RU2537214C1 - Method of selection to practice competitive sports - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: circle is shown to the subject on the video-monitor screen, on which a label is placed and the point object moving along the circle. On the first stage the period of turnover T of the point object along the circle is set in a sequence equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 seconds. At each period T in time of the supposed matching the position of the moving point object stops the movement of the point object along the circle with the given number of times by pressing the "Stop" button. Then the error of mismatching the point object and the label is calculated - the time of trailing error with a positive sign or anticipation with the negative sign, and after the specified time the motion of the point object along the circle is renewed. For each period T the estimate of the reaction time t of the subject to the moving object is calculated as the arithmetic mean by the formula

where t_i is trailing i-error value or the absolute value of the anticipation error, ms; n is the number of stops of the point object in the label position area. Then the curve of a function t=f(T) is plotted, on the curve the zone of permissible values of reaction time t of the subject to the moving object is marked, corresponding to the value of the response time of the turnover period T of the point object along the circle, equal to 2.0 s. The maximum speed of physical actions of the subject is taken as corresponding to the minimum period T_min of turnover of the point object along the circle, when the value of the reaction time t of the subject to the moving object is in a permissible zone. On the second stage the period T is set equal to T_min, the variation series of mismatch errors of the point object and the label is created - the time of trailing errors with a positive sign or anticipation with a negative sign, the variation range of the series is calculated by the formula R=t_max-t_min, where t_max and t_min is respectively the largest and the smallest members of the variation series, ms, and on the number line the segment is marked, bounded by the largest and the smallest members of the variation series. Selection is carried out based on the smallest value of the zone of permissible values of reaction time t of the subject to the moving object, the smaller turnover period T of the point object along the circle, when the value of the reaction time t of the subject to the moving object which is in the permissible zone, the smaller value of the variation range R of mismatch errors of the point object and the label with the turnover period T_min of the point object along the circle; by location on the number line of the segment bounded by the largest and the smallest members of the variation series of mismatch error of the point object and label with the turnover period T_min of the point object along the circle closest to the symmetry with respect to the zero point.

EFFECT: method enables to set different period of the point object motion along the circle, and to select the teenagers to practice competitive sports by determining the speed and accuracy of physical actions, thereby improving the accuracy of selection.

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Description

The invention relates to sports medicine and is intended for the selection of adolescents for playing sports.

In game sports, the athlete is required to quickly assess competitive situations, make adequate decisions and technical skills when performing motor actions [1]. The effectiveness of motor actions depends on motor capabilities [2], due to the ability to perform motor actions within a short time, called speed [3], and the accuracy of movements, which is understood as the quality of the motor act, implemented in compliance with a predetermined system of characteristics [4].

Known methods for selecting adolescents to engage in game sports by the speed of motor actions by determining the time of the latent period of the motor reaction, the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movements per unit of time and the speed of movement derived from these indicators [5].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the accuracy of motor actions.

A known method of determining the abilities for a sports game of tennis, including forming on the display screen a sequence of visual tests, one of which is determining the reaction time, recording the parameters of physical responses, their statistical processing and determining abilities by comparing the results with a standard, characterized in that present tests whose psychophysiological indicators are adequate to the structure of tennis games using the screen cursor The display determines the parameters characterizing the coordination of movements, reaction time to a moving object, ability to predict the direction of impact, kinesthetic sensitivity, level of claims, concentration of attention, sensorimotor reaction, operational thinking and learning ability, the obtained parameters of each psychophysiological test are converted to normalized units, summarized and determine the ability to play sports in tennis inversely proportional to the amount of units accumulated [6].

The disadvantage of this method is the performance of tests and tasks by controlling the cursor with the "mouse", which leads to the dependence of the results of studies of suitability for playing tennis on the skill of owning the "mouse".

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a selection method for playing sports, which consists in the fact that the subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and point object are placed, the point object moves with a given speed around the circle at the time of the expected coincidence the position of a moving point object with a mark, the test subject, by pressing the Stop button, stops the movement of a point object in a circle, then the point mismatch error is calculated object and marks - the time of delay error with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of a point object around the circle is resumed, the described procedure is repeated a specified number of times, the maximum absolute value of the error of mismatch between a point object and a mark, selection of subjects for playing games are determined sports perform at a lower maximum absolute value of the error of mismatch of a point object and a mark [7].

In this method, the maximum absolute value of the error of discrepancy between a point object and a label is determined, which characterizes the probability of error in a series of motor actions, that is, the probability of technical marriage, however, when selecting teenagers for playing sports, the accuracy of a series of motor actions is not evaluated.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the reliability of the selection of adolescents for playing sports.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the test subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and a point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark, the test subject stops the movement of the point object by pressing the Stop button around the circumference, then calculate the error of mismatch of the point object and the label - the time of the delay error with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, after a given time point object motion resumes circumferentially described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and new is that the first stage of the period T turnover point object circumferentially successively set equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s, for each period T, the estimate of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is calculated as the arithmetic mean value by the formula:

$$t={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{t}_i}/n,(\mathrm{one})$$

where t _i - ie the value of the delay error or the absolute value of the lead error, ms; n is the number of stops of a point object in the region of the position of the label; construct a graph of the function t = f (T), mark on the graph the zone of permissible values of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, corresponding to the value of the reaction time for a period T of revolution of a point object around a circle equal to 2.0 s; the maximum speed of the subject’s motor actions is taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object in a circle at which the value of the reaction time t of the test person to a moving object is in the allowable zone; at the second stage, the period T of the revolution of a point object around a circle is set equal to T _min , a variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label is constructed — the time of delay errors with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, the variational range of the series is calculated by the formula [8]:

$$R=t_{\max }-t_{\min },(2)$$

where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms; mark on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variation series; the selection is performed at a lower value of the zone of permissible values of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, less than the period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object around the circumference, at which the value of the test time t of the test subject to the moving test object is in the allowable zone, smaller than the value of the variational range R of the mismatch of the point object and marks with a period T _{min of a} revolution of a point object around a circle; according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark for a period T _{min of} revolution of a point object in a circle that is closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point.

The task of the subject, seeking to stop the moving object, precisely combining it with the mark (Fig. 1), is to find a certain amount of anticipation of their motor actions, taking into account the speed of the object, the remaining distance and the speed of its motor actions [9]. The actions of the test subject in a similar situation correspond to the actions of the athlete in game sports, which allows to evaluate the speed and accuracy of his motor actions.

To estimate the reaction time to a moving object, the arithmetic mean value of the errors of mismatch of a point object and a label is calculated [10]. However, the evaluation of the reaction time to a moving object of an athlete in playing sports, calculated as the arithmetic mean value, does not adequately assess the accuracy of his motor actions. When testing the reaction time to a moving object of two subjects, the following error values were obtained for the mismatch of the position of the point object and the mark:

- for the first subject +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10, +10, -10 ms, presented in figure 2;

- for the second subject +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5, +5, -5 ms, presented in Fig.3.

The arithmetic mean values of the errors in the mismatch of the position of the point object and the marks of both subjects are the same, but their variational range and dispersion in the second subject is less than in the first, therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of the second subject is higher.

Figure 1 shows the circle presented to the test subject on the screen of the video monitor, where 1 is the mark, 2 is the point object moving at a given speed around the circle.

Figure 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 presents diagrams of the values of the errors of delay and lead of the test subjects, Figures 4, 6 and 8 are graphs of the dependence of the reaction time on a moving object from the period of revolution of the object around the circle, constructed according to the test results of the test subjects; figure 10 - the location on the numerical axis of the segments bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a mark with a minimum period of revolution of a point object around a circle at which the value of the reaction time t of the test subjects to a moving object is in the allowable zone.

The proposed method for selecting adolescents for playing sports is as follows.

On the screen of the video monitor, the test subject is presented with a circle on which a mark 1 and a point object 2 are placed, moving in a circle (Fig. 1). At the first stage, the period T of the revolution of the point object 2 around the circle is set sequentially equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s.

For each period T of a revolution of a point object 2 around the circle at the moment of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object 2 with the label 1, the test subject stops the movement of the point object 2 around the circle a predetermined number of times by pressing the Stop button. Then, the error of the discrepancy between the point object and the label is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of the point object 2 around the circle is resumed.

For each period T, the estimate of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is calculated as the arithmetic mean value according to formula (1). Then, a graph of the function t = f (T) is plotted, the zone of permissible values of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object corresponding to the reaction time value during the period T of the revolution of the point object 2 around the circle equal to 2.0 s is plotted on the graph.

The maximum speed of the subject’s motor actions is taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object in a circle at which the value of the reaction time t of the test person to a moving object is in the allowable zone.

At the second stage, the period T of the revolution of a point object around a circle is set equal to T _min , a variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label is constructed - the time of delay errors with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, the variational range of the series is calculated by formula (2) and noted on the numerical axis segment, bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variation series.

The selection is performed at a lower value of the zone of permissible values of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, less than the period T of the revolution of the point object around the circumference, at which the value of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving test object is in the allowable zone, smaller than the value of the variational amplitude R of the mismatch of the point object and marks with a period T _{min of a} revolution of a point object around a circle; according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark for a period T _{min of} revolution of a point object in a circle that is closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point.

The inventive method allows, by setting a different period of movement of a point object in a circle, to select adolescents for playing sports by determining the speed and accuracy of motor actions, thereby increasing the reliability of the selection.

Thus, the claimed method of selecting adolescents for playing sports has new properties that determine the receipt of a technical result.

Example 1

Subject L., 9 years old, a student of the Youth Sports School, was shown on the screen of a video monitor of a personal computer a circle on which a mark and a point object are placed, moving clockwise around the circle, making one revolution in 2.0 s (Fig. 1).

The subject, observing the movement of a point object around the circumference, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the point object with the position of the mark, pressed the computer keyboard key "Space", which performs the function of the "Stop" button. The computer at the moment of pressing the Space key stopped the movement of a point object around the circle, calculated the error of the mismatch between the position of the point object and the mark — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, entered the value of the error time into the storage device and after 1 s continued the movement of the point object around the circumference.

In accordance with the recommendations of [9], the test subject performed 13 stops of the motion of a point object in the region of the mark position, the first three of which were not taken into account when evaluating the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values were obtained for the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: 24, 13, 6, 17, 15, 17, 26, 13, 15, 15.

The evaluation of the reaction time of the test subject to a moving object, calculated by the formula (1), is 16.1 ms.

In a similar way, subject L. performed a test to estimate the reaction time to a moving object with a period T of a revolution of a point object in a circle equal to 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s. Estimates of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, calculated by the formula (1), are shown in Table 1, the graph of the function t = f (T) is shown in Fig. 4.

Table 1 Period T, s 2.0 1.7 1,5 1.3 1,1 0.9 0.7 Score t, ms 16.1 15,5 13.6 15.1 14.3 16.8 25.1

On the graph of the function t = f (T), a zone Δ = 16.1 ms of permissible values of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object was noted. The maximum speed of the subject’s motor actions, at which their accuracy is maintained, was taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of a point object in a circle equal to 0.93 s, at which the value of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is in the allowable zone.

Then, the period of revolution of the point object around the circle was set to T _min = 0.93 s. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: -22, -26, -8, 23, 25, -16, -4, 24, 9, 4, which are presented in Fig.5. The variational range of a number of errors of mismatch between a point object and a label, calculated by formula (2), is 51 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label with a period T _{min of} revolution of a point object around a circle is shown in Fig. 10, a.

Example 2

Subject B., 9 years old, student of the Children's and Youth Sports School, similarly to subject L., performed a test to estimate the reaction time to a moving object with a period T of revolution of a point object 2 in a circle equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s. Estimates of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, calculated by the formula (1), are shown in table 2, the graph of the function t = f (T) is shown in Fig.6.

table 2 Period T, s 2.0 1.7 1,5 1.3 1,1 0.9 0.7 Score t, ms 32,3 25.3 28,2 25.7 33.9 40.3 42.1

On the graph of the function t = f (T), a zone Δ = 32.3 ms of admissible values of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object was noted. The maximum speed of the test subject’s motor actions, at which their accuracy is maintained, was taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object in a circle equal to 1.15 s, at which the value of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is in the allowable zone.

Then set the period of revolution of a point object in a circle equal to T _min = 1.15 s. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: 31, -32, 29, 43, 7, -55, -19, 24, 37, 32, which are presented in Fig.7. The variational range of a number of errors of mismatch between a point object and a label, calculated by formula (2), is 98 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label at a period T _{min of a} revolution of a point object around a circle is shown in Fig. 10, b.

Example 3

Subject K., 10 years old, student of the Children's and Youth Sports School, similarly to subject L., performed a test to estimate the reaction time to a moving object with a period T of revolution of a point object 2 in a circle equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s. Estimates of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, calculated by the formula (1), are shown in table 3, a graph of the function t = f (T) is shown in Fig. 8.

Table 3 Period T, s 2.0 1.7 1,5 1.3 1,1 0.9 0.7 Score t, ms 49.5 42.8 41.3 51.1 54.6 65,2 69.5

On the graph of the function t = f (T), a zone Δ = 49.5 ms of admissible values of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object was noted. The maximum speed of the subject’s motor actions, at which their accuracy is maintained, was taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of a point object in a circle equal to 1.33 s, at which the value of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is in the allowable zone.

Then set the period of revolution of a point object in a circle equal to T _min = 1.33 s. As a result of testing, the following error values were obtained for the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label, ms: -35, 75, 39, -46, 42, -44, 67, 39, 56, -46, which are presented in Fig. 9. The variational range of a number of errors of mismatch between a point object and a label, calculated by formula (2), is 121 ms. The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label with a period T _{min of} revolution of a point object around a circle is presented in Fig. 10, c.

An analysis of the test results of the testees indicates that the size of the zone of acceptable values of the reaction time t of test L. for a moving object, corresponding to the value of the reaction time for a period of revolution of a point object around a circle equal to 2.0 s, is less than that of test subjects B. and K. Therefore , the accuracy of the motor actions of subject L. is higher than that of subjects B. and K.

The minimum period T of the revolution of a point object in a circle at which the reaction time t of test L. to a moving object is in the allowable zone is less than that of test subjects B. and K. Therefore, the maximum speed of motor actions of test L., at which they remain accuracy higher than in subjects B. and K.

The value of the variational range R of the errors of mismatch between the point object and the label of the test subject L. with a minimum period T of the revolution of the point object around the circle at which the value of its reaction time t to the moving object is in the allowable zone is less than that of the subjects B. and K.

The location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between the point object and the label of test L. with a minimum period T of revolution of the point object in a circle at which the value of the reaction time t of test L. to a moving object is in an acceptable zone, more symmetrically with respect to the zero point than the subjects B. and K. Therefore, the accuracy of the motor actions of test L. with a higher speed of motor actions is higher than the subjects B. and K.

Based on the results of the analysis of the test results, subject L. is recommended to practice martial arts.

The proposed selection method has been tested on a group of 15 subjects, adolescents 9-10 years old, students of children and youth sports school. Based on the test results, 7 subjects were recommended to play sports.

Thus, the claimed method allows to increase the reliability of the selection of adolescents for playing sports by determining the speed and accuracy of motor actions.

Information sources

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2. Korenberg VB Sports opportunities and abilities // Theory and practice of physical culture and sports. - 2009. - No. 3. - C.3-9.

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4. Belokopytova Zh., Lavrentieva V., Kozhevnikova L. Content and structure of the program for the development of coordination abilities in girls of 10-13 years engaged in rhythmic gymnastics // Physical Education of Students (Ukraine, Kharkov). - 2010. - No. 3. - C.3-8.

5. Lip V.P. The basics of recognition of early sports talent: A manual for higher educational institutions of physical education. - M .: Tera-Sport, 2003 .-- 208 p.

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7. Patent 2456921 of the Russian Federation, IPC A61B 5/16. The selection method for playing sports / Zakamsky A.V., Polevshchikov M.M. Rozhentsov V.V. - No. 2011122489/14; declared 06/02/2011; publ. 07/27/2012.

8. Shalyt A.I. Variational series // Mathematical Encyclopedia. T.1. Ch. ed. THEM. Vinogradov. - M.: Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1977. - S.603.

9. Methods and portable equipment for the study of individual psychological differences of a person / N.M. Peysakhov, A.P. Kashin, G.G. Baranov, R.G. Vagapov; Ed. V.M. Shadrina. - Kazan: Publishing house Kazan. University, 1976 .-- 238 p.

10. Patent 2326595 of the Russian Federation, IPC A61B 5/16. A method for assessing the time of human reaction to a moving object / Pesoshin A.V., Petukhov I.V., Rozhentsov V.V. - No. 2326595/14; declared 06/04/2007; publ. 06/20/2008.

Claims (1)

The selection method for playing sports, which consists in the fact that the subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and point object are placed, the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with the mark, the subject is tested by pressing a button “Stop” stops the movement of a point object in a circle, then the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or Denia with a negative sign, and after the predetermined time point object motion resumes circumferentially described procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, characterized in that the first phase period T turnover point object circumferentially successively set equal to 2.0; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9 and 0.7 s, for each period T, the estimate of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object is calculated as the arithmetic mean value by the formula:
$$t={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{t}_i}/n$$

,
where t _i - ie the value of the delay error or the absolute value of the lead error, ms; n is the number of stops of a point object in the region of the position of the label; construct a graph of the function t = f (T), mark on the graph the zone of permissible values of the reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, corresponding to the value of the reaction time for a period T of revolution of a point object around a circle equal to 2.0 s; the maximum speed of the subject’s motor actions is taken corresponding to the minimum period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object in a circle at which the value of the reaction time t of the test person to a moving object is in the allowable zone; at the second stage, the period T of the revolution of a point object around a circle is set equal to T _min , a variational series of errors of mismatch of a point object and a label is constructed - the time of delay errors with a positive sign or lead with a negative sign, the variational range of the series is calculated by the formula:
R = t _max -t _min ,
where t _max and t _min - respectively, the largest and smallest members of the variation series, ms; mark on the numerical axis a segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variation series; the selection is performed at a lower value of the zone of permissible values of the test reaction time t of the test subject to a moving object, less than the period T _{min of the} revolution of the point object around the circumference, at which the value of the test time t of the test subject to the moving test object is in the allowable zone, smaller than the value of the variational range R of the mismatch of the point object and marks with a period T _{min of a} revolution of a point object around a circle; according to the location on the numerical axis of the segment bounded by the largest and smallest members of the variational series of errors of mismatch between a point object and a mark for a period T _{min of} revolution of a point object in a circle that is closest to symmetry with respect to the zero point.

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