RU2528303C1 - Formwork block for manufacturing solid structures and method of solid wall erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: formwork block for manufacturing of multi-layer solid structures comprises embedded boards and links, transverse reinforcement, and also formwork shields, with edges made as capable of joining with other formwork shields, in which the specified shields are placed in the space between the specified shields and are connected with them (shields) by means of specified links as capable of non-breaking separation of specified shields from the specified links after pouring of fluid material into the specified space and its (material) hardening.

EFFECT: increased strength of a structure.

15 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction and manufacture of multilayer monolithic structures.

BACKGROUND

Blocks of fixed formwork are widely known in which layers of materials having high strength are connected, for example, layers of reinforced concrete and layers of materials with high thermal insulation properties, for example, foam layers.

A known method of erecting a wall using a fixed formwork, including installing on the foundation one or more rows of hollow blocks made by pouring sand concrete mixtures into metal molds, installing reinforcement in channels formed by interconnected voids of blocks with subsequent filling of voids with heat-insulating material (RF patent for the invention No. 2104374 ) A wall constructed in this way consists essentially of three layers: an inner heat-insulating layer and two outer layers of concrete. However, the inner thermal insulation layer is not continuous, because it is interrupted by concrete bridges connecting the concrete layers and creating cold bridges.

A known block for fixed formwork, containing two opposite plates, made of porous heat-insulating material, fastened with plastic jumpers and forming a space for mounting reinforcement and filling with a fluid material capable of hardening, while the upper, lower and side surfaces of the plates have protrusions and corresponding recesses for connection with other blocks, each jumper is made of three parts, and the extreme parts of the jumpers have elongated elements, on walking inside the plates and ending with plates located on the outer surfaces of the plates (US patent No. 6363683). The absence of lining on the slabs of the formwork block, taking into account the low strength of the heat-insulating porous material, does not allow to additionally increase the allowable size of the layer of fluid material filling the space between the plates in one pouring operation, which increases the total pause time required for the filler material to reach the specified strength and leads to increase the timing of the wall.

A known block for fixed formwork, containing two opposite plates, made of porous heat-insulating material, fastened with plastic jumpers and forming a space for mounting reinforcement and filling with a fluid material capable of hardening, while the upper, lower and side surfaces of the plates have protrusions and the corresponding recesses for connection with other blocks, while on the plates from the outside they are coated with a cladding method by partially immersing them in a mold, filled with a flowable material capable of solidification (RF patent for invention No. 2253719). Application of the facing layer block plates to the outside of the plates partially increased the strength and reliability of the block. However, the proposed process of applying the facing layer is labor-intensive and energy-intensive, requires special equipment and large production areas, which contributes to the cost of blocks.

Known block fixed formwork, consisting of internal and external concrete slabs and connecting elements, in which the slabs are connected using plastic ties equipped with eyes for attaching them to the slabs, with each other and with the screeds of adjacent blocks, the slabs contain embedded nuts installed in their manufacture in an amount depending on the number of couplers used in one block into which mounting hooks are screwed, coupled to one of the eyes of the coupler and allowing for smooth adjustment of verticality ki plates by changing the depth of screwing the hooks into the nuts with the possibility of obtaining different wall thicknesses using mounting hooks of different sizes, as well as by sequentially joining several plastic ties with bolted joints, the insulation is installed on the inner side of the outer plate (RF patent for invention No. 2342502) . The disadvantages of the known block are the complexity and complexity of the fastening nodes of one-time heavy concrete slabs with embedded nuts, hooks and ties, which reduce strength, and connecting the blocks together in a row with a wire does not provide sufficient reliability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the complexity of the process of erecting multilayer monolithic structures with lightweight reusable formwork, increasing the strength of both the formwork itself and structures constructed and manufactured using it, with reliable reinforcement, providing specified physicochemical characteristics in and between the layers of the structure.

The technical result consists in the fact that when using jumpers connecting the shuttering boards with a monolithic slab in the manufacture of multilayer monolithic structures containing outer and inner layers made entirely of flowable curable material, due to the fact that these jumpers can be made of the same material from which these layers are made, and the shuttering boards used to form the layers are removable, such uniformity of layers can be achieved that eliminates phenomenon harmful effects caused by uneven coefficients of thermal expansion of materials.

The tasks are solved due to the fact that the formwork block for the manufacture of monolithic structures contains monolithic plates and lintels, transverse reinforcement, as well as formwork panels, with edges made with the possibility of joining with other formwork boards, in which the said plates are placed in the space between the said boards and connected to them (shields) by means of said jumpers with the possibility of non-destructive separation of said shields from said jumpers after pouring a fluid material into omyanutoe space and its (material) solidifies.

Said shields may be made of polymer thermoplastic materials. In one of the preferred forms of execution of the aforementioned panels have a honeycomb section or provided with stiffeners.

Mentioned jumpers can be made of material that fills the interdeck space.

Said jumpers are connected to said shields and plates with glue, preferably with polyurethane glue.

Said transverse reinforcement, protruding into the interdeck space, can be partially monolithic in said plates or inserted into holes made in said plates.

Mentioned transverse reinforcement, protruding into the interdeck space, can be located obliquely in different directions relative to the planes of the plates.

Said reinforcement may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of a composite material, fiberglass, basalt plastic or carbon fiber.

At least one additional plate may be placed between said shields. The mentioned plate and the additional plate can be made of different materials.

The problem is also solved thanks to the use of the above-described block in the method of erecting a monolithic wall, in which the said blocks are joined together, in order, one row above the other, pouring liquid material capable of hardening into the said space between the shields, allow the said material to harden, and separate the said shields from a monolithic wall after hardening.

In one embodiment of the method, when assembling the formwork before pouring said fluid material into said space between the shields, reinforcement or reinforcing mesh is installed.

In yet another embodiment of the method, when assembling the formwork before pouring said fluid material into said space between shields, embedded elements for laying communications are installed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The figure 1 shows a General view of the formwork block assembled in a forming jig, giving it the exact spatial geometry. The block comprises a plate 1 installed between the shields 2, transverse reinforcement 4 with ends partially monolithic in the plate, with ends protruding from the plate, and jumpers 3 that are glued or detachably connected to the shields. Shields are made of grooved perimeter plates.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the assembly of formwork from formwork blocks. Formwork blocks, in accordance with the method, are joined together in a row in sheet piles or connecting butt 6 and corner 7 elements, horizontal reinforcement 5 is laid on block jumpers, then the subsequent rows of blocks are installed similarly in sheet piles of the lower row of blocks, when the required height is reached formwork is inserted into it vertical reinforcement 5, and at the same time installation of embedded elements and laying of utilities is possible. After assembling the formwork as a whole, a fluid material is poured into the space between the boards and the slab, maintained until it hardens and gain strength, and the formwork is removed by removing the formwork panels, while leaving jumpers in the monolith of the fluid material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed formwork block provides for the laying of horizontal and vertical reinforcement, ensuring the integrity of the monolithic layers, and transverse-inclined reinforcement connecting the layers together. With this arrangement of reinforcement and reinforcing elements, the reinforcement acquires a spatial form that can absorb the whole range of loads acting on the structure. This is especially important with a significant difference in the linear expansion of the layer materials and large temperature differences between the layers. Use for the manufacture of reinforcing elements from composite materials having low thermal conductivity will avoid the formation of cold bridges through the plate forming the layer of structures. The use of frameless polymer tongue-and-groove boards in the formwork with a tight connection between each other and the lack of adhesion of the shield material to the material poured into the interdeck space allows not only to achieve a flat outer surface, but also significantly reduce the weight of the formwork boards, and therefore the cost.

Thus, the implementation of the invention will simplify the process of erection and manufacture of multilayer monolithic structures with lightweight frameless polymer formwork panels while increasing the strength and reliability of the connection of layers of various materials in the structure with improving the quality of their surface.

Claims (15)

1. The formwork unit for the manufacture of multilayer monolithic structures, containing monolithic slabs and lintels, transverse reinforcement, as well as formwork panels, with edges made with the possibility of joining with other formwork panels, in which said plates are placed in the space between the said boards and connected to them (shields) by means of said jumpers with the possibility of non-destructive separation of said shields from said jumpers after pouring a fluid material into said space and it ( material) hardening. 2. The block according to claim 1, in which said shields are made of polymer thermoplastic materials. 3. The block according to claim 2, in which said shields have a honeycomb section or are provided with stiffeners. 4. The block according to claim 1, in which the said jumpers are made of a material that fills the interdeck space. 5. The block according to claim 1, in which said jumpers are connected to said shields and plates with glue. 6. The block according to claim 5, in which said jumpers are connected to said shields and plates using polyurethane adhesive. 7. The block according to claim 1, wherein said transverse reinforcement is partially monolithic in said slabs. 8. The block according to claim 1, in which said transverse reinforcement is inserted into holes made in said plates. 9. The block according to claim 1, in which the said transverse reinforcement is positioned obliquely in different directions relative to the planes of the plates. 10. The block according to claim 1, in which said reinforcement is made of a material selected from the group consisting of composite material, fiberglass, basalt plastic or carbon fiber. 11. The block according to claim 1, in which between the said boards placed at least one additional plate. 12. The block according to claim 11, in which said plate and an additional plate are made of different materials. 13. The method of construction of a monolithic wall, which uses blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
join said blocks between themselves, one above the other,
pour into the said space between the shields a fluid material capable of hardening,
allow said material to harden,
the said panels are separated from the monolithic wall after hardening. 14. The method according to item 13, in which prior to pouring said fluid material into said space between shields, longitudinal reinforcement or reinforcing mesh is installed. 15. The method according to item 13, in which prior to pouring the aforementioned fluid material into said space between the shields, embedded elements for laying communications are installed.

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