RU2539634C1 - Method of determining productivity of photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises sampling, determining of leaf area, biometric indices by determining the number and weight of individual organs of the plant on phases of growth and development, recording of accumulation of vegetative mass of the whole plant and seeds during the period of development, the photosynthetic potential. The photosynthetic potential productivity index is calculated by the expression $$PPP=\frac{BP}{PP},$$

where BP is biological seed yield from 1 hectare; PP is photosynthetic potential generated for the whole growing season per 1 hectare of crops.

EFFECT: method enables to determine the amount of accumulation of organic matter in vegetative and reproductive organs.

1 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant physiology, and can be used in breeding for a comparative assessment of the photosynthetic productivity of breeding material, in crop production for assessing the contribution of photosynthetic potential to the accumulation of economically useful part of the crop.

Closest to the claimed is a method for determining the net productivity of photosynthesis (NPF) (A. A. Nichiporovich. Photosynthetic activity of plants in crops: methods and tasks of accounting in connection with the formation of yields. - M .: AN USSR, 1961. - 135 p.) .

NPF shows the specific productivity of the assimilation apparatus, that is, biomass accumulation by a unit of leaf area per unit time, g / (m ² × day) and does not characterize photosynthesis in its pure form, but the daily difference between photosynthesis and respiration of the whole plant per unit area of leaves. This indicator is determined by the formula of Kidd, West and Briggs:

where B ₂ and B ₁ - dry mass of plants at the end and beginning of the reference period from 1 m ² or from 1 ha;

S ₁ and S ₂ - leaf area, m ² / ha;

n is the number of days between definitions.

The leaf area is determined by methods: weight, planimetric, die cutting or calculated. The dry mass of plants - by the gravimetric method by drying in an oven at a temperature of 105 ° C.

The disadvantage of this indicator (NPF) is the low information content, weak or negative correlation with productivity, which does not allow characterizing the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus as an organ producing organic matter and accumulating it in the economically useful part of the crop during photosynthesis. NPF determines only the rate of formation of dry matter of the whole plant per unit leaf surface per unit time.

The aim of the invention is the determination of indicators reflecting the rate and magnitude of the accumulation of organic matter in the vegetative and reproductive organs through the photosynthetic potential (AF) of plants, as a whole during the growing season, and for individual periods.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method for determining the productivity of the photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties, including sampling, determining the leaf area, biometric indicators of plant structure and yield, calculating the productivity of the photosynthetic potential (PFP) is carried out by determining the mass of organic matter formed by the whole plant and accumulated in reproductive organs, per unit of photosynthetic potential, which shows the productivity of the photosynthetic apparatus second and reflects the contribution of the photosynthetic capacity in general and economic utility of the crop.

Known to the authors from the scientific, technical and patent literature, solutions with this set of features were not found.

The inventive method is as follows.

Samples are taken that comprise the most typical plants grown in the field. The leaf area is determined and the photosynthetic potential is calculated according to the method of A.A. Nichiporovich (1961). Biometric indicators are determined (the number of beans and seeds, the biomass of the whole plant, beans, seeds, etc.). The photosynthetic potential productivity is calculated by the formula:

$$PFP=\frac{BP}{FP},\text{(2)}$$

where BP is a biometric indicator (dry weight of the whole plant, reproductive organs in kg / ha, or the number of beans, seeds in pcs.);

AF - photosynthetic potential for the growing season or a single vegetation period of the plant in m ² × days / ha.

Example

The method was carried out in two stages. The first one is taking plant samples, determining the leaf area by the method applicable to the analyzed culture, and calculating the photosynthetic potential index. Biometric analysis of plants (determination of the number and mass of individual plant organs according to the phases of plant growth and development, accounting for the accumulation of the vegetative mass of the whole plant and seeds during the growing season). The second stage is the calculation of the productivity index of photosynthetic potential according to formula 2.

$$PFP=\frac{3060\mathrm{to}g/g\mathrm{but}}{1198ts\mathrm{from}.m^2\times dn./g\mathrm{but}}=2,6\mathrm{to}g\text{on}\text{one}\text{thousand}\text{.ed}\text{.}\text{FP}\text{or}\text{2.6}\text{g}\text{for 1 unit}\text{. FP}$$

where the numerator takes the biological yield of seeds from 1 ha;

the denominator is the photosynthetic potential formed over the entire growing season per 1 ha of sowing.

The study included soybean varieties that differ in leaf shape and location, as well as the duration of the growing season.

Productivity of the photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties Soybean variety Productivity 1 thousand units AF for vegetation seed weight, kg dry matter mass of a plant, kg number of seeds the number of beans Lydia 2.6 5,4 21 10 Harmony 2.2 3.9 19 8 Azure 2.0 4.8 12 6

Evaluation of the productivity of the photosynthetic potential of each of the varieties showed (Fig. 1) that plants differ in the amount of mass accumulation and the number of seeds, and the number of beans formed for each thousand units of AF during the growing season (table). In soybean varieties with a longer vegetation period, the Harmony and Azure productivity of the photosynthetic potential was less than in the early ripening Lydia soybean variety.

Thus, according to the PFP index, which reflects the activity of the formation of organic matter during photosynthesis and the degree of its accumulation in plant organs, one can obtain information on the photosynthetic productivity of soybean plants of various varieties, identify varieties with high photosynthetic potential for inclusion in the breeding process, and identify agricultural practices providing the maximum productivity of photosynthetic potential.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the productivity of the photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties, including sampling, determining the leaf area, biometric indicators by determining the number and mass of individual plant organs by the phases of growth and development, taking into account the accumulation of the vegetative mass of the whole plant and seeds during the development period, photosynthetic potential and calculating the productivity indicator photosynthetic potential by expression

where BP - biological seed yield from 1 ha; AF - photosynthetic potential, formed over the entire growing season on 1 ha of sowing.

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