RU2602133C1 - Method of producing nontoxic adhesive compound from palma christi fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biochemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of vegetable protein and biochemistry. Method comprises controlled self-heating of palma Christi fruits for 2 days at 30 °C. Then method comprises separating fruit shells, grinding extracted seeds, degreasing formed mass to produce intermediate non-toxic protein product. Further, method includes treating with alkaline solutions to produce a protein extract which is filtered and centrifuged. Further, from obtained protein extract, proteins are precipitated until complete extraction in isoelectric point of preliminarily obtained from palma Christi fruit shells with a pectin extract. After that, produced pectin-protein precipitate is separated from liquid phase by centrifuging and decantation. Then water is added to achieve required consistency and end product is packed into containers.

EFFECT: technical result achieved using invention consists in improvement of quality of end product, reduction of costs and labour input, minimising risk of production of non-toxic adhesive composition from seed protein and pectin of palma Christi fruit shells.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for processing plant proteins and to technical biochemistry.

A known method of producing an adhesive composition from castor oilseed meal, according to which castor seeds cleaned from fruit shells and weed impurities are separated from the seed shells. Then the seed core with husk content of not more than 2-3% is ground. The pulp is degreased at a solvent temperature of 60 ° C, then the pulp is dried in a Skipin fryer to a moisture content of 5-6% at 70-75 ° C. Final oil recovery is carried out at 60 ° C. Meal, in this case, is steamed under vacuum. Soluble protein fractions are extracted from fat-free, but not dried meal, with a 2% solution of caustic soda and lime water at 50 ° C with continuous stirring using hot steam. An alkaline solution of proteins (concentration of 2-3%) is filtered and neutralized with solutions of hydrochloric, sulfuric or acetic acids, after which the protein precipitates from the solution. Then the protein precipitate is washed several times with water to remove free acid, after which the temperature of the protein with a humidity of 90-95% is brought to 80-85 ° C. After that, the protein is again washed with water from the remaining oil and filtered. Next, the protein is dried to a moisture content of 55-65% with dry warm air (40-45 ° C). Thus obtained vegetable "casein" is wiped on a grater and finally dried with air heated to 35-40 ° C. After drying, the product has the appearance of a grain of brownish tint. The yield of the adhesive composition from castor oil meal is about 40% [Fats. Their receipt and processing. - Reference Guide, Volume I. - L., Pishchepromizdat, 1938 - 680 p.].

The disadvantage of this method is that the resulting vegetable adhesive is toxic, and this makes it unsafe to use. The use of relatively high temperatures at the stage of washing the protein from the residual oil and continuous thermal drying of the finished product impair the adhesive properties of the resulting vegetable adhesive composition. In addition, this technology provides for the cleaning of seeds from seed shells, which requires a lot of labor and energy, as well as the use of special process equipment - a peeling machine, a unit for separating a mixture of seed kernels and seed shells, and an air purifier.

A known method of obtaining a non-toxic adhesive composition from proteins of castor oil seeds, according to which the collected fruits of castor oil plants are subjected to controlled and controlled self-heating for 2 days at 30 ° C, then collapse, and the seeds are crushed without clearing the seed coat, and oil is obtained from them and non-toxic intermediate protein product. Next, the defatted protein of seeds is treated with a 2% solution of caustic soda and lime water at a temperature of 50 ° C with continuous stirring, and the resulting protein extract is filtered and centrifuged. Then, the obtained protein extract is treated with acids, and the resulting protein precipitate is washed twice with water heated to 70 ± 3 ° C. After that, the protein precipitate is separated from the washings, sublimated and ground, resulting in a non-toxic adhesive [Patent No. 2448998 of the Russian Federation: IPC C09J 189/00, decl. 07/20/2010, publ. 04/27/2012, bull. No. 12].

This method is the closest in technical result, therefore, taken as a prototype.

The common disadvantages of these methods is, firstly, that precipitation of soluble forms of proteins requires the use of aggressive acids, the use of which leads to a noticeable decrease in the quality of the resulting product, is associated with characteristic dangers for humans and, in addition, with certain economic costs, and the residual the content of reagents in the intermediate and final products must be strictly controlled and eliminated; in addition, these acids are the so-called "Precursors"; secondly, the target product obtained by using the described technologies, when applied in monoform, without any auxiliary components, does not have sufficient adhesion to the coated surfaces, in comparison with the potential.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain a non-toxic adhesive composition from protein seeds and pectin from the shell of castor beans, improving the quality of the target product, reducing economic and labor costs, minimizing the risk of production.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method for producing a non-toxic adhesive composition from castor beans, including controlled self-heating of castor beans for 2 days at 30 ° C, separation of the fruit coat, grinding the extracted seeds in the seed coat, degreasing the resulting mass to obtain an intermediate non-toxic protein product, which is then treated with alkaline solutions, followed by filtration and centrifugation, according to the invention immediately after centrifuge Generations from the alkaline protein extract precipitate the proteins at the isoelectric point by pectin extract from the castor oil fruit shells until they are completely isolated, after which the obtained pectin-protein precipitate is separated from the liquid phase by centrifugation and decantation, then brought to the desired consistency with water and the target product is Packed.

The reduction of economic and labor costs, minimizing the risk of production contributes to the rejection of the use of hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic acids for the deposition of proteins at the isoelectric point with their replacement with pectin extract to achieve the same goals. To precipitate proteins using pectin extract obtained in a known manner from the fruit shells of castor oil plant [Patent No. 2415608 of the Russian Federation: IPC A23L 1/0524, decl. September 30, 2009, publ. 04/10/2011. Bull. No. 10].

The use of pectin extract proteins at an isoelectric point for precipitation is due to its acidic environment, which is simultaneously determined by the citric acid used to produce it, and pectin itself, whose molecules have a slightly acid reaction in aqueous solutions. At the same time, the initial mixing of pectin and precipitated proteins occurs.

It is not necessary to wash the precipitate obtained after centrifugation and decantation from acid residues, since its amount decreases to a safe level with further dilution of the precipitate of the formed pectin-protein complex with water to form the corresponding consistency of the target product.

Despite the fact that the different polymers are characterized by the delamination of their mixtures in a common solvent, pectin acts as an ionic stabilizer of proteins in colloidal systems: after the association of pectin with protein micelles, the complex formed becomes negatively charged and does not form aggregates that precipitate, since emerging repulsive forces do not allow protein-pectin aggregates to form large particles. This makes the resulting product stable during storage and convenient to use.

The direct reduction in economic and labor costs is also facilitated by the replacement of the washing steps of the resulting precipitate from acid residues, filtering the precipitate and freeze-drying, followed by grinding to the dilution step to the required consistency of the obtained pectin-protein precipitate with packaging and capping into consumer containers.

The method is implemented as follows.

Carry out controlled self-heating of castor bean fruit for 2 days at 30 ° C, after which the fruit shell is separated, the extracted seeds are crushed, the resulting mass is degreased to obtain an intermediate non-toxic protein product, which is then treated with alkaline solutions to obtain a protein extract, followed by filtration and by centrifugation. Then, immediately after centrifugation from the alkaline protein extract, proteins are precipitated at the isoelectric point by pectin extract from the castor oil fruit shells until they are completely isolated. After that, the obtained pectin-protein precipitate is separated from the liquid phase by centrifugation and decantation. Then the water is brought to the required consistency and the target product is packaged in a container.

An example implementation of the proposed method

The collected castor bean fruit is subjected to controlled and controlled self-heating for 2 days, for which the collected fruit with a moisture content of 13 ... 17% is placed in the form of collars, covered with improvised materials, isolating from the environment, and the fruit temperature inside the embankment is determined every 12 hours and maintained it is not higher than 30 ° C by changing the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material, then the seeds are separated from the fruit coat, crushed without cleaning seed shells, and degreased. Next, non-toxic non-toxic seed protein is treated with a 2% aqueous solution of caustic soda and lime water at a temperature of 50 ° C with continuous stirring, and the resulting protein extract is filtered and centrifuged. Immediately after centrifugation, the alkaline protein extract is mixed with pectin extract from castor oil fruit shells in a ratio of 1: 1, thus precipitating the proteins from the solution at the isoelectric point. The completeness of protein isolation is established by control mixing of pectin extract with the resulting supernatant in equal volumes. If further precipitation is detected, the entire volume of the supernatant containing the residual dissolved protein is re-treated with an equal volume of pectin extract. This is repeated until the proteins are completely isolated from the solution. Upon completion of the isolation, the obtained pectin-protein precipitate is separated from the liquid phase by centrifugation and decantation, adjusted with tap water to the required consistency and the target product is Packed in containers.

The technical result is achieved only by combining the described process parameters, which allows to obtain a non-toxic adhesive composition from protein seeds and pectin of fruit shells of castor oil plants.

A positive effect in the implementation of the developed method is to improve the quality of the target product, reduce economic costs, labor costs, minimize the danger of production.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a non-toxic adhesive composition from castor beans, including controlled self-heating of castor beans for 2 days at 30 ° C, separation of the fruit coat, grinding the extracted seeds in the seed coat, degreasing the resulting mass to obtain an intermediate non-toxic protein product, which is then treated with alkaline solutions, followed by filtration and centrifugation, characterized in that immediately after centrifugation, protein is precipitated from the alkaline protein extract at the isoelectric point, pectin extract from castor oil fruit shells until they are completely separated, after which the resulting pectin-protein precipitate is separated from the liquid phase by centrifugation and decantation, then brought to the desired consistency with water and the target product is Packed.