RU2531972C1 - Method for assessing playing sportsman's physical actions accuracy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to sports medicine and aims at assessing a playing sportsman's physical actions accuracy. A sportsman being tested is presented a circle on a display with a mark and a point object moving at a specified speed round the circle. The sportsman being tested follows the point object travelling and stops it moving round the circle by pressing a Stop button once seeing an assumed matching of the moving point object and the mark. That is followed by calculating a matching error of the point object and the mark - a lag time with a positive sign or a lead time with a negative sign, and proceeding with moving the point object round the circle after some time. The sportsman being tested performs the described procedure for the specified times; a static series of the matching errors of the point object and mark is plotted; a range of the series is calculated, and a segment limited by the greatest and smallest members of the static series is marked on a number line. The physical actions accuracy of the sportsman being tested is assessed by a numerical line position of the segment limited by the greatest and smallest members of the static series of the matching errors of the point object and mark closest to a symmetry of a relatively zero point and the smallest value of the range of the matching errors of the point object and mark.

EFFECT: method enables providing the more reliable assessment characterising the playing sportsman's physical actions accuracy by instrumental measurements.

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Description

The invention relates to sports medicine and is intended to assess the accuracy of the motor actions of an athlete playing sports.

In game sports, the athlete is required to quickly assess competitive situations, make adequate decisions and technical skills when performing motor actions [1]. The effectiveness of motor actions depends on motor capabilities [2], due to the ability to perform motor actions within a short time, called speed, and the accuracy of movements, which is understood as the quality of the motor act, implemented in compliance with a predetermined system of characteristics [3].

Known methods for assessing speed by determining the time of the latent period of the motor reaction, the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movements per unit time and the derivative of these indicators is the speed of movement [4].

A known method for diagnosing motor functions of a person, including recording the trajectories of the joint movement of the eye, head and arm during a test for spasmodic visual stimuli, measuring latent periods, durations, maximum speeds and the number of multiple saccadic movements of the eye, head and arm and comparing them with a reference norm, characterized in that the movement of both eyes is recorded simultaneously, while the difference in latent periods, durations and the number of sets is additionally measured nnyh saccadic eye movements, and the ratio of their maximum speeds, and the obtained characteristics are diagnosed motor function [5].

A known method of recording human movements, consisting in the fact that significant points of the human body are placed elements that are sensitive to changes in their position in space, using sensitive to the signals of these elements means record information received from them and process the recorded information using a computer to obtain data about the nature of human movements, characterized in that at least one three-coordinate microcontroller device for measuring angular deviations, including three an angular velocity sensor, each of which is oriented in the direction of one of three mutually perpendicular axes (X, Y, Z) and record the signals from the outputs of these sensors in the non-volatile memory from which information is then used for subsequent processing [6].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the accuracy of motor actions in game sports.

Closest to the technical essence of the proposed method is a method for assessing the accuracy of the motor actions of a sports athlete in sports, which consists in the fact that the subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object with the mark, the test subject stops the movement of the point object in a circle by pressing the Stop button, then the error of a point object and a mark - the time of a delay error with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign and after a specified time resume the movement of a point object in a circle, repeat the described procedure a specified number of times, determine the maximum absolute value of the error of a point object and a mark, the accuracy of motor the subject’s actions are taken equal to the maximum absolute value of the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark [7].

In this method, the maximum absolute value of the error of discrepancy between a point object and a label is determined, which characterizes the probability of error in a series of motor actions, that is, the probability of technical marriage, however, the accuracy of a series of motor actions is not evaluated.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the reliability of the assessment, characterizing the accuracy of the motor actions of an athlete playing sports.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the test subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and a point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark, the test subject stops the movement of the point object by pressing the Stop button around the circle, then the error of discrepancy between the point object and the label is calculated - the time of the delay error with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign and after a specified time, the movement of a point object in a circle is resumed, the described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and the new one is that they construct a variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark, calculate the variational range of the series according to the formula [8]:

$$R=t_{\max }-t_{\min },\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms; note on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series, the accuracy of the subject’s motor actions is estimated by the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point and less the value of the variational magnitude of the errors of mismatch between a point object and a label.

The task of the subject, seeking to stop the moving object, precisely combining it with the mark (Fig. 1), is to find a certain amount of anticipation of their motor actions, taking into account the speed of the object, the remaining distance and the speed of its motor actions [9]. The actions of the test subject in a similar situation correspond to the actions of the sportsman of the game sports, which makes it possible to assess the correctness of decision-making and the accuracy of the test's motor actions.

To estimate the reaction time to a moving object, the arithmetic mean value of the errors of mismatch of a point object and a label is calculated [10]. However, the evaluation of the reaction time to a moving object of an athlete in playing sports, calculated as the arithmetic mean value, does not adequately assess the accuracy of his motor actions. When testing the reaction time to a moving object of two subjects, let the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark be obtained:

- for the first subject +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10 ms, presented in figure 2;

- for the second subject +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5 ms, presented in Fig.3.

The arithmetic mean values of the errors in the mismatch of the position of the point object and the marks of both subjects are the same, but their variational range and dispersion in the second subject is less than in the first, therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of the second subject is higher.

To characterize the scattering (deviation) of the error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark, dispersion or standard (standard deviation) deviation can be used. However, both variance and standard deviation serve as a measure of the deviation of the errors of mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark from their average value [11]. Therefore, neither the variance nor the standard deviation can serve as an adequate assessment of the accuracy of the subject's motor actions. When testing the reaction time to a moving object of three subjects, let the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark be obtained:

- for the first subject +10, -10, +5, -5, +10, -10, +5, -5, +10, -10 ms, presented in figure 4;

- for the second subject +15, -5, +10.0, +15, -5, +10.0, +15, -5, presented in figure 5;

- for the third subject +5, -15.0, -10, +5, -15.0, -10, +5, -15, presented in Fig.6.

The standard deviation of the errors in the mismatch between the position of the point object and the label of the subjects is 8.8 ms, and the variational range is 20 ms. However, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark is symmetrical in the first test subject relative to point 0 (Fig. 7a), in the second test subject is shifted to the region of positive values (Fig. 7c), in the third subject - in the region of negative values (figb), therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of the first test subject is higher.

Thus, for a reliable assessment of the accuracy of the motor actions of a sports athlete, it is necessary to evaluate the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark, and the value of their variational range.

Figure 1 shows the circle presented to the test subject on the screen of the video monitor, where 1 is the mark, 2 is the point object moving at a given speed around the circle.

Figure 2-6 and Fig.8-11 presents diagrams of the values of the errors of delay and lead of five and four subjects, respectively.

Figures 7 and 12 show the location on the numerical axis of the segments bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark, three and four subjects, respectively.

The proposed method for assessing the accuracy of motor actions of an athlete playing sports is as follows.

On the screen of the video monitor, the test subject is presented with a circle on which a mark 1 and a point object 2 are placed, moving at a given speed around the circle (Fig. 1). The subject, observing the movement of the point object 2, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object 2 with the mark 1 by pressing the Stop button, stops the movement of the point object 2 in a circle. Then, the mismatch error of the point object 2 and the mark 1 is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of the point object 2 around the circle is resumed.

The subject performs the described procedure a specified number of times, after which a variational series of errors of mismatch between point object 2 and label 1 is constructed, the variational range of the series is calculated by formula (1), and a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series is marked on the numerical axis.

The accuracy of the subject’s motor actions is estimated by the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point, and the smaller value of the variational range of errors of mismatch of a point object and mark.

The inventive method allows to increase the reliability of the assessment characterizing the accuracy of the motor actions of an athlete playing sports.

Thus, the inventive method for assessing the accuracy of motor actions of an athlete playing sports has new properties that determine the receipt of a technical result.

Example 1

Subject L., 18 years old, having 2 category in basketball, showed a circle on which a mark was placed on the screen of a video monitor of a personal computer. A circle clockwise moves a point object at a given speed, making one revolution in 2 s (Fig. 1).

The subject, observing the movement of a point object around the circumference, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the point object with the position of the mark, pressed the computer keyboard key "Space", which performs the function of the "Stop" button.

The computer at the moment of pressing the Space key stopped the movement of the point object around the circle, calculated the error of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark, the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with the negative sign, entered the value of the error time with the corresponding sign in the storage device and after 1 s continued to move the point object in a circle.

In accordance with the recommendations of [9], the test subject performed 13 stops of the motion of a point object in the region of the mark position, the first three of which were not taken into account when evaluating the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label in ms were obtained: 3, -23, -10, -14, 10, 18, 6, 3, -5, -4, which are presented in Fig. 8.

The maximum absolute value of the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark is 23 ms, the variational range is 41 ms, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark is shown in Fig. 12a.

Example 2

Subject S., 18 years old, having 2 category in volleyball, similarly to subject L., performed a test to assess the response to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label in ms were obtained: -1, 20, 11, -6, -22, -13, 2, 3, -4, -8, which are presented in Fig. 9.

The maximum absolute value of the error of the mismatch between the point object and the mark is 22 ms, the variational range is 42 ms, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark is shown in Fig. 12b.

Example 3

Subject I., 18 years old, having 2 categories in badminton, similarly to subject L., performed a test to assess the response to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label in ms were obtained: -10, -12, 13, -9, -11, -10, 11, -9, 12, 14, which are presented in Fig. 10.

The maximum absolute value of the error of the mismatch between the point object and the mark is 14 ms, the variation range is 26 ms, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark is shown in Fig. 12c.

Example 4

Subject K., 18 years old, having 2 category in table tennis, similarly to subject L., performed a test to assess the response to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label in ms were obtained: -14, 9, 6, 10, -16, -10, -5, -8, 7, 9, which are presented in Fig. 11.

The maximum absolute value of the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark is 16 ms, the variational range is 26 ms, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark is shown in Fig. 12d.

An analysis of the test results indicates that the variational range of subjects L. (2nd category in basketball) and C. (2nd category in volleyball) is significantly larger than the variational range of subjects I. (2nd category in badminton) and K. (2nd category in table tennis), therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of subjects L. and C. is lower, of subjects I. and K. — higher.

The variation range of subjects L. (2nd category in basketball) and C. (2nd category in volleyball) differ slightly, however, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark in subject S. is more symmetrical with respect to zero point than the subject L., therefore, the accuracy of his motor actions is higher.

The variation range of subjects I. (2nd category in badminton) and K. (2nd category in table tennis) are the same, however, the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark in subject I. is more symmetrical with respect to zero point than the subject K., therefore, the accuracy of his motor actions is higher.

Thus, the proposed method allows to reliably assess the accuracy of the motor actions of an athlete playing sports.

Information sources

1. Radchich I.Yu. Approaches to in-depth individualization and technology for monitoring player training in connection with the problem of Olympic selection // Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. - 2003. - No. 11. - S.16-19.

2. Korenberg VB Sports opportunities and abilities // Theory and practice of physical culture and sports. - 2009. - No. 3. - C.3-9.

3. Belokopytova Zh., Lavrentieva V., Kozhevnikova L. The content and structure of the program for the development of coordination abilities in girls 10-13 years old, engaged in rhythmic gymnastics // Physical Education of Students. - 2010. - No. 3. - C.3-8.

4. Lip V.P. The basics of recognition of early sports talent: A manual for higher educational institutions of physical education. - M: Tera-Sport, 2003 .-- 208 p.

5. Patent 2146494 of the Russian Federation, IPC A61B 5/103, A61B 5/16. A method for the diagnosis of human motor functions and a device for its implementation / Baziyan B.Kh., Dmitriev N.E. - No. 99105342/14; declared 03/24/1999; publ. 03/20/2000.

6. RF patent 2257846, IPC A61B 5/11. A method of recording human movements and a device for its implementation / Moraru E., Nikolaychuk O. - No. 2004113256/14; declared 04/28/2004; publ. 08/10/2005.

7. Patent 2457785 of the Russian Federation, IPC A61B 5/16. A method for assessing the accuracy of motor actions of an athlete playing sports / Zakamsky A.V., Polevshchikov M.M. Rozhentsov V.V. - No. 2011122491/14; declared 06/02/2011; publ. 08/10/2012.

8. Shalyt A.I. Variational series // Mathematical Encyclopedia. T.1. Ch. ed. THEM. Vinogradov. - M.: Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1977. - S.603.

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Claims (1)

A method for assessing the accuracy of motor actions of a sports athlete, which consists in the fact that the test subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and the point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark by pressing the “Stop” button stops the movement of a point object in a circle, then the error of the mismatch between the point object and the mark is calculated — the time of the error of delay with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign and after a specified time resume the movement of a point object in a circle, the described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and the new one is that they construct a variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and mark, calculate the variational range of the series by the formula:
R = t _max -t _min ,
where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms; note on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series, the accuracy of the subject’s motor actions is estimated by the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the mark closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point and less the value of the variational magnitude of the errors of mismatch between a point object and a label.

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