, increase the coefficient of transmission of electrical energy to remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam.

Figure 1 presents a functional diagram of a variant of a wireless power supply system for remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam with two Tesla resonant transformers.

см^-3) процентное содержание в атмосфере по сравнению с общим количеством частиц ( $$n_2{}^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

см^-3), содержащихся в 1 см³ в приземных слоях атмосферы / Справочник по системотехнике. Под ред. Р. Макола. Перевод с английского под ред. А.В. Шилейко. М.: «Советское радио». 1970. 688 с., Герман Дж.Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981 /. Избирательная (по выбору рациональных по плотности составляющих атмосферы) ионизация позволяет исключить блокирование передачи лазерных излучений с частотами ν₁ и ν₂ при 100% ионизации таких составляющих. При этом согласно /13, 21, 22, 25/ при плотности ( $$n_1{}^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

см^-3) зарядов в луче создаются условия / Герман Дж. Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981 / для электрического пробоя с увеличенным электрическим КПД - 70÷80%. Для сравнения по затратам электропитания в газовых лазерах - КПД ~1%.A system for wireless power supply of remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam in the simplest case contains transmitting 1 and receiving 2 modules of electric energy, interconnected by a laser line 3 of resonant transmission of electric energy. Line 3 includes collector electrodes 4 and 5, mounted coaxially on the transmitter 1 and receiver module 2, respectively, and a laser air ionizer 6, mounted on the transmitter module coaxially with the electrode 4. The collector electrodes 4 and 5 are made of refractory tungsten and / or graphite and connected to the high-voltage buses of modules 1 and 2. The electrode 4 is made in the form of a ring or in the form of two plates mounted on both sides of the optical axis of the ionizer 6. The ionizer 6 is multi-frequency, contains at least two pulse half ovodnikovyh / NG Basov Semiconductor quantum generators. M .: "Advances in physical sciences." 1965, T. 85, c. 4 / lasers 7 and 8, block 9 converging the beams of lasers 7 and 8 and an optical lens 10 mounted coaxially with the collector electrode 4. Lens 10 is designed to collimate the beam of the combined beams of lasers 7 and 8 between the electrodes 4 and 5. Lasers 7 and 8 are made semiconductor / Basov N.G. Semiconductor quantum generators. M .: "Advances in physical sciences." 1965, T. 85, c. 4 / respectively with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ in the frequency band of atmospheric transparency (reduced absorption of laser radiation). To reduce the energy consumption for ionization of the atmospheric channel frequency difference (Δν = ν _1- ν ₂₎ lasers chosen equal or multiple of the frequency of the Fraunhofer lines / pestov EG, GM Lapshin Quantum Electronics. M .: Military Publishing. 1972, 331 p., Yamanov D.N. Fundamentals of electrodynamics and radio wave propagation. Part 2. M.: MSTU GA, 2005. 100 p., Physical Encyclopedia. Ed. A.M. Prokhorova, vol. 5, Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. p.81 / resonant absorption of beat energy E _b = h · Δν, where h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec is the Planck constant, constituents of the atmosphere, for example, oxide carbon having a sufficiently small ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 ) the percentage in the atmosphere compared to the total number of particles ( $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

cm ^-3 ) contained in 1 cm ³ in the surface layers of the atmosphere / Handbook of systems engineering. Ed. R. Makola. Translation from English, ed. A.V. Shileyko. M .: "Soviet Radio". 1970. 688 p., German J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981 /. Selective (at the choice of atmospheric density-rational components) ionization eliminates the blocking of the transmission of laser radiation with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ at 100% ionization of such components. Moreover, according to / 13, 21, 22, 25 / at a density ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 ) charges in the beam conditions are created / Herman J. R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981 / for electrical breakdown with increased electrical efficiency - 70 ÷ 80%. For comparison, the cost of power in gas lasers - efficiency ~ 1%.

см^-3) плотность зарядов в лазерном луче сравнима с плотностью зарядов в «стримере» (потенциальной волны) - предвестнике электрической молнии в атмосфере / Герман Дж.Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981 /, распространяющейся со скоростью распространения зарядов V₂≈3·10⁵ км/с, которая существенно выше / Герман Дж.Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981/ скорости (~ 1 км/с) распространения «стримера».Specified ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 ) the charge density in the laser beam is comparable to the charge density in the "streamer" (potential wave) - a harbinger of electric lightning in the atmosphere / German J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981 /, which propagates with a charge propagation velocity V ₂ ≈3 · 10 ⁵ km / s, which is much higher / German J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981 / speed (~ 1 km / s) of the spread of the "streamer".

Since the propagation speed of laser ionizing radiation is comparable to the speed of light, the total time of electric breakdown of air in the laser beam will not be determined by the time (t _e = D / V _e , V _e = 1 km / s) of the passage of the potential wave E between electrodes 4 and 5 , and with time (t _i = D / V _i , V _i = 3 · 10 ⁵ km / s) the propagation of laser radiation.

According / Herman J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981, microwave energy. Collection edited by E. Okress. Translation edited by Schlifer E.D. M .: Publishing house Mir, 1971, Zvonov A.A., Ratova E.A. laser power station. RU 2076470. 03/27/1997 / this is due to the fact that the speed and energy of electrical breakdown of air substantially depend on the initial density of "seed" (n _ztr ) charges in the atmosphere. So, according to / German J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. Reference book on the basics of radar technology. Edited by V.V. Druzhinina. Military Publishing. 1967, 768 p., Khrenov K.K. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. Textbook for technical schools. Kiev. "Engineering literature", 1952, D. Zvonov, A. A. Zvonov Zvonov design device for welding and cutting materials. RU 2118244, 1988 / under normal atmospheric conditions n _ztr = 1 ÷ 3 cm ^-3 / Handbook of systems engineering. Ed. R. Makola. Translation from English, ed. A.V. Shileyko. M .: "Soviet Radio". 1970. 688 p., Herman J. R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981 / the required electric field strength for electric breakdown of the air is E _pr = 32 kV / cm, and for n _ztr = (10 ⁷ ÷ 10 ⁸ ) cm ^-3 = 20 V / cm.

From the above it is seen that taking into account the indicated natural phenomenon when transmitting electric energy through a laser beam 15 allows to reduce the total cost of electric energy to create a conductive line 15 with a simultaneous decrease in the time of its formation and transmission of electric energy from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving electric energy module. The transmitting module 1, as in the prototype / RF patent 2143775, 12/27/1999 /, contains a converter 11 of a three-phase voltage of industrial frequency 50 Hz to a frequency f∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz, loaded on a low voltage winding of a Tesla resonant transformer 12, whose high voltage winding connected to the electrode 4. The receiving module 2, as in / patent RF 2143775, 12/27/1999 /, contains a resonant transformer 13 Tesla / Nicola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1889-1900. Publidhed by Nolit, Beograd, 1978. 437 pp. / and / or a diode-capacitor unit / Electrical reference book, 1971, Energia Publishing House, vol. I, p. 871 / (not shown in the figures), connected via a high-voltage input to electrode 5, and by a low-voltage output, directly or through adapter 4 (inverter), with a consumer of electrical energy. Transformer 12 and 13 Tesla / Nicola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1889-1900. Publidhed by Nolit, Beograd, 1978. 437 pp., Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I. Resonant transmission methods of electrical energy. M.: GNU VIESH, 2004. - 188 p., Strebkov D.S. Nikola Tesla and the prospects for modern energy. M .: GNU VIESH. 2013, 13 p. /, invented in 1891, is a coreless or open-ended ferrite core transformer, the primary winding of which is located externally or coaxially with the secondary winding. The secondary winding consists of a large number of turns of copper thin insulated wire. One ground end of the high-voltage secondary winding remains free or shorted to Earth, and the second high-voltage end, for transmitting high-frequency voltage and high-voltage energy, is connected to the conductive line 15 through electrode 4. For reliable connection of the receiving 2 and transmitting 1 modules through the air channel 15, lasers 7 and 8 are made with pulse duration τ _and at least t ₁ = D / V ₁ , where D is the distance between electrodes 4 and 5, and V ₁ is the propagation velocity of the potential wave. The laser pulse repetition period T is made from the condition

Where:

f _res ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz - resonant frequency of transformers 12 and 13 Tesla;

L, C - inductance and capacitance of Tesla transformers 12 and 13, respectively;

K is the synchronization coefficient (multiples of the numerical value of the frequency f _res and f _and where f _and = 1 / T are the pulse repetition rate of the laser pulses, f _res is the resonant frequency of the Tesla transformers 12 and 13), K >> 1.

см^-3, достаточной для формирования в нем «электрической молнии» с минимальными затратами энергии лазерного излучения, энергетические параметры лазеров 7 и 8 выбраны из условий:To create the density of electric charges in the atmospheric channel $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 , sufficient for the formation of “electric lightning” in it with minimal energy consumption of laser radiation, the energy parameters of lasers 7 and 8 are selected from the conditions:

Where:

;P _and , E _and are the power and energy of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency Δν and a duration of τ _and necessary to create an ionized channel of length D with a charge density in the atmosphere $$n_i^{\mathrm{at}d}$$

;

, $$P_{и}^{мах}$$

- минимально и максимально допустимое значение P_и для фотоионизации атмосферного воздуха; $$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{and}n}$$

, $$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{but}x}$$

- minimum and maximum allowable value P _and the atmospheric air photoionization;

h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec - Planck's constant;

Δν, ν ₁ , ν ₂ - beat frequency and radiation of the first and second lasers, respectively;

{ультрафиолетовый ÷ сантиметровый диапазон электромагнитных волн} - Фраунгоферова i-я линия поглощения электромагнитного излучения молекулами и атомами воздуха; $${\upsilon }_{Res}^i\in$$

{ultraviolet ÷ centimeter range of electromagnetic waves} - Fraungoferova i-th line of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and air atoms;

см^-3 - плотность электрических зарядов в атмосферном канале, необходимая для электрического пробоя (полной ионизации - $$n_2{}^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

см^-3) атмосферы электрическим полем Тесла с напряженностью E_т=U/D≈20 В/см; $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 - the density of electric charges in the atmospheric channel, necessary for electrical breakdown (full ionization - $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

cm ^-3 ) of the atmosphere with a Tesla electric field with intensity E _t = U / D≈20 V / cm;

r is the average radius of the laser beam;

U = (10 ÷ 220) kV - voltage between the transmitting and receiving electrodes of the laser line of the resonant transmission of electricity Tesla;

τ is the duration of laser pulses;

D is the transmission range of electrical energy;

см^-3;V = 3 · 10 ⁵ km / s - velocity of propagation of a potential wave at $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 ;

T - the period of the laser pulses;

τ _rel = (0.8 ÷ 1.2) s is the plasma relaxation time.

A system for wireless power supply to remote consumers of electrical energy by a laser beam operates as follows.

When the transmitting module 1 is turned on, the frequency converter 11 converts the input three-phase voltage 3 × 220 V with a frequency f ₁ = 50 Hz into a voltage with a frequency

Where:

f _pez - resonant frequency of the transformer 12 Tesla;

L, C - inductance and capacitance of the transformer 12 Tesla, respectively.

в высоковольтной вторичной обмотке трансформатора 12 возникают высокочастотные колебания напряжением до 7·10⁶ Вольт /3, 7/, которое подается на электрод 4 резонансной линии 3 передачи электрической энергии по лазерному лучу ионизатора 4.Next, the voltage of increased frequency f ₂ ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz from the converter 11 is supplied to the low-voltage primary winding of the transformer 12. Under resonance conditions $$f_2=f_{Res}=2\pi \sqrt{L\cdot C}$$

in the high-voltage secondary winding of the transformer 12 there are high-frequency oscillations with a voltage of up to 7 · 10 ⁶ Volts / 3, 7 /, which is fed to the electrode 4 of the resonant line 3 for transmitting electrical energy through the laser beam of the ionizer 4.

, поглощения составляющих воздушной среды /13, 17, 18/ с плотностью частицAt the same time, the two-frequency ionizing radiation of the ionizer 4 passes between the electrodes 4 and 5. By choosing the beat frequency Δν corresponding to the resonant frequency $$\Delta \nu =\left({\nu }_{\mathrm{one}}-{\nu }_2\right)={\nu }_{Res}^i$$

absorption of air components / 13, 17, 18 / with particle density

n ^beats ≈10 ⁷ ÷ 10 ⁸ cm ^-3

см^-3.and choosing the energy characteristics of the laser radiation from conditions (1 ÷ 5), selective resonant photoionization of these particles in the laser beam 15 occurs and a plasma with a density $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 .

, где $$n_2{}^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

см^-3 / Справочник по системотехнике. Под ред. Р. Макола. Перевод с английского под ред. А.В. Шилейко. М.: «Советское радио». 1970. 688 с./), то из выражений (1÷5) видно, что требуемая энергия лазерного излучения за счет избирательной резонансной ионизации, а не сплошной, как в прототипе / патент РФ 2143775, 27.12.1999 /, уменьшается на несколько порядков. При этом исчезают проблемы / СВЧ-энергетика. Сборник под редакцией Э. Окресса. Перевод под редакцией Шлифера Э.Д. М.: Издательство Мир, 1971, Батенин В.М., Климовский И.И., Лысов Г.В., Троицкий В.Н. СВЧ - генераторы плазмы. Физика. Техника. Применение. М.: Энергоатомиздат. 1988. 224 с., Звонов А.А., Тарасенко В.Ф. Лазерная антенна. RU 2081488, 10.06.1997, Звонов А.А., Ратова Е.А. лазерная электростанция. RU 2076470. 27.03.1997 / блокирования лазерного излучения с частотами ν₁ и ν₂ за счет относительно низкой плотности плазмы $$n_1{}^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

см^-3 на пути его распространения. Согласно / Герман Дж.Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981., Справочник по основам радиолокационной техники. Под редакцией В.В. Дружинина. Воениздат. 1967, 768 с., Хренов К.К. Сварка, резка и пайка металлов. Учебное пособие для техникумов. Киев. «Машиностроительная литература», 1952 / при такой плотности ( $$n_1{}^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

см^-3) плазмы наличие на электродах 4 и 5 переменной разности потенциалов U=(10÷220) кВ / RU 2143775, 27.12.1999 / с резонансной частотой $$f_{рез}=2\pi \sqrt{L\cdot C}$$

при передаче электрической энергии от передающего модуля 1 к приемному модулю 2 приводит к электрическому разряду между электродами 4 и 5 и дополнительной ионизации линии (канала 15) передачи электрической энергии. За счет увеличения плотности плазмы переменный ток в канале 15 (при малых дальностях D передачи электрической энергии) может возрастать до сотен-тысяч Ампер с образованием электрической дуги между электродами 4 и 5. Согласно теории сварки / Справочник по основам радиолокационной техники. Под редакцией В.В. Дружинина. Воениздат. 1967, 768 с., Хренов К.К. Сварка, резка и пайка металлов. Учебное пособие для техникумов. Киев. «Машиностроительная литература», 1952 / время существования токопроводящего канала с таким током ограничено единицами сек. Это объясняется тем, что при достижении силы тока в канале 15 и магнитного поля вокруг него выше предельного допустимого значения / Герман Дж.Р., Гольдберг Р.А. Солнце, погода, климат. - Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981, Звонов А.А., Ратова Е.А. Лазерная электростанция. RU 2076470. 27.03.1997 / под действием силы Лоренца происходит вынос плазмы из канала 15, изгиб электрической дуги D между электродами 4 и 5 и ее удлинение. Изгиб и удлинение электрической дуги D приводит к снижению напряженности электрического поля E_d=U/D в дуге и ее разрыву. Для уменьшения вредного влияния этого эффекта через время T≥τ_рел, где τ_рел - время релаксации плазмы в лазерном луче (канале 15), генерируют очередной пучок лазерных импульсов и процесс поддержания канала 15 передачи энергии в токопроводящем состоянии повторяется.Since the density of ionized particles in beam 15 is much lower than the density of neutral particles ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}<<n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}$$

where $$n_2{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}$$

^cm3 / Reference systems engineering. Ed. R. Makola. Translation from English, ed. A.V. Shileyko. M .: "Soviet Radio". 1970. 688 pp. /), Then from the expressions (1 ÷ 5) it is seen that the required laser energy due to selective resonant ionization, rather than continuous, as in the prototype / RF patent 2143775, 12/27/1999 /, decreases by several orders of magnitude . In this case, the problems disappear / microwave energy. Collection edited by E. Okress. Translation edited by Schlifer E.D. M .: Publishing house Mir, 1971, Batenin V.M., Klimovsky I.I., Lysov G.V., Troitsky V.N. Microwave - plasma generators. Physics. Technics. Application. M .: Energoatomizdat. 1988.222 p., Zvonov A.A., Tarasenko V.F. Laser antenna RU 2081488, 06/10/1997, Zvonov A.A., Ratova E.A. laser power station. RU 2076470. 03/27/1997 / blocking laser radiation with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ due to the relatively low plasma density $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 on the path of its distribution. According / Herman J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. Reference book on the basics of radar technology. Edited by V.V. Druzhinina. Military Publishing. 1967, 768 p., Khrenov K.K. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. Textbook for technical schools. Kiev. "Engineering literature", 1952 / at such a density ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}{}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8$$

cm ^-3 ) of the plasma, the presence on the electrodes 4 and 5 of a variable potential difference U = (10 ÷ 220) kV / RU 2143775, 12/27/1999 / with a resonant frequency $$f_{Res}=2\pi \sqrt{L\cdot C}$$

when transmitting electric energy from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving module 2 leads to an electric discharge between the electrodes 4 and 5 and additional ionization of the line (channel 15) of electric energy transmission. Due to the increase in plasma density, the alternating current in channel 15 (at small transmission distances D of electric energy transmission) can increase up to hundreds of thousands of amperes with the formation of an electric arc between electrodes 4 and 5. According to the theory of welding / Reference book on the basics of radar technology. Edited by V.V. Druzhinina. Military Publishing. 1967, 768 p., Khrenov K.K. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. Textbook for technical schools. Kiev. "Engineering literature", 1952 / the lifetime of a conductive channel with such a current is limited to units of sec. This is due to the fact that when the current strength in channel 15 and the magnetic field around it are above the maximum permissible value / German J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981, Zvonov A.A., Ratova E.A. Laser power station. RU 2076470. 03/27/1997 / under the action of the Lorentz force, the plasma is removed from the channel 15, the electric arc D bends between the electrodes 4 and 5 and its extension. Bending and lengthening of the electric arc D leads to a decrease in the electric field strength E _d = U / D in the arc and its rupture. To reduce the harmful effect of this effect after a time T≥τ _rel , where τ _rel is the plasma relaxation time in the laser beam (channel 15), a next laser pulse beam is generated and the process of maintaining the energy transfer channel 15 in a conductive state is repeated.

At the same time, through the air channel 15 maintained in the current-conducting state, the process of electric energy transmission from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving module 2 occurs with a resonant frequency f _res ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz. The alternating current flowing through channel 15 to the input of module 2 is a capacitive current. The reactive internal resistance of channel 15 does not create losses of active power, which according to / 3 ÷ 7 / provides a high (96-99%) efficiency of energy transfer through channel 15. The electric power transmitted through the conductive channel 15 depends on the power of the electric energy source (transmitting module 1), from the energy of recharging the capacitance of channel 15 and the receiving circuit LC of the receiving module 2 and from the frequency of the cycles of their recharging.

When the length of the conductive air channel 15 hundreds of meters ÷ Unit km plasma relaxation time therein τ _rel = (0.8 ÷ 1.2) with, parameters of the resonant transformer 12 Tesla (capacitance C = (1000 ÷ 2000) pF, the resonance frequency f _res = 30 kHz and the voltage U = 40 kV), the average amount of electric power transmitted to the consumer 2 may be Psr = K (f _res, τ _rel) (CU ² /2)~(5.7÷11.4) MWh.

Moreover, according to (1-5), the required value of laser energy for photoionization of the air channel 15 with a length of D = 1 km with an average cross-sectional area of 1 cm ² compared to the prototype / RU 2143775, 12/27/1999./ reduced by at least 10 orders of magnitude . This dramatically reduces the requirements for the parameters of the laser source 6 of ionizing radiation and simplifies the implementation of laser transmission lines of electrical energy.

In the proposed system, part of the electric energy transmitted through the laser beam 15 is spent on the “ionization” of the air channel in it.

With this in mind, and also taking into account the increased efficiency of semiconductor lasers (30 ÷ 70)%, high efficiency (80 ÷ 90% / KK Hrenov. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. A manual for technical schools. Kiev. "Engineering literature" , 1952 /) the conversion of electric energy into plasma in the "electric arc" there is a proportional decrease in energy losses (compared with the prototype / RU 2143775, 12/27/1999 /) when transmitting electric energy to remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam.

At the same time, the efficiency of electric energy transmission to remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam, depending on weather conditions and the distance (0.1 ÷ 1) km to the consumer, can be about 32 ÷ 54%.

The proposed system can be used for remote (hundreds of meters - units km) wireless power supply of stationary and mobile consumers of electric energy. In the latter case, the transmitting and receiving modules are equipped with appropriate power tracking drives and means of enhanced dielectric protection from high voltage.

Information sources

1. Avramenko S.V. A method of powering electrical devices and a device for its implementation. RU No. 210013, 1997.

2. Power transmission of alternating and direct current. Electrotechnical Handbook, Energoatomizdat, 1988, pp. 337-352.

3. Nicola Tesla. Colorado Springs Notes 1889-1900. Publidhed by Nolit, Beograd, 1978. 437 pp.

4. Strebkov D.S., Nekrasov A.I. Resonant transmission methods of electrical energy. M .: GNU VIESH, 2004 .-- 188 p.

5. Strebkov D.S. Nikola Tesla and the prospects for modern energy. M .: GNU VIESH. 2013, 13 p.

6. Strebkov D.S. Resonant transmission of electrical energy through single-wire waveguide overhead and cable lines. M .: GNU VIESH. 2012, p. 34-35.

7. Strebkov D.S., Avramenko S.V., Nekrasov A.I. Method and device for transmitting electrical energy. RU 2143775, 12/27/1999.

8. Quantum electronics. Ed. M.E. Jabotinsky. M .: “Soviet Encyclopedia”. 1969.446 s.

9. Pestov E.G., Lapshin G.M. Quantum Electronics. M .: Military Publishing House 1972, 331 p.

10. Yamanov D.N. Fundamentals of electrodynamics and radio wave propagation. Part 2. M.: MSTU GA, 2005.100 s.

11. Physical encyclopedia. Ed. A.M. Prokhorova, vol. 5, Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. 81.

12. Handbook of systems engineering. Ed. R. Makola. Translation from English, ed. A.V. Shileyko. M .: "Soviet Radio". 1970.688 s.

13. Herman J.R., Goldberg R.A. The sun, weather, climate. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981.

14. Microwave energy. Collection edited by E. Okress. Translation edited by Schlifer E.D. M .: Mir Publishing House, 1971.

15. Batenin V.M., Klimovsky II, Lysov G.V., Troitsky V.N. Microwave plasma generators. Physics. Technics. Application. M .: Energoatomizdat. 1988.222 s.

16. Poletavkin P.G. Cosmic energy. - M .: Nauka, 1981, p. 103-130.

17. Zvonov A.A., Tarasenko V.F. Laser antenna RU 2081488, 10.06.1997.

18. Zvonov A.A., Ratova E.A. Laser power station. RU 2076470.03.03.1997.

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20. Reference on the basics of radar technology. Edited by V.V. Druzhinina. Military Publishing. 1967, 768 p.

21. Horseradish K.K. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. Textbook for technical schools. Kiev. "Engineering literature", 1952.

22. Bagryansky K.V., Dobrotina Z.A., Khrenov K.K. Theory of welding processes. Kiev. "Graduate School". 1976, 424 p.

23. Handbook of nuclear physics. Translation from English, ed. Acad. L.A. Artsimovich. M .: Fizmatizdat. 1963.632 s.

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Claims (2)

1. A system for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, comprising transmitting and receiving electric energy modules, the collector electrodes of which are mounted coaxially and interconnected by a laser line for resonant transmission of electrical energy containing at least two pulsed lasers for ionizing the atmosphere and creating conductive air channel between the electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, and the transmitting module contains a step-up resonance Tesla transformer, and Receiving module - a Tesla resonance step-down transformer and / or a diode-capacitor unit connected to the corresponding electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, characterized in that the laser line for resonant transmission of electric energy further comprises a laser light information unit, the information unit is installed coaxially with the collector electrode of the transmitting module or in the immediate vicinity of it, the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules are made of refractory, the lasers are spaced in frequency by magnitudes well, corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the lasers are made with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of the potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules, the pulse repetition period of the laser is made no less than the plasma relaxation time in the ionized air channel, and the resonant frequency of the Tesla transmitting and receiving transformers is made a multiple of the laser pulse repetition rate. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory electrodes are made of tungsten and / or graphite.