RU2535940C1 - Method for preparation of protein fodder product of castor oil plant seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technology for production of fodders for farm animals. The method for preparation of a protein fodder product of pastor oil plant seeds involves adjustable self-heating of raw materials with initial moisture content equal to 15±2% at a temperature of no higher than 30°C, fruits hulling and oil extraction to obtain a protein fodder product in the form of press cake. Adjustable self-heating is performed during 36 hours in a thermostat. Immediately after discharging from the thermostat one performs oil acid number index control. After fruits hulling, seeds are dried; then seed shell is separated from the kernel; oil is extracted from seed kernels.

EFFECT: method allows to manufacture a non-toxic protein product with high protein content, ensure preservation of raw material for its further processing in connection with the technology seasonality as well as reduce energy expenditures.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of feed for farm animals and to technical biochemistry.

The issues of protein nutrition of farm animals are relevant both in our country and abroad, and this necessitates the expansion of feed protein resources for animal husbandry, including through the use of unconventional protein sources for certain groups of farm animals.

Protein seeds of castor oil, potentially being a complete fodder product, contain a number of anti-nutritional and toxic components (ricinin, ricin, allergen), which does not allow using them as a feed additive without preliminary preparation. At the same time, castor oil seeds and oilcake and meal obtained from them after oil extraction are characterized by a high content of protein, rich in essential amino acids, which gives reason to consider them promising raw materials for feed and technical use with an effective method of disposal. In the context of a growing deficit of fodder protein, the development of a universal method of detoxification of castor seed proteins, which allows the production of neutralized meal and meal with high protein value, is of particular relevance.

There are various ways to eliminate the toxic components contained in the proteins of seeds of technical oilseeds of the family Euphorbiaceae - castor oil plant and tunga.

A known method of post-harvest processing of tung fruits, including collecting fruits, storing them in the form of an embankment, which is covered and kept under a layer of heat-insulating material for 90-96 hours to ensure self-heating of the fruits, while the temperature of the fruits inside the embankment is determined every 12 hours and not maintained above 30 ° C by adjusting the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material, the separation of the fruit shell from the seeds, drying of the seeds is carried out for 100-120 minutes at 80 ° C in installations for drying the tea leaf, department s from the seed coat of seed kernels and kernel final drying at a temperature of 80 ° C for 60 minutes to a moisture content of 8% in drying plants for leaf tea.

There is also a method of producing a protein feed product from castor seeds [Pat. RF №2429713], which consists in the fact that freshly harvested castor bean fruit, parts of the fruit (tertiary) and seeds free from fruit shells with an initial moisture content of 15 ± 2% are placed in collars, covered with improvised heat-insulating materials, kept for 2 days, every 12 hours determine the temperature inside the shoulders and maintain it no higher than 30 degrees by adjusting the thickness of the layer of insulating material. Then the fruits are crushed, oil is extracted from the seeds, and the resulting protein product is a feed product. The specified method is adopted as a prototype.

A common disadvantage of the described methods is the need for regular monitoring of temperature and humidity of the process of controlled self-heating of castor beans. In addition, the physicomechanical composition of the harvested fruit mass is variable, which prevents the uniform distribution of heat and moisture in the fruit laid in the shoulders, and hence high-quality detoxification. In addition, seasonal weather conditions during harvesting of castor oil plants do not always allow guaranteed creation of preset temperature and humidity detoxification regimes to obtain the desired result.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain a non-toxic protein product with a high protein content, ensuring the safety of raw materials for further processing in connection with the seasonality of the technology, as well as reducing energy consumption.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of preparing a protein feed product from castor oil seeds, including controlled self-heating of raw materials with an initial humidity of 15 ± 2% at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C, fruit breakdown, oil extraction from seeds to obtain a protein feed product in the form of cake , according to the invention, controlled self-heating is carried out for 36 hours in a thermostat, immediately after unloading from the thermostat, the indicator of the acid number of the oil is monitored, after the fruits collapse with The seeds are dried, then the seed coat is separated from the kernel, and the oil is extracted from the seed kernels.

The inventive method of preparing a protein feed product from castor oil seeds meets the criterion of NOVELTY, since its duration is shorter than in the known methods due to the process of controlled self-heating of raw materials in a thermostat;

obtaining oil is carried out from seed kernels, purified from seed shells, which allows to obtain a feed product with a high protein content at a low ash content.

The use of a thermostat for controlled self-heating of raw materials allows for a short time to establish the necessary parameters for processing fruits and seeds of castor oil. This ensures the stability of the processing conditions, its consistently high quality. Processing of raw materials under mild conditions with an initial humidity of 15 ± 2% and a temperature of no higher than 30 ° C can significantly reduce the degree of protein denaturation, which ensures the quality of the target product.

Collapsing fruits before drying the seeds reduces the drying time and reduce the energy consumption of the process.

Drying the seeds after the fruit collapses makes it possible to give the raw material stability for its further storage without loss of quality, which is important when the raw materials are seasonally processed.

Separation of the seed coat from the seed core allows obtaining a high-protein target product with lower ash content after oil separation compared to that extracted from raw seeds, since the bulk of the minerals of the seed, which determine the ash content, are concentrated in the seed coat.

The data obtained during the experiment show that the duration of controlled self-heating of 36 hours is optimal for maintaining the quality of the extracted oil. The detoxification process, which takes place in a thermostat with moisture-thermal exposure, was controlled by reducing the toxicity of the protein of fat-free basic tissue of seeds (table 1).

Table 1 shows the dependence of the change in the OVC indices and the toxicity of castor seed proteins on the duration of controlled self-heating.

Due to the fact that the primary product of the processing of castor oil seeds is oil, and the self-heating of the fruits initiates the hydrolysis of the storage substances of the seeds, which include lipids, any qualitative changes in the primary product must be strictly controlled. For this reason, it is necessary to control the indicator of the acid number of the oil, the increase of which indicates a deteriorating quality of the product. The control of the acid number of the oil is carried out after unloading the castor beans from the thermostat. After 36 hours of regulated self-heating, it reaches a value acceptable by GOST for medical castor oil.

Table 2 shows the data on the dependence of the qualitative characteristics of castor-seed oil on the conditions of controlled self-heating of fruits.

table 2 Physico-chemical characteristics: Duration mass temperature acidic regulated moisture content masses seed oil number, self-heating, h. in fruits,% fruit, ° C mg KOH / g Source seeds 15.0 twenty 0.85 24 17.3 21 0.93 36 19.1 22 1.09 48 21.9 23 2.20 72 30,2 27 2.60

After 36 hours, the OVC of the seed protein reaches its maximum value, while the acid number of the oil increases within acceptable limits. Exceeding the indicated optimal period of self-heating causes a deterioration in the quality of the oil due to its enzymatic hydrolysis (an ongoing increase in the acid number of the oil indicates this) and an increase in the toxicity of seed proteins due to the accumulation of free fatty acids in them. A self-heating duration of less than 36 hours does not give the desired result in reducing the toxicity of seed proteins.

The technical result is achieved only by combining the described process parameters, which allows to obtain a non-toxic protein product when using castor oil from castor oil seeds as a by-product for use as part of a feed mixture for farm animals or for technical needs.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, as it can be used in any enterprise that processes castor-oil fruits provided it is equipped with the appropriate equipment.

A method of preparing a protein feed product from castor seeds is as follows.

Freshly harvested castor bean fruits and parts of the fruit (terti) with an initial moisture content of 15 ± 2% are placed in a thermostat, in which self-heating is carried out with temperature control. Self-heating is carried out for 36 hours at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C. Immediately after unloading from the thermostat, the acid value of the oil is monitored. Then the fruits collapse, and the seeds are dried. Next, the seminal membrane is separated from the nucleus. From seed kernels, oil and a by-product are obtained, which is a non-toxic, high-protein feed product from castor oil seeds.

The inventive method is illustrated by examples of specific performance.

Example 1. Freshly harvested castor bean fruits with an initial moisture content of 13% are placed in a thermostat, controlled self-heating is carried out, which lasts 24 hours. At the same time, the temperature is maintained at 30 ° C. Immediately after unloading from the thermostat, the acid value of the oil is determined, which is 0.93 mg KOH / g. Next, the fruits collapse, the selected seeds are dried. Then, the seminal membrane is separated from the nucleus. From the seed kernel, oil and a by-product non-toxic protein product with a high OVC are obtained.

Example 2. Freshly harvested castor bean fruit with an initial moisture content of 15% is placed in a thermostat, controlled self-heating is carried out, which lasts 36 hours. At the same time, the temperature is maintained at 30 ° C. Immediately after unloading from the thermostat, the acid value of the oil is determined, which is 1.09 mg KOH / g. Next, the fruits collapse, the selected seeds are dried. Then, the seminal membrane is separated from the nucleus. From the seed kernel, oil and a by-product non-toxic protein product with a high OVC are obtained.

Example 3. Freshly harvested castor bean fruits with an initial moisture content of 17% are placed in a thermostat, controlled self-heating is carried out, which lasts 48 hours. At the same time, the temperature is maintained at 30 ° C. Immediately after discharge from the thermostat, the acid value of the oil is determined, which is 2.20 mg KOH / g. Next, the fruits collapse, the selected seeds are dried. Then, the seminal membrane is separated from the nucleus. An oil and a low-toxic by-product protein product are obtained from the seed core.

The claimed method allows to obtain a non-toxic protein product with a high protein content, to ensure the safety of raw materials for its further processing in connection with the seasonality of technology, as well as reduce energy consumption.

A positive effect in the implementation of the developed method is the integrated use of castor seeds.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing a protein feed product from castor seeds, including controlled self-heating of raw materials with an initial humidity of 15 ± 2% at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C, fruit breakdown, oil extraction to obtain a protein feed product in the form of a cake, characterized in that the controlled self-heating is carried out in for 36 hours in the thermostat, immediately after unloading from the thermostat, the indicator of the acid number of the oil is monitored, after the fruit collapses, the seeds are dried, then the seed coat is separated from core, and the oil extracted from the seed nuclei.