RU2538569C1 - Half-pace stair of building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: two-pace stair consists of flights, landings and railings. The railing of adjacent stair flights is made in a vertical plane located in a gap between stair flights; steel plates covering the clear width of the gap between the fights in a plan view are laid on the surface of the flight steps; and limit stops of horizontal movement of a hose line are vertically installed for obstacle-free routing of the hose line throughout the height of the stair.

EFFECT: increase of useful width of stair flights; reduction of steel consumption for manufacture of railing of connected stair flights; increase of durability of structural components of a stair of a building; possibility of design, reconstruction, repair and new manufacture of railings of stair flights with improved operating characteristics as to carrying capacity, stiffness, reduction of instability, which increase safety of people at their emergency evacuation from buildings.

14 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the staircase of a building and can be used for the qualitative improvement of two-flight reinforced concrete stairs.

Known two-flight staircase of the building with the creation of gaps between the flights of stairs and between the handrails of their fences / Architectural structures / ed. prof. A.V. Kuznetsova. Academy of Architecture of the USSR. Cabinet of construction equipment. - M., 1940 .-- 743 p. (“Stairs”, p. 504; 536; 539; 556) / [1].

In the well-known two-flight staircase, the size of the gaps (gaps) between the flight of stairs in plan in the light is taken equal to:

100 ÷ 440 mm (Fig. 219 "Prefabricated two-flight stairs from large reinforced concrete elements"; Fig.-1 - diagram of the stairs); p.539 [1].

The lattice fence of the march is composed of vertical metal racks with the attachment of an inclined handrail to them; in the famous staircase, the handrail is adopted as a simple beam on two supports, which are installed on the corners of the staircase guard (Figures 1 and 2: “Turning the railing of the two-flight staircase”); p. 566 [1].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the well-known two-flight staircase include the fact that with this staircase device it is not possible to seamlessly lay a hose line in the two-flight staircase with gaps between flights less than 75 mm; reduced convenience of dragging hose lines between flights of stairs; clutter with hose lines of walkways and staircases of the building is possible; the complexity of feeding the hose line to the upper floors of the building increases; during long flights of staircase fencing, loss of deformation properties is possible due to large deflections of the handrail from the calculated load, as a result of which an unstable, easily passing into the vibration of the fence (fluctuation) may appear; decrease in the bearing and enclosing ability of a handrail of flights of stairs; a decrease in the required area of staircases due to an increase in the size of gaps (gaps) between staircases; reducing the safety of people during the evacuation of stairs due to the manifestation of the fragility of the staircases; increase the time of evacuation of people from the building as a whole.

The device of a two-flight staircase of a building with the design of gaps between flights of stairs is known / Shereshevsky, I.A. Construction of civil buildings. Textbook / I.A. Shereshevsky. - M .: "Architecture-S", 2005, - 176 p. (p. 54; 57; 58; 148) / [2].

In the known device of a two-flight staircase, the size of the gaps between the flights of stairs is accepted in plan in the light of:

90 ÷ 140 mm (Sheet 4.01 “Stairs from marches and platforms”, plan; p.54) [2].

The lattice fence of the flight of stairs is composed of the upper and lower inclined steel strapping in the form of a strip of strip iron b × h = 30 × 4 mm and vertical posts ⌀10 mm in increments of 150 mm; a curved handrail b × h = 54 × 34 mm made of hardwood is strengthened on the upper strapping of the fence (Sheet 4.04 “Stair flights and platforms for floors with a height of 2.8 m of ribbed structure; u-shaped marches without frieze steps”; section 1-1 ), p. 57 [2].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device for a two-flight staircase include the fact that when using this staircase it is impossible to seamlessly lay a hose line in two flight stairs with gaps between flights less than 75 mm; reduced convenience of dragging hose lines between flights of stairs; the complexity of feeding the hose line to the upper floors of the building increases; during long flights of staircase fencing, loss of deformation properties is possible due to large deflections of the handrail from the calculated load, as a result of which an unstable, easily passing into the vibration of the fence (fluctuation) may appear; decrease in the bearing and enclosing ability of a handrail of flights of stairs; a decrease in the required area of staircases due to an increase in the size of the gaps between staircases; decrease in the safety of people during the evacuation of stairs due to the manifestation of the fragility of the staircase fencing.

The closest technical solution to the invention in terms of all the features is the construction of a two-flight staircase of a building with the design of the gaps between the flights of stairs, 100 mm wide in plan view / Malakhova A.N. Design of reinforced concrete and metal stairs. / A.N. Malakhova, D.V. Morozova, study guide. - M .: DIA, 2008. - 168 p. (P. 5-11; 91-98; 105-107), / [3], - taken as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device of a two-flight staircase of a building adopted as a prototype include the fact that it is impossible to seamlessly lay a hose line in gaps of a width of 75 mm or less between flights of stairs: with gaps of 50 mm or less at the end sections marches, pressure hoses with a diameter of 51 and 66 mm are difficult to pull through, and pressure hoses with a diameter of 77, 89 and 150 mm are stuck in these places; therefore, increases the complexity of supplying a hose line to the upper floors of the building; it is impossible to lay fire lines from sleeves of large diameters; impossible combat deployment of a fire department in the shortest possible time; when securing the handrail of the fencing of the march only at their ends, it reduces the operational qualities of the stairs: its strength, stability and spatial rigidity, the fragility of the fence increases, the safety of emergency evacuation of people decreases; the speed of movement of the human flow and the throughput of the evacuation route are reduced; the time for evacuating people up the stairs of the building is increasing.

The essence of the invention is as follows: the tasks to which the claimed invention is directed, consist in creating a convenient place for unhindered and quick laying of a hose line in a two-flight staircase of the building, as well as the possibility of rational design, reconstruction, repair and manufacturing of again fencing staircases with improvement operational characteristics in terms of bearing capacity, rigidity, reduction of fluctuation, to increase the safety of people during their emergency evacuation from buildings.

The technical result is an increase in the useful width of the flights of stairs, reducing the width of the stairwell and the gap between the flights in plan in the light, reducing the consumption of steel for the manufacture of composite fencing of articulated flights of stairs, reducing the physical wear of the structural elements of the stairs, including tread, the possibility of high-quality repair of a break the edges of the feet and the abrasions of the front surface of the feet along the running line, an increase in the friction force applied at the contact points of the person’s shoes and the stairs March, increased longevity ladder structural elements; the possibility of unhindered laying of the hose line in the stairs between the marches with a gap between them of less than 75 mm; increase the convenience of pulling the hose line between the flights of stairs; non-blocking with the hose lines of the aisles and flights of stairs of the building, finding the most convenient and shortest path to the positions of the shrews, reliable fastening to the supporting or restrictive element of the fence of the hose line, laid at a height; reducing the complexity of supplying a hose line to the upper floors of the building; the possibility of laying fire lines from large diameter hoses; simplification of laying and securing hose lines in height; creation of a reliable support for the movement of people during emergency evacuation; increasing the stability of stair railings; increase in rigidity of a hand-rail of a protection; increasing the rigidity of fastening fences to ascending and descending flights of stairs; increasing the operational properties of the stair railings (strength, stability, spatial rigidity, reducing fluctuation); the perception of additional horizontal and vertical loads on the handrails of fencing marches during the emergency evacuation of people; increasing the safety of the staircase railing in normal conditions and emergency situations; increase the bearing capacity of marches; increase in the speed of movement of the human flow and the capacity of the evacuation route; reducing the time of evacuation of people on the stairs of the building.

The specified technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known device of the two-flight staircase of the building, consisting of staircases, platforms and their trellised fencing, the feature is that the fencing of the ascending and descending staircases is made in a vertical plane located in the gap between the staircases marches; the guard rails of the marches are equipped with bent legs attached to the upper or lateral plane of the flight of stairs; steel plates on an elastic lining are laid on the front surface of the steps of the flight of stairs, covering the width of the gap between the flights of stairs in plan view; the elements restricting the horizontal movement of the hose line are installed vertically to the axis, pass through additional reference points of the fence, creating a place for unhindered laying of the hose line along the height of the stairs.

The clearance between the staircases and the handrails of the fencing of the marches in the light plan is accepted as the minimum of the conditions for placing the racks of the fencing. The useful width of the flights of stairs is increased by decreasing the width of the gap between them by b≈0.5 · z, where z is the clearance between the flights of stairs in plan view, mm.

The beginning of the lower trim of the fencing of the descending flight of stairs is made with the angle of inclination φ = 2 · α, where α is the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs, degrees. The fencing of the ascending and descending flights of stairs is made of a composite, overlapping contact with the end part of the upper trim of the ascending march and the initial inclined part of the lower trim of the fencing of the descending staircase.

The fences of the ascending and descending flights of stairs are made in the same plane vertically apart from each other.

Railings of staircases are installed on the lateral surfaces of adjacent staircases in the gaps between them with a width of less than 15 mm.

On the front surface of the treads and risers of the steps of the staircases, steel plates were laid from rolled broadband plate steel with a thickness of 2-4 mm with a corrugated surface.

The steel plate is performed on one or more steps of the flight of stairs.

The lining for the steel plate of the stairway tread is made of rubber sheet 3 ÷ 4 mm thick.

The steel plate was fastened to the steps of the flight of stairs by six dowel bolts with a diameter of d = 10 ÷ 16 mm with a countersunk head; minimum bolt insertion L _min = 4 · d, mm.

For the additional reference point of the fence, the point of intersection of the steel strip of the guard rail of the fence of the upward march and the bottom of the downward flight of stairs is taken.

In the vicinity of the reference point of the flight of stairs, the supporting element of the fence is installed in a horizontal position.

The element restricting the horizontal movement of the hose line is installed vertically at a distance of 100 ÷ 200 mm from the reference point of the fence.

The lattice fence of the flights of stairs is made of vertical steel racks and an inclined handrail attached to them. The distance between the racks of the fence lattice is 140-160 mm, the height of the staircase fence is 850-900 mm; the load-bearing racks of the fence are sealed into nests hollowed out in steps, or welded to the embedded parts of the flight of stairs.

A strip of strip iron with a thickness of 4–5 mm and a width of 20–40 mm is attached to the top of the steel struts, to which a guard rail is attached.

The supporting element of the stairway guard is made in the form of a piece of hot-rolled reinforcement with a diameter of 10 ÷ 25 mm or in the form of pieces of tape made of plate steel or strip iron with a thickness of 4-10 mm.

The element restricting the horizontal movement of the hose line is made in the form of a piece of round steel with a diameter of 10-40 mm or a piece of steel pipe with a diameter of 45-60 mm.

A pair of installed restrictive elements on the flight of stairs is a limiter for horizontal movement of the hose line in the stairwell.

The causal relationship between the totality of features and the technical result of the work is as follows.

The use of the proposed two-flight staircase of the building provides, firstly, optimal modernization (reconstruction, reinforcement, repair) of the staircase with a qualitative improvement in operational characteristics in terms of bearing capacity, stiffness, and reduction in fluctuation; secondly, identification of a convenient place for unhindered and quick laying and fixing of the hose line in the two-flight staircase of the building; thirdly, improving the safety of people during their forced evacuation from the building.

Optimal modernization of the two-flight staircase with a qualitative improvement in operational characteristics is carried out due to:

- increase in the useful width of the flights of stairs by 50-300 mm due to a decrease in the clearance between the flights in plan in the light;

- increase the durability of the structural elements of the stairs 4-8 times (from 10-20 to 80 years);

- elimination of defects in the structural elements of the stairs in the form of fragments of the edges of the steps, attrition of the upper front surfaces of the steps along the running lines by laying steel plates;

- reduce physical wear of the structural elements of the stairs due to the laying on the surface of the steps of the march of steel plates;

- an increase in the friction force applied to the contact point of a person’s shoe with a ladder step by 1.5 times (f ₁ / f ₂ = 0.62 / 0.42≈1.5, here f ₁ and f ₂ are the static coefficients of friction of shoes metal and stone);

- decrease in the deformability of staircases fences due to the transfer of a simple beam with a span l to a two-span continuous beam with spans l ₁ and l ₂ (when l ₁ = (1/3) · l; l ₂ = (2/3) / l, the deflection of the fence decreases from horizontal load 5 times);

- increase the bearing capacity of the handrail of the staircase fencing when converting a simple beam into a continuous two-span - by bending moment by 3-4 times, by the magnitude of the support reaction to the spacer - 3 times;

- increase the bearing capacity of the guard racks by 1.5 times in bending moment due to the replacement of the rack operation scheme with a clamped lower and articulated upper end to the rack operation scheme with clamped both ends;

- replacing the design option (manufacturing) of the riser-dry pipe with small gaps between the flights of stairs in plan in the light of the option of installing limiters for horizontal movement of the hose line;

- metal savings on the manufacture of stairway fencing elements and limiters for horizontal movement of the hose line.

Identification of a convenient place in the two-flight staircase for unhindered laying of the hose line allows you to:

- laying and securing the hose line with a diameter of 51, 66, 77, 89, 150 mm in a two-flight staircase with a minimum clearance (up to 50 mm);

- determine the shortest path along the stairs to the position of the shrewman (the length of the sleeves laid along the top of the flights of stairs is 2.5–3 times longer than in the gaps between the flights of stairs);

- reliable fastening of the hose line by hose delays to the spacer or restrictive element (for connecting heads of pressure hoses after 10 ÷ 20 m);

- reduce the complexity of supplying a hose line to the upper floors of the building and carry out the combat deployment of the fire department in the shortest possible time; to carry out operational fire fighting and rescue operations.

Improving the safety of people during their forced evacuation from the building due to:

- unimpeded and timely evacuation of people;

- increase the speed of movement of the human flow and the capacity of the evacuation route;

- reduce the time of evacuation of people on the stairs of the building;

- reducing the fluctuation of the handrail of the staircase fencing by reducing the deflection of the handrail from horizontal load by 5 times;

- the possibility of increasing the width of the flights of stairs by reducing the gap between them;

- the use of non-combustible materials for the manufacture of additionally installed struts on the staircases and the horizontal line limiters of the hose line.

The drawings are presented.

Figure 1, 2 and 3 shows the staircase of a building with a two-march staircase of large reinforced concrete elements: a longitudinal section A-A (Fig. 1), transverse sections B-B (Fig. 2) and B-B (Fig. 3) :

1 - ascending flight of stairs; 2 - the fence of the upward march;

3 - descending flight of stairs; 4 - guard downward march;

5 - handrail of the fence; 6 - rack railing; 7 - reference point;

8 - boundaries of the place of application of the hose line; 9 - limiters horizontal movement of the hose line; 10 - the gap between the marches; 11 - steel plates on the steps of the march;

A and B - the length and width of the stairwell, mm; L is the width of the landing, mm; L _m - the length of the projection of the flight of stairs, mm; b - the width of the flight of stairs, mm; Z - the gap between flights of stairs, mm; H _et - floor height of the building, mm; H _n - the distance between the landings, mm; H ₀ - the height of the basement flight, mm.

Figures 4 and 5 show a spacer installed at a reference point, and a diagram of its attachment to the guard rail of the ascending march (Fig. 4) and to the bottom of the descending march of a slab reinforced concrete structure (Fig. 5):

12 - spacer rod; 13 - direct branch struts;

14 - bent branch struts; 15 - welding with a double-sided seam;

16 - steel strip to the handrail tape (4 × 40 × 80 mm);

17 - mortar.

Figure 6 ÷ 11 shows the turns of the fences of the two-flight stairs:

type 1 is a side view (Fig 6); front view (Fig.7);

type 2 is a side view (Fig. 8); front view (Fig.9);

type 3 is a side view (figure 10); front view (11) of the position 1 ÷ 11 (see the description of the figure 1 ÷ 3).

Information confirming the possibility of applying the invention to obtain the above technical result.

Fire-technical inspection of an administrative 6-storey building (floor height H = 4.0 m) found that in 2 out of 4 stairwells, two-flight staircases were laid with gaps of 20 to 100 mm between the marshes in the plan in the light. Staircases are located in the level of floors and between them. Reinforced concrete staircases. The height of the fences is 85-90 cm. The fences are made of steel links welded in the horizontal plane of the marches. The fencing of the upper platform is mounted in special sockets along the edge of the reinforced concrete frieze step or welded to the frieze step. The links of the fences are filled with steel bars. Vertical (bearing) racks of fences 6 are made of steel rectangular - 25 × 32 mm or circular cross-section with a diameter of 25-32 mm. The handrails of the fences 5 are made of hardwood and screwed to a 4 × 40 mm steel strip at the top of the racks of the fencing 6. The horizontal movement of the hose line is installed at the boundaries of the place of laying the hose line in a vertical position in the form of pieces of round steel with a diameter of 12-40 mm or pipe sections with a diameter of 45-60 mm. The length of the restriction element is 200-400 mm, the amount of 24 pcs.

In the areas of the reference points of intersection of the elements of the marches, struts are horizontally installed (steel rods ⌀14-18 mm); length l _p = z + l ₁ + l ₂ = 50 + 40 + 100 = 190 mm with a straight branch l ₁ = 40 mm from one end (fixed to a steel tape 4 × 40 mm) of the handrail of fences and a bent branch of length l ₂ = 100 mm from the other end (fixing to the bottom of the ascending flight of stairs of the slab structure).

Inspection of the existing staircases of the building revealed severe damage to reinforced concrete steps in the form of chips. The project for the modernization of flights of stairs used corrugated steel plates 2 mm thick. The width of the linings is taken equal to the useful width of the flight of stairs. To fix the steel plates, anchor bolts with a diameter of 10 mm, a length of 80 mm, and the Fischer brand SL M-N with countersunk head were used. 3-4 mm thick rubber layers are laid under steel plates. Each pad has 6 pieces of Fischer dowel bolts.

Information sources

1. Architectural structures / ed. prof. A.V. Kuznetsova. Academy of Architecture of the USSR. Cabinet of construction equipment. - M., 1940 .-- 743 p. (“Stairs”, p. 504; 536; 539; 556).

2. Shereshevsky I.A. Construction of civil buildings. Textbook / I.A. Shereshevsky. - M .: "Architecture-S", 2005, - 176 p. (p. 54; 57; 58; 148).

3. Malakhova, A.N. Design of reinforced concrete and metal stairs. / A.N. Malakhova, D.V. Morozova, study guide. - M.: DIA, 2008 .-- 168 p. (p. 5-11; 91-98; 105-107).

Claims (14)

1. Two-flight staircase of the building, consisting of staircases, platforms and trellised fences, characterized in that the fencing of the ascending and descending staircases is made in a vertical plane located in the gap between the staircases; the guard rails of the marches are equipped with bent legs attached to the upper or lateral plane of the flight of stairs; steel plates on an elastic lining are laid on the front surface of the steps of the flight of stairs, covering the width of the gap between the flights of stairs in plan view; the elements restricting the horizontal movement of the hose line are installed vertically to the axis, pass through additional reference points of the fence, creating a place for unhindered laying of the hose line along the height of the stairs. 2. The two-march staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the clearance between the flight of stairs and the handrails of the fencing of the marches in the light plan is accepted as the minimum condition for the placement of racks of fencing. 3. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful width of the flights of stairs is increased by reducing the width of the gap between them by b≈0.5 · z, where z is the clearance between the flights in the plan in the light, mm. 4. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the beginning of the lower trim of the guard of the descending flight of stairs is made with an angle of inclination φ = 2 · α, where α is the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs, degrees. 5. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the fencing of the ascending and descending flights of stairs is made of a composite, overlapping contact by the end part of the upper trim of the ascending march with the initial inclined part of the lower trim of the fencing of the descending staircase. 6. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the fence of the ascending and descending flights of stairs is made in the same plane vertically apart from each other. 7. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the staircase railing is installed on the lateral surfaces of adjacent staircases in the gaps between them with a width of less than 75 mm. 8. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that on the front surface of the treads and risers of the steps of the staircases, steel plates of rolled broadband plate steel 2-4 mm thick with a corrugated surface are laid. 9. Two-flight staircase according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the steel plate is performed on one or more steps of the flight of stairs. 10. The two-march staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining under the steel lining of the tread of the flight of stairs is made of a rubber sheet 3 ÷ 4 mm thick. 11. Two-flight staircase according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the fastening of the steel plate to the steps of the flight of stairs is made by six dowel bolts with a diameter of d = 10 ÷ 16 mm with a countersunk head; minimum bolt insertion L _min = 4 · d, mm. 12. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the point of intersection of the guard rail is the point of intersection of the steel strip of the guard rail of the upward march and the bottom of the downward flight of stairs. 13. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that in the vicinity of the reference point of the staircase guard rail, the guard rail element is installed in a horizontal position. 14. The two-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the element restricting the horizontal movement of the hose line is installed vertically at a distance of 100 ÷ 200 mm from the additional reference point of the fence.

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