RU2528009C1 - Rotary device for mowing and chipping of tops of vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: rotary device comprises the vertical rotors, fixed on the frame including the shaft. The shaft is installed in the bearing housing with driving pulleys and disk working members. On the disks the spools with cutting threads are locked. The shaft with the working member is made hollow. Inside the shaft the internal shaft with driving pulley overhead is installed inline in bearing boxes. In the bottom part of the internal shaft the cutting knifes are installed. Knifes have rigidly fixed lifting hooks from the side of the cutting part.

EFFECT: expanded functionality of device.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for mowing and chopping the tops of vegetable crops (potatoes, sugar beets, carrots) before digging them.

There are various devices for harvesting vegetable tops (top-scrubbing apparatus, apparatus with a chain rotor, high-powered apparatus).

At present, KIR-1,5 and UBD-ZA machines [Karpenko AN, Khalansky VM. Agricultural Machines, 1989, p.233]. The KIR-1,5 mower grinder is used for mowing and grinding stalks of corn, sunflower and potato tops. The chopping drum is a tubular shaft on which hammer knives are pivotally mounted along a helical line. The ground mass enters the hopper or is loaded into the vehicle body, and can also be distributed across the field. Disadvantages of the machine: the low quality of grinding the mass and the increase in the load on the crushing apparatus, as a result of which hammers often break, and the dynamic balance of the crusher, the inability to cut and chop the topped tops are violated.

Known topper machines (RU 2034433, MKI A0D 23 / 02.05.10.1995,), including rotary working bodies with a vertical axis of rotation, the working surface of which has a helical shape, a casing for direction and a device for unloading the tops.

A disadvantage of the known topping machine is that during operation there is a spread of tops in front of the machine, resulting in reduced machine performance. The tops, which remain behind the top picking machine, interferes with the flow of the potato harvesting process. In addition, these machines are used only for harvesting potato tops.

As a prototype of the invention, patent No. 2456792 “Rotary device for mowing and grinding grass vegetation” was used (RU 2456792 C1 IPC A01D 33/02; 23).

According to the patent, mowing and grinding of grass vegetation is carried out through the use of a rotor device, which is mounted on the frame of a potato-digger plow vertical rotors, including a shaft mounted in the bearing housing, and a working body fixed on the shaft, a pulley mounted on the upper end of the shaft transmitting rotation from the shaft tractor power take-off using V-belt transmission through a bevel gear, and the working body consists of several rows of hard star discs with high upayuschimi ends which are fixedly mounted on the spool from the spool with the fixing device and wound on them flexible cutting threads. The rows of star discs are rotated relative to the shaft axis by an angle of 30 ... 90 °, which allows to increase the grinding of the tops, and outside the specified values, the grinding of the fractions will be larger, which will reduce the quality of the crushed product and increase the time of decaying the tops. As a flexible cutting thread used steel rope or nylon fishing line of the required thickness. As a fixing device for adjusting the length of the drawn thread from the bobbin, a collet of a locking device located in the coil body is used.

The disadvantages of this device is the ability to cut and chop the tops of vegetable crops that are only in a vertical (standing) position. In this case, the dead tops, which often takes place during the period of mowing tops, remains uncut.

The applicant was tasked to expand the functionality of the known device, and on the basis of it to develop a device for mowing and chopping ligneous tops of vegetable crops.

The problem is solved by the present invention, in which the mowing and grinding of vegetable tops is carried out by using a rotor device, which is mounted on the frame of a potato digger vertical rotors, including a shaft mounted in a bearing housing, and a working body fixed on the shaft, at the upper end of the shaft a pulley is installed that transmits rotation from the tractor power take-off shaft using a V-belt transmission through a bevel gear, and the working body consists of not how many rows of hard star discs with protruding ends on which coils with spools with a locking device and flexible cutting threads wound around them are fixedly mounted. The rows of star discs are rotated relative to the shaft axis by an angle of 30 ... 90 °, which allows to increase the grinding of the tops, and outside the specified values, the grinding of the fractions will be larger, which will reduce the quality of the crushed product and increase the time of decaying the tops. As a flexible cutting thread used steel rope or nylon fishing line of the required thickness. As a fixing device for adjusting the length of the drawn thread from the bobbin, a locking device collet is used, located in the coil body, unlike the prototype, the shaft with drive pulleys and working bodies in the form of disks is hollow, inside of which an internal shaft is installed coaxially in the bearings, at the top of which is installed drive pulley, and in the lower part there are knives with hooks for lifting the tops of vegetable crops and cutting them. To feed the chopped down vegetable tops of vegetables to the cutting threads for grinding, the knives are made of complex geometric shape with an increasing angle of twisting and bending of the knife from the axis of the rotor to the outer end of the knife in the opposite direction to the rotation of the rotor.

The technical result of the application of the proposed device is achieved due to the fact that the rotary device for mowing and chopping the tops of vegetable crops, containing vertical rotors mounted on the frame, including a shaft mounted in the bearing housing with drive pulleys and working bodies in the form of disks with coils fixed to them cutting threads, in contrast to the prototype, for lifting lignified vegetation, feeding it to the working bodies and grinding the shaft with the working body is made hollow, coax is installed inside it but in the bearings the inner shaft with the drive pulley at the top, in the lower part of the inner shaft, cutting knives are installed with lifting hooks rigidly fixed to them from the side of the cutting part.

The cutting knives are made of complex geometric shape, with an increasing twist angle β <37 ° and a knife bend angle α <45 ° from the axis of the rotors to the outer end of the knife, bent in the direction opposite to the rotation of the inner rotor shaft, the distance between the lifting hooks is at least twice the average the width of the base protruding from the soil of vegetable tops.

In addition, the hollow shaft and the inner shaft are installed with the possibility of controlling the rotation speed, and the required rotation speed of the hollow shaft of the rotors is set in the range of 1000-3500 rpm, and the rotation speed of the inner shaft with cutting knives is in the range of 300-1000 rpm.

The proposed technical solution allows, if necessary, to transform the potato-digger plow into a device for mowing and chopping vegetable crop tops, perform several functions, and expand the functionality of the potato-digger plow due to its use for mowing both standing and dead vegetable tops.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general diagram of a rotary device based on a potato digger with drive elements (top view); figure 2 - rotor with elements of the working body; on figa - section A-A.

The device comprises (Fig. 1) a frame 1 of a three-body rotary plow on which two vertical rotors are mounted 2. The rotor 2 (Figs. 1 and 2) consists of a housing 12 (Fig. 2), inside of which a rotating hollow shaft 11 is located on the bearings 20 , on the upper end of which a pulley 4 is installed, and in the lower part of the shaft there is a removable working body 13 for mowing and chopping the tops of vegetable crops. The removable working body 13 consists of several rows of hard disks 18 on which coils 17 are fixedly mounted with spools and flexible cutting threads 16 (nylon fishing line or metal cable) wound around them. The rows of discs 18, on which the coils are rotated relative to the axis of the shaft with respect to each other at an angle of 30 ... 90 °. Inside the coil 17 there is a spool with flexible cutting threads wound on it 16. To regulate the length of the drawn thread from the spool, a collet of a locking device located in the spool is installed. Inside the hollow outer shaft 11, an inner shaft 19 is installed, mounted in bearings 21, a pulley 3 is installed at the upper end of the shaft, and cutting knives 15 with lifting hooks 14 are installed at the lower end of the inner shaft 19 for lifting the vegetable tops and cutting them.

The working body 13 and cutting knives 15 with lifting hooks 14 receive rotation from the tractor power take-off shaft through the driveshaft 10 (Fig. 1), gearbox 9, driving pulleys 7 and 8 and V-belt drives 5 and 6. At the same time, the working body 13 (Fig. .2) receives rotation through pulleys 4 and 8 (FIG. 1) and V-belt drive 5, and cutting knives 15 (FIG. 2) through pulleys 3 and 7 (FIG. 1) and V-belt transmission 6. Into rotor 2 (FIG. 1 and 2) includes 3 sets of interchangeable pulleys 3, 4, 7 and 8 (Figure 1), which allow you to adjust the speed of the working body 13 (Figure 2) and the cutting knife 15 within the limits specified in the description.

The proposed rotary device for removing chopping tops of vegetable crops has the following technical characteristics. The working width, with the row spacing B = 70 cm, is 140 cm, the rotor height is 550 mm, the diameter of the cutting element is nylon fishing line 3 ... 4 mm, the steel rope is 2 ... 3 mm, the method of connecting the device to the tractor is mounted. The rotor drive is mechanical from the tractor power take-off shaft.

The device operates as follows. For the purpose of mowing tops, the potato-digger plow is transformed, for which the passive and active working bodies are removed, and the proposed rotor 2 is installed in place of the first and third active working bodies (Fig. 1). The revolutions of the cutting elements and rotating knives are regulated using interchangeable pulleys 3, 4, 7 and 8. The working body 13 (Figure 2) is cutting the tops of vegetable crops, while pieces of chopped tops, falling down, fall under the rotation of the downstream cutting threads 16. As a result of the action of centrifugal forces, the cut pieces will have a random movement in space, and the splitting of the stems of the mass will have both transverse and longitudinal directions, which makes it possible not only to cut the tops and turn it into mulch (that is, to grind it strongly), but also distributed over the surface of the field, which contributes to the enrichment of the soil. To cut the tops of vegetable crops directly from the surface of the field, as well as to raise the laid tops and feed them up to grind, cutting knives 15 (Fig. 2) of complex geometric shape equipped with hooks to raise the laid tops 14, with an increasing twist angle β and bend, are installed knife α from the axis of the rotor to the outer end of the knife in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor ω.

The calculations established that at angles β> 37 ° and α> 45 °, the plant mass will be thrown away from the cutting elements and high-quality grinding of the vegetation will not be ensured.

Experimental data show that when the distance between the lifting hooks is less than twice the average statistical width of the base of the stems of grassy vegetation protruding from the soil, the stems between the hooks become clogged and the knife loses its working capacity.

The rotational speed of the working body 13 for grinding vegetable tops and the rotational speed of the cutting knife 15 are selected from the experimental data obtained as a result of our research. At low frequencies, the working capacity of the working bodies is lost, and at high speeds the mass is scattered over a greater distance, which is unacceptable in accordance with safety requirements.

The rotational speed of the working body for chopping the tops of vegetable crops is regulated in the range from 1000 to 3500 rpm, and the rotational speed of the cutting knife is in the range of 300 ... 1000 rpm using interchangeable pulleys depending on the size and weight of the tops of harvested crops.

After mowing and chopping the tops, the device is transformed into a potato digger and harvesting potatoes or other vegetable crops.

Testing a prototype of the device showed its successful operation as a potato digger plow and a rotary device for chopping and mowing tops of vegetable crops. The following technical results were obtained: the energy and metal consumption of the machine decreased, its cost decreased, productivity and completeness of mowing tops increased. In addition, the quality of the harvested product and the enrichment of the soil have improved due to the effective grinding of the tops of vegetable crops and its transition into humus.

The invention is especially necessary for farms, as it allows to reduce the fleet of vehicles in the farm.

Claims (3)

1. A rotary device for mowing and chopping vegetable tops, containing vertical rotors mounted on the frame, including a shaft mounted in a bearing housing, with drive pulleys and working bodies in the form of disks, with reels fixed to them, with cutting threads, characterized in that for lifting the dead tops of vegetables, its feeding to the working bodies and grinding, the shaft with the working body is hollow, inside of it is mounted coaxially in bearings the inner shaft with the drive pulley at the top, in the lower part of the inner of the shaft, cutting knives are installed with lifting hooks rigidly fixed to them from the cutting side. 2. The rotor device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting knives are made of complex geometric shape with an increasing twist angle β <37 ° and a knife bend α <45 ° from the axis of the rotor to the outer end of the knife, curved in the opposite direction to the rotation of the inner shaft rotor, the distance between the lifting hooks is not less than twice the average statistical width of the base of the vegetable stalk tops protruding from the soil. 3. The rotary device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow shaft with a working body and the inner shaft with a knife are mounted with the possibility of controlling the rotation speed, and the required speed of rotation of the hollow shaft is set within 1000 ÷ 3500 rpm, and the speed of rotation of the internal shaft - within 300 ÷ 1000 rpm

Images