RU2538579C1 - Device for pneumatic mechanical granulating of man made materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises a receiving hopper 7 transforming into a branch pipe from below, two toroidal chambers 1 and 2 made from resilient material, a mixing chamber, a tank for liquid or vaporous binder. The apparatus comprises an ejector with holes for the liquid binder, an accelerating tube 9 with a helical element 11, the tube is tangentially connected to the upper toroidal chamber 1 located horizontally, having resilient surface and a hole 5 to unload the agglomerate into the lower toroidal chamber 2. The chamber is also set horizontally on a cylindrical part of the hopper in which there is a conical insertion 16 with a cylindrical projection 17 on the side of the agglomerate unloading into the conical part of the hopper. A screw-like spiral 15 is installed in the hopper.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and weight output.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for granulating technogenic materials and can be used in the construction, chemical, energy, agricultural industries for micro granulating technogenic materials (in the woodworking industry, in the production of building materials, pulp and paper waste, etc.).

A known design of a vibrocentrifugal machine for granulating technogenic materials with a low bulk density, including a forming device — press rolls for material preparation, mounted under it and rigidly mounted on a vertical plane frame, three cylindrical rigidly interconnected cylindrical drums for granulating the material, and the frame in its the lower part is fixed to the necks of the eccentric shafts, providing each of the cylindrical drums with a given trajectory of movement, and in the upper part is connected to the sliders of the vertical guides of the support posts (patent No. 2412753, IPC B01J 2/00; publ. February 27, 2011). A disadvantage of the known design is its increased metal consumption and low productivity.

Also known is the design of the vibrojection shotcrete machine, which combines several technological processes: the mixing of powdered materials, their subsequent wetting and the application of the shotcrete mass on the working surfaces. This is achieved by installing an ejector in the form of a sleeve under the vibratory hopper, connected to a coaxially arranged air tube with a nozzle, a receiving chamber passing into the mixing chamber, a diffuser connected to a flexible rubber hose with a nozzle having a water supply hose. The ejector sleeve is made in the form of a Laval nozzle (Construction and road machines No. 5, 1982, p.16, 17).

The disadvantage of this machine is the complexity of its design, the instability of the output parameters and low productivity.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is an ejection machine for mixing and microgranulating technogenic materials, including a hopper with a nozzle, two toroidal chambers arranged vertically, interconnected by an accelerating tube, to which a liquid binder is fed (patent for PM 120374, IPC B01F 13/10) .

The disadvantages of this machine are the bulkiness of the design, the difficulty of supplying the air-material flow from below due to the vertical arrangement of toroidal chambers, insufficient conditions for the uniform distribution of the components of the granulated charge, due to the supply of binder material directly to the first toroidal chamber, and obtaining insufficiently dense granules at the outlet of the apparatus.

With the essential features of the prototype, the following set of essential features of the claimed device coincides: the presence of a receiving hopper, passing below into the pipe, two toroidal chambers made of elastic material, a mixing chamber, a container for a liquid or vaporous binder.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the technological capabilities of the machine (obtaining granular particles with a higher density, the use of technogenic materials with a low bulk density, micro granulation of the composite mixture with the possibility of regeneration of working surfaces from adhering materials) and increasing its efficiency and mass productivity.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device contains an ejector with holes for a liquid binder, an accelerating tube with a spiral element, which is tangentially connected to the upper toroidal chamber located horizontally, having an elastic surface and an opening for unloading agglomerates into the lower toroidal chamber, also located horizontally on the cylindrical part of the hopper, in which a conical insert with a cylindrical protrusion from the discharge side of the sinter into the conical part of the bun is installed kera in which a helical spiral is installed. The taper angle of the insert in the cylindrical part of the hopper is 40-60 °. In the upper part of the device is an exhaust pipe with a conical probe with an expanded part at the entrance to the pipe. The helical spiral in the conical part of the hopper has a pitch of 30-40 mm with a winding angle of 30-50 ° to the horizontal. The lower end of the hopper is cylindrical and lowered by 20-30 mm in a conical tray for unloading the formed granules.

Due to the use of horizontally arranged toroidal chambers in the device, the air-material flow is simplified and it becomes possible to use technogenic materials with a low bulk density. An ejector with holes and a spiral element installed after it allows for uniform distribution of the components of the granulated charge. The receiving hopper with a helical spiral in the conical part, which has a pitch of 30-40 mm with a winding angle of 30-50 ° to the horizontal, is necessary to increase the path of the process and, accordingly, to obtain more dense granules at the outlet of the apparatus. With other numerical values, either a decrease in the density of the obtained granules or a decrease in the mass productivity of the device is possible. A conical insert with a cylindrical protrusion on the discharge side of the agglomerate serves to separate the air flow from the granulated material. The taper angle of the insert is 40-60 ° for the most convenient and efficient location in the hopper.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows the apparatus for micro-granulation of technogenic materials, a General view;

Figure 2 is a top view of a toroidal chamber.

A device for pneumomechanical microregulation of industrial materials contains two toroidal chambers, the upper 1 and lower 2, made of elastic material, mounted on a vertical casing 3, inside which an exhaust pipe 4 is placed. The upper toroidal chamber has an opening 5 in the lower part for moving the pre-compacted granules into lower toroidal chamber for their subsequent compaction. The device is equipped with a hopper 6 with a gate 7 for controlling the flow of material placed above the pipe 8, which, in turn, is tangentially connected to the upper chamber 1. An acceleration tube 9 is built into the pipe 8, made with nozzles 10 for spraying a liquid binder. After the booster tube, a spiral element 11 is installed for swirling the material-air flow and mixing it with a binder.

The lower chamber 2 is located on the cylindrical part of the hopper 12 and has openings 13 for overloading the sinter. A conical insert 14 with a cylindrical protrusion 15 is installed in the hopper, inside of which there is a probe 16 connected to the exhaust pipe 4. Inside the hopper is equipped with a helical spiral 17, which provides conditions for additional compaction and the formation of spherical granules. The lower part of the hopper has a cylindrical shape and partially immersed in a conical tray 18 for unloading (collection) of formed granules.

The proposed device operates as follows.

The air stream moves into the pipe, into which the source material is supplied. Next, the air-material flow enters the booster tube 9, into which, through the holes 10, a liquid binder is injected. Using a spiral element 11, more thorough mixing of the air-material flow with a liquid binder and preliminary compaction of the mixture take place. The flow enters the toroidal chamber 1 tangentially to create centrifugal forces. Through holes 5, the agglomerate is reloaded into the lower toroidal chamber.

In the lower chamber 2, the particles of the microgranules are additionally compacted and enter the cylindrical part of the hopper 12 through the openings 13. In the hopper, the formed microgranulate is poured down by the conical insert 14, and the air released from them, circling the cylindrical insert 15, rises up and leaves the hopper through the probe 16 into the exhaust pipe 4. Next, the micro-granulate enters the conical part of the hopper, where there is a helical spiral 17, which provides conditions for additional compaction and the formation of spherical granules.

The formed and compacted granules fall into the conical tray 18, where they are unloaded from. The micro granulate is sent to the place of subsequent processing, and the air with dust particles is sent to the dust cleaning system.

The proposed device design expands the technological capabilities of the unit: it allows the use of technogenic materials with a low bulk density and various structures, to increase the efficiency of the process of mixing the components and their micro-granulation due to the complicated spatial movement of particles in toroidal chambers, and provides micro granules with the necessary strength characteristics.

Thus, the problem facing the invention is solved.

Claims (5)

1. A device for pneumomechanical granulation of industrial materials, containing a hopper that passes into the nozzle below, two toroidal chambers made of elastic material, a mixing chamber, a container for a liquid or vaporous binder, characterized in that it contains an ejector with openings for a liquid binder a tube with a spiral element, which is tangentially connected to the upper toroidal chamber located horizontally, having an elastic surface and a hole for unloading the agglomerate in the lower toroidal chamber, also located horizontally on the cylindrical part of the hopper, in which a conical insert with a cylindrical protrusion from the discharge side of the agglomerate is installed in the conical part of the hopper, in which a helical spiral is installed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the taper angle of the insert in the cylindrical part of the hopper is 40-60 °. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in its upper part there is an exhaust pipe with a conical probe with an expanded part at the entrance to the pipe. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical spiral in the conical part of the hopper has a pitch of 30-40 mm with a winding angle of 30-50 ° to the horizontal. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the hopper has a cylindrical shape and is lowered by 20-30 mm in a conical tray for unloading the formed granules.

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