RU2372032C1 - Method for estimating excitation and inhibition correlation in human central nervous system (cns) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and medical equipment. A circle that encloses a mark and a point object is presented to the patient being tested. The point object moves round a circle at specified speed. At the moment position of the moving point object is supposed to match with the mark, the patient presses "Stop" button to stop circular motion of the point object. Then a mismatch error of the point object and the mark that is error time of delay with a positive sign or advance with a negative sign is calculated. The circular motion of the point object is recommenced in preset time, the described procedure is performed for preset number of times, then total errors of delay is calculated

where x_i is the i-th error of delay, ms; n is number of delays, and total errors of advance is calculated

where y_j is j-th error of advance, ms; k is number of advances. The estimate of excitation and inhibition correlation of central nervous system is determined by comparing total errors of delay and total errors of advance.

EFFECT: invention extends the range of products to estimate excitation and inhibition correlation in CNS.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine and medical equipment and is intended to assess the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person.

One of the methods for increasing the reliability and effectiveness of a person’s professional activity is the diagnosis and prediction of his functional state. A simple and fairly accurate psychophysiological indicator of a functional state is the reaction time to a moving object [1]. At the same time, the reaction to a moving object is a complex spatio-temporal reflex and is used as a test to determine the level of relationship between the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person [2], which necessitates an accurate assessment of it.

There is a method of estimating the reaction time of a person to a moving object, according to which the subjects are presented with a dial of a conventional arrow stopwatch, one division of which is 0.01 seconds. Subjects using the “Can” command press the button to start the stopwatch and stop it when the arrow reaches the specified division on the dial. 13 measurements are taken, three of which are considered indicative and are not taken into account when estimating the reaction time to a moving object. The indicator of the reaction to a moving object is the average value of delay errors and the average value of lead errors. To estimate the average value of the delay errors, the sum of deviations with a positive sign and the number of errors of this kind are calculated. Dividing the total value of errors by their number gives the desired value. In a similar way, a criterion characterizing the average value of lead errors is calculated.

A comparison of the calculated average values gives an idea of the predominance of the average value of the delay or lead errors, that is, the assessment of the reaction to a moving object [3].

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed method is a method of testing a person’s reaction to a moving object, during which the test subject is presented with a circle on the video monitor’s screen, on which the cursor and the mark “Stop” are placed. To ensure the cursor moves around the circle, the test subject holds the control panel button with the probe pressed. At the moment of the supposed coincidence of the cursor with the mark, the subject presses out the remote control button with the probe. By the number of leading, lagging and accurate reactions, they judge the correlation of the processes of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system, that is, on the assessment of the reaction to a moving object [4].

A disadvantage of the known methods is the low reliability of estimating the reaction time of a person to a moving object, when the number of delay errors is not equal to the number of lead errors, and their values slightly differ from each other, or when the number of delay errors is equal to the number of lead errors, but their values significantly differ from friend. This leads to an unreliable assessment of the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person.

The technical result of the proposed method for assessing the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person is to increase the reliability of the assessment in all cases, the ratio of the numbers of delay errors and lead errors or their values.

, The technical result is achieved by the fact that the test subject is presented on the screen of the video monitor with a circle on which the mark and the point object are placed, and it is new that the point object moves at a given speed around the circle, at the moment of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object with the mark, the test subject by pressing the button " Stop ”stops the movement of a point object in a circle, then the error of mismatch between the point object and the mark is calculated - the time of the delay error with a positive sign or lead negative sign and after a specified time resume the movement of a point object in a circle, repeat the described procedure a specified number of times, and then calculate the total value of delay errors

,

where x _i is the ith delay error, ms;

n is the number of delays,

, and the total value of lead errors

,

where y _j is the j-th lead error, ms;

    k is the number of lead

an assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system is judged by comparing the total value of the errors of delay and the total value of errors of lead.

Figure 1 shows the circle presented to the test subject on the screen of the video monitor, where 1 is the mark, 2 is the point object moving at a given speed around the circle.

Figure 2-8 presents individual diagrams of the values of the errors of delay and lead of 7 subjects.

The proposed method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person is as follows.

, где x_i - i-я ошибка запаздывания, мс; n - число запаздываний, являющееся характеристикой процессов торможения, и суммарное значение ошибок упреждения

,On the screen of the video monitor, the test subject is presented with a circle on which a mark and a point object are placed, moving at a given speed around the circle. The subject, observing the movement of a point object, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object with the mark by pressing the Stop button, stops the movement of the point object in a circle. Then, the error of discrepancy between the point object and the mark is calculated — the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, and after a specified time, the movement of the point object around the circle is resumed. The subject performs the described procedure a specified number of times, after which the total value of the delay errors is calculated

where x _i is the ith delay error, ms; n is the number of delays, which is a characteristic of the braking processes, and the total value of lead errors

,

where y _j is the j-th lead error, ms; k is the number of lead times, which is a characteristic of delay processes.

A comparison of the total value of delay errors and the total value of lead errors gives an estimate of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. Exceeding the total value of lead errors indicates the predominance of excitation processes, exceeding the total value of delay errors indicates a predominance of inhibition processes.

The inventive method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person allows to increase the reliability of the assessment in all cases, the ratio of the numbers of delays and errors of lead or their values. In addition, the estimate obtained allows us to estimate the variability of delay errors and lead errors.

Thus, the inventive method for assessing the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person has new properties that determine the receipt of a positive effect.

Example 1

Subject A., 19 years old, was shown the circle on which the mark was placed on the screen of a video monitor of a personal computer compatible with IBM PC, and a point object moved clockwise around the circle at a given speed. The subject, observing the movement of a point object around the circumference, at the time of the supposed coincidence of the position of the point object with the position of the mark, pressed the computer keyboard key "Space", which performs the function of the "Stop" button. The computer at the moment of pressing the Space key stopped the movement of a point object around the circle, calculated the error of the mismatch between the position of the point object and the mark, the time of the delay error with a positive sign or the lead with a negative sign, entered the value of the error time with the corresponding sign in the storage device and after 1 s continued to move the point object in a circle.

In accordance with the recommendations of [3], the test subject performed 13 stops of the motion of a point object in the region of the mark position, the first three of which were not taken into account when evaluating the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: +9, -17, +17, -24, +19, -14, +17, -11, +19, -26, which are presented in the form of a diagram on figure 2.

The calculation of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject using the proposed method gave the following results:

- total lead error: - 92 ms;

- total delay error: +81 ms.

This indicates a slight predominance of excitation processes over inhibition processes, that is, a state close to their balance.

The calculation of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test person by the method described in [3], gave the following results:

- the average value of lead errors: - 18.4 ms;

- average value of delay errors: +16.2 ms.

A comparison of the calculated mean values of the errors of lead and delay also indicates a slight predominance of the processes of excitation over the processes of inhibition, that is, a state close to their balance.

The calculation of the evaluation of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject using the method described in [4], gave the following results:

- the number of leading reactions: 5;

- the number of lagging reactions: 5.

A comparison of the number of leading and lagging reactions indicates the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject.

The calculation results of the correlation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject according to the proposed and known methods are presented in table 1.

Table 1 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -92 Process balance Total delay error, ms +81 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -18.4 Process balance The average value of delay errors, ms +16.2 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 5 Process balance Number of lagging reactions 5

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods, indicates that the estimates of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject according to the proposed and known methods are the same.

Example 2

Subject B., 20 years old, similar to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: +2, -24, -3, +34, -11, -34, +15, -17, -10, -13, which are presented in the form of a diagram on figure 3.

The results of the calculation of the correlation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of test B. by the proposed and known methods are presented in table 2.

table 2 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -112 The predominance of excitation processes Total delay error, ms +51 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -16.0 Process balance The average value of delay errors, ms +17.0 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 7 The predominance of excitation processes Number of lagging reactions 3

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and the method described in [3] does not coincide and coincides with the assessment by the method described in [4] ].

Example 3

Subject V., 18 years old, similar to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: +6, -32, +9, +3, -33, +4, -21, +4, -35, -8, which are presented in the form of a diagram on figure 4.

The results of the calculation of the correlation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of test V. according to the proposed and known methods are presented in table 3.

Table 3 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -129 The predominance of excitation processes Total delay error, ms +26 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -25.8 The predominance of excitation processes The average value of delay errors, ms +5.2 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 5 Process balance Number of lagging reactions 5

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods, indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and by the method described in [3], coincides and does not coincide with the assessment by the method described in [4 ].

Example 4

Subject M., 20 years old, similar to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the response time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: -8, +19, +6, +4, -5, +2, +7, -14, +15, -6, which are presented in the form of a diagram on figure 5.

The results of the calculation of the correlation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of test M. according to the proposed and known methods are presented in table 4.

Table 4 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -33 The prevalence of braking processes Total delay error, ms +53 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -8.3 Process balance The average value of delay errors, ms +8.8 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions four The prevalence of braking processes Number of lagging reactions 6

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and the method described in [3] does not coincide and coincides with the assessment by the method described in [4] ].

Example 5

Subject T., 20 years old, similarly to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: -13, +28, -7, +25, -17, +19, -3, +8, -18, +14, which are presented in the form of a diagram on Fig.6.

The results of the calculation of the correlation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of test T. by the proposed and known methods are presented in table 5.

Table 5 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -58 The prevalence of braking processes Total delay error, ms +94 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -11.6 The prevalence of braking processes The average value of delay errors, ms +18.8 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 5 Process balance Number of lagging reactions 5

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods, indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and by the method described in [3], coincides and does not coincide with the assessment by the method described in [4 ].

Example 6

Subject L., 18 years old, similarly to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: +9, -29, +11, +4, -32, +12, +6, -25, +9, +3, which are presented in the form of a diagram on Fig.7.

The results of the calculation of the estimates of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of test L. according to the proposed and known methods are presented in table 6.

Table 6 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -86 The predominance of excitation processes Total delay error, ms +54 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -7.7 The predominance of excitation processes The average value of delay errors, ms +18.8 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 3 The prevalence of braking processes Number of lagging reactions 7

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and by the method described in [3], coincide and does not coincide with the assessment by the method described in [4] ].

Example 7

Subject K., 19 years old, similarly to subject A., performed a test to evaluate the reaction time to a moving object. As a result of testing, the following error values of the mismatch of the position of the point object and the label were obtained: -7, +36, -11, -7, -4, +27, -14, -5, +21, -2, which are presented in the form of a diagram on Fig.8.

The results of the calculation of the estimates of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject K. according to the proposed and known methods are presented in table 7.

Table 7 A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the subject Calculation results Evaluation result Proposed method Total lead error, ms -fifty The prevalence of braking processes Total delay error, ms +84 The known method described in [3] The average value of lead errors, ms -7.7 The prevalence of braking processes The average value of delay errors, ms +12.0 The known method described in [4] Number of leading reactions 7 The predominance of excitation processes Number of lagging reactions 3

Analysis of the estimates obtained by the proposed and known methods indicates that the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of the test subject by the proposed method and by the method described in [3], coincide and does not coincide with the assessment by the method described in [4] ].

The proposed method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person allows you to:

- increase the reliability of the assessment in all cases, the ratio of the numbers of delay errors and lead errors or their values;

- give a quantitative assessment that allows you to evaluate its accuracy;

- evaluate the variability of lag errors and lead errors.

The positive effect of the proposed method for assessing the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person is confirmed by the results of an experimental study on a group of 15 subjects.

Thus, the proposed method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person allows to increase the reliability of the assessment and determine its variability, to draw the correct conclusion about the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person.

Information sources

1. Surnina O.E., Lebedeva E.V. Sexual and age-related differences in reaction time to a moving object in children and adults // Human Physiology. - 2001. - T.27, No. 4. - S. 56-60.

2. Karaulova N.I. Possibilities of using the reaction to a moving object in assessing the results of training // Human Physiology. - 1982. - T. 8, No. 4. - S.653-660.

3. Methods and portable equipment for the study of individual psychological differences of a person / N.M. Peysakhov, A. P. Kashin, G. G. Baranov, R. G. Vagapov. Ed. V.M.Shadrina. - Kazan: Publishing house Kazan. University, 1976 .-- 238 p.

4. Maslova O.I., Goryunova A.V., Guryeva M.B. et al. The use of test computer systems in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in school children // Medical Technology. - 2005. - No. 1. - S.7-13.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the ratio of processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system of a person by presenting to the test subject a video monitor with a circle on which a mark and a point object are placed, characterized in that the point object moves at a given speed around the circle at the moment the position of the moving point object coincides with with the label, the test subject stops the movement of the point object around the circle by pressing the Stop button, then the error of the discrepancy between the point object and the mark is calculated - in emya delay errors with a positive sign or a negative sign preemption, and after the predetermined time point object resumes movement along the circumference, the above procedure is repeated a predetermined number of times, and then calculating a total value of the delay error

where x _i is the ith delay error, ms; n is the number of delays, and the total value of lead errors

,
where y _j is the j-th lead error, ms; k is the number of lead times, the assessment of the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system is judged by comparing the total value of the errors of delay and the total value of errors of lead.

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