RU2540164C1 - Method for combat sports selection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: person being tested is presented with a circle, which comprises a mark and a point object movable at a pre-set speed circumferentially, on a video screen. The person being tested watches the moving point object and presses Stop button to stop the point object moving circumferentially at a time when its position is supposed to coincide with the mark. That is followed by calculating a point object and mark non-coincidence error that is a time of delay with a positive sign and a time of lead with a negative sign, and some time later moving the point object circumferentially is re-activated. The person being tested performs the above procedure for a pre-set number of times; that is followed by plotting a variation number of the object and mark non-coincidence errors, calculating a range of the number, and marking a segment limited by the greatest and smallest members of the variation number on a number scale. The selection procedure is based on the position of the segment limited by the greatest and smallest members of the variation number of the point object and mark non-coincidence errors on the number scale, the most shifted into the negative value area, on the number scale, and the smallest range of the point object and mark non-coincidence errors.

EFFECT: method enables providing the more reliable assessment of the speed and precision in physical actions of the person being tested, thereby ensuring the more adequate selection of adolescents for combat sports by instrumental examinations.

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Description

The invention relates to sports medicine and is intended for the selection of adolescents for martial arts.

Modern martial arts require the athlete to quickly perform motor and tactical actions in difficult competitive situations [1]. However, the effectiveness of motor actions, in addition to speed, depends on the accuracy of movements, which is understood as the quality of the motor act, implemented in compliance with a predetermined system of characteristics [2].

The speed of motor actions is characterized by the ability to perform them within a short time [3]. Known methods for selecting adolescents for martial arts for the speed of motor actions by determining the time of the latent period of the motor reaction (reaction time), the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movements per unit of time and the speed of movement derived from these indicators [4].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the accuracy of motor actions.

A known method of selecting young fencers by type of physique [5]. Since anthropometric indicators are almost not amenable to the effects of training, their high stability allows them to be guided by when selecting young athletes and predicting their sports results [6].

However, somatotyping does not completely solve the issues related to selection and orientation in sports, with the solution of questions about the prospects of a particular subject in a particular sport [4].

It is known that in the samples of people with pronounced speed qualities, among others, such a feature as the predominance of excitation over inhibition prevails [7].

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a method for assessing the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person by presenting to the subject a circle on the screen of a video monitor, on which a mark and a point object are placed, characterized in that the point object moves with a given speed around the circle, at the moment of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object with the mark, the test subject stops the movement of the point object in approx. uzhnosti then calculated mismatch error point object and the mark - lag time errors with a positive sign or a negative sign preemption, and after the predetermined time point object motion resumes circumferentially described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and then calculating a total value of the delay error

, $${\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{x}_i}$$

,

where x _i is the ith delay error, ms; n is the number of delays,

and the total value of lead errors

, $${\displaystyle \sum _{j=\mathrm{one}}^k{y}_j}$$

,

where y _j is the j-th lead error, ms; k is the number of lead

an assessment of the relationship between the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system is judged by comparing the total value of the errors of delay and the total value of errors of lead [8].

In this method, the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition is estimated, which allows to evaluate the speed of motor actions, however, their accuracy is not determined.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the reliability of the selection of adolescents for martial arts by determining the speed and accuracy of their motor actions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the test subject is presented with a circle on the screen of the video monitor on which the mark and point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark, the test subject stops the movement of the point object by pressing the Stop button around the circumference, then calculate the error of mismatch of the point object and the label - the time of the delay error with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, after a given time point object motion resumes circumferentially described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and new is that a number of errors build variation mismatch point object and the label number is calculated variation range by the formula [9]:

$$R=t_{\max }-t_{\min },(\mathrm{one})$$

where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms,

mark on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variation series; the ratio of excitation and inhibition is estimated by the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series, the accuracy of motor actions - by the magnitude of the variational range; the selection of adolescents for martial arts is performed according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark, most shifted to the region of negative values, and to a smaller value of the variational range of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark.

The task of the subject, seeking to stop the moving object, precisely combining it with the mark (Fig. 1), is to find a certain amount of anticipation of their motor actions, taking into account the speed of the object, the remaining distance and the speed of its motor actions. Lead errors in the test are an indicator of the prevalence of the excitatory process, delay errors are the predominance of the inhibition process. Exact reactions in the test show individuals with balanced processes of excitation and inhibition [10]. The actions of the test subject in the test correspond to the actions of the martial artist, which makes it possible to evaluate not only the ratio of excitation and inhibition, which makes it possible to assess the speed of motor actions, but also the accuracy of the motor actions of the test person.

To estimate the reaction time to a moving object, the arithmetic mean value of the errors of mismatch between a point object and a label is calculated [11]. However, the assessment of the reaction time to a moving object of a martial artist, calculated as the arithmetic mean value, does not allow to adequately assess the accuracy of his motor actions. When testing the reaction time to a moving object of two subjects, let the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark be obtained:

- for the first subject +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10 ms, presented in figure 2;

- for the second subject +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5 ms, presented in Fig.3.

The arithmetic mean values of the errors in the mismatch between the positions of the point object and the marks of both subjects are equal, but their scattering and variational range are smaller for the second test subject than the first, therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of the second test subject is higher.

To characterize the scattering (deviation) of the error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark, dispersion or standard (standard deviation) deviation can be used. However, both variance and standard deviation are a measure of the deviation of the errors of mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark from their average value, which is an estimate of the mathematical expectation [12]. Therefore, neither the variance nor the standard deviation can serve as an adequate assessment of the accuracy of the subject's motor actions. When testing the reaction time to a moving object of two subjects, let the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label be obtained:

- for the first subject +10, -10, +5, -5, +10, -10, +5, -5, +10, -10 ms, presented in figure 4;

- for the second subject +15, -5, 10, 0, +15, -5, 10, 0, +15, -5 ms, presented in figure 5;

- for the third subject +5, -15, 0, -10, +5, -15, 0, -10, +5, -15 ms, shown in Fig.6.

The standard deviation of the errors in the mismatch between the position of the point object and the label of the subjects is 8.8 ms, and the variational range is 20 ms. However, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark: the first test is symmetrical about point 0 (Fig. 7, a), the second test is shifted to the region of positive values (Fig. 7, b ), in the third subject, in the region of negative values (Fig. 7, c). This indicates that in the first subject the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system are balanced, in the second subject the processes of inhibition prevail, in the third subject the processes of excitation. Consequently, the third subject responds faster to various events that change the situation in martial arts, and, as a result, performs motor actions faster.

Thus, to select adolescents for martial arts, it is necessary to assess the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark, and the value of their variational range.

Figure 1 shows the circle presented to the test subject on the screen of the video monitor, where 1 is the mark, 2 is the point object moving at a given speed around the circle.

Figure 2-6 and Fig.8-10 presents a diagram of the values of the errors of delay and lead of five and three subjects, respectively.

In Fig.7 and Fig.11 shows the location on the numerical axis of the segments bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark, the first three and three second subjects, respectively.

The proposed method for the selection of adolescents for martial arts is as follows.

On the screen of the video monitor, the test subject is presented with a circle on which a mark 1 and a point object 2 are placed, moving at a given speed around the circle (Fig. 1). The subject, observing the movement of the point object 2, at the time of the supposed coincidence of its position with the mark 1 by pressing the "Stop" button, stops the movement of the point object 2 in a circle. Then, the mismatch error of the point object 2 and the mark 1 is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of the point object 2 around the circle is resumed.

The subject performs the described procedure a specified number of times, after which a variational series of errors of mismatch between point object 2 and label 1 is constructed, the variational range of the series is calculated by formula (1), and a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series is marked on the numerical axis.

The selection is performed according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of non-coincidence of point object 2 and label 1, most shifted to the region of negative values, and to a smaller value of the variational error range of non-coincidence of point object 2 and label 1.

Thus, the claimed method of selection of adolescents for martial arts has new properties that determine the receipt of a technical result.

Example 1

Subject U., 10 years old, a student of the Children's Sports School, presented on the screen of a video monitor of a personal computer a circle on which the mark is placed. A circle clockwise moves a point object at a given speed, making one revolution in 2 s (Fig. 1).

The subject, observing the movement of a point object around the circumference, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the point object with the position of the mark, pressed the computer keyboard key "Space", which performs the function of the "Stop" button.

The computer at the moment of pressing the Space key stopped the movement of the point object around the circle, calculated the error of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark, the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with the negative sign, entered the value of the error time with the corresponding sign in the storage device and after 1 s continued to move the point object in a circle.

In accordance with the recommendations of [10], the test subject performed 13 stops of the motion of a point object in the region of the mark position, the first three of which were not taken into account when evaluating the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: -15, -32, 8, -32, -46, -17, -39, -29, -8, 5, which are presented in the form of a diagram on Fig.8.

The largest member of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and the mark is 8 ms, the smallest member of the variational series is minus 46 ms, and the variational range calculated by formula (1) is 54 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of non-coincidence of a point object and a label is shown in Fig. 11, a.

Example 2

Subject Ch., A 9-year-old student of the Children's and Youth Sports School, similarly to subject U., performed a test to estimate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values were obtained that did not match the position of the point object and the label, ms: -12, -36, 15, -11, -9, -11, 18, 25, -18, -20, which are presented in the form of a diagram on Fig.9.

The largest member of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and the mark is 25 ms, the smallest member of the variational series is minus 36 ms, and the variational range calculated by formula (1) is 61 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark is shown in Fig. 11, b.

Example 3

Subject Sh., 9 years old, student of the Children's and Youth Sports School, similarly to subject U., performed a test to estimate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: -13, -9, 12, 26, -6, -8, 33, 45, 50, 65, which are presented in the form of a diagram in Fig. 10, are obtained.

The largest member of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and the mark is 65 ms, the smallest member of the variational series is minus 13 ms, and the variational range calculated by formula (1) is 78 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark is presented in Fig. 11, c.

An analysis of the test results of the testees indicates that the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark is most shifted to the region of negative values for test subject U. Therefore, the speed of his motor actions is higher than that of subjects Ch . and Sh.

The variational range of errors in the discrepancy between a point object and a mark for the subject U is the smallest, therefore, the accuracy of his motor actions is higher than that of the subjects Ch. And Sh.

Based on the results of the analysis of the test results, test subject U. is recommended to practice martial arts.

The proposed selection method was tested on a group of 15 test adolescents 9-10 years old, engaged in sports school. Based on the test results, 6 subjects were recommended martial arts.

Thus, the proposed method allows to evaluate the speed and accuracy of the motor actions of the subject, thereby increasing the reliability of the selection of adolescents for martial arts.

Information sources

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2. Belokopytova Zh., Lavrentieva V., Kozhevnikova L. The content and structure of the program for the development of coordination abilities in girls of 10-13 years engaged in rhythmic gymnastics // Physical Education of Students (Ukraine, Kharkov). - 2010. - No. 3. - C.3-8.

3. Karpenko L.A. Key aspects of successful educational work in rhythmic gymnastics // Physical Culture and Health. - 2007. - No. 4. - S. 45-49.

4. Lip V.P. The basics of recognition of early sports talent: A manual for higher educational institutions of physical education. - M .: Tera-Sport, 2003 .-- 208 p.

5. Kharitonova L.G., Kutsenko Y.A., Gorskaya I.Yu. Selection of fencers taking into account the type of physique at the stage of initial sports specialization // Physical Culture: education, training, training. - 1998. - No. 4. - S. 48-51.

6. Bulgakova N.Zh. Selection and training of young swimmers. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1978. - 152 p.

7. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://soulsick.ru/content/view.

8. Patent 2372032 of the Russian Federation, IPC A61B 5/16. A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person / Rozhentsov VV - No. 2008134939/14; declared 08/26/2008; publ. 11/10/2009.

9. Shalyt A.I. Variational series // Mathematical Encyclopedia. T.1. Ch. ed. THEM. Vinogradov. - M.: Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1977. - S.603.

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Claims (1)

The method of selecting adolescents for martial arts, which consists in the fact that the subject is presented on the video monitor screen with a circle on which the mark and the point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark, the subject is tested by pressing the " Stop ”stops the movement of a point object in a circle, then the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or delays with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of a point object around the circle is resumed, the described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, characterized in that they construct a variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark, and calculate the variational range of the series by the formula:
R = t _max -t _min ,
where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms; mark on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variation series; the ratio of excitation and inhibition is estimated by the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series, the accuracy of motor actions - by the magnitude of the variational range; the selection of adolescents for martial arts is performed according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark, most shifted to the region of negative values, and to a smaller value of the variational range of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark.

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