RU2526137C2 - Oil-and-gas pipe coupling and method of its assembly, strap, coupling guide-support ring and device for its assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil-and-gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pipeline transportation and can be used in couplings of pipelines laid in protective jacket. Proposed coupling comprises protective jacket, stalk, vent system and diagnostics system. Pipeline is laid in said jacket at bearing guide rings. Said rings are made of glass-fibre interchangeable segments connected to semi-ring and to ring on pipeline and secured thereat by rubber gaskets and wedge-like retainers with opposite herring-bone teeth made at their side surfaces. Vent system consists of two vertical and one horizontal air ducts communicated via tube space to be sealed on both sides by unmoulded rubber collars secured by straps. Collars have crimp with inlet and outlet for FP protective jacket. Strap consists of squeezing element made of round metal rolled stock, thrusts with holes and metal strip welded in place from thrust to thrust. Diagnostics system consists of fibre-optics transducers, control FO and all-weather cabin arranged at ground surface.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

6 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the gas and oil industry and can be used for transitions of gas and oil pipelines with a diameter of 57-1420 mm, laid in a protective casing with a diameter of 114-1720 mm under roads, engineering structures, water barriers, in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and eternal permafrost.

When laying a gas and oil pipeline in (hereinafter the pipeline) cross-country terrain on the way, roads, engineering structures, rivers, swamps, permafrost are encountered. At the intersection, under obstacles, the pipeline is laid on the support rings in the casing. The end parts of the annular space of the pipeline and the casing are sealed with rubber cuffs for further operation for more than 30 years.

When seasonal temperatures and the temperature of the pumped product (gas, oil) are changed, as well as in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost, the pipeline moves in both linear and transverse directions, the seal of the annulus of the transition is violated from -for stretching and sliding of the rubber cuff from the casing, because one of the main disadvantages of the transition is the insufficient length of the cuffs of the cuff. Ground water together with a solution of various salts penetrate into the open annular space between the sealing rubber cuff and the casing, which is one of the main sources of moisture in the annulus of the transition.

Known technical solutions: detachable sealing non-rubber rubber cuffs, without corrugation, without bends for protective pipes of communication cables, protected by RF patents 2206003 IPC F16J 15/32 B29C 65/48, 65/56, 2206004 IPC F16Y 15/32 B29C 53/50, and without corrugation with bends for protective pipes of communication cables, protected by patents of the Russian Federation 2261388 and RF 2285854 IPC F16L 3/00, the latter is taken as a prototype.

A significant drawback of the non-molded rubber cuffs described in these patents is the absence of a corrugation kit and a branch for laying the protective pipes of communication cables in the annulus of the transition in one rubber cuff. In view of the fact that the cuffs with a diameter of 426 to 1720 mm are large in size, it is very difficult, expensive and almost impossible to make them in a mold with corrugations and bends from one or more. In this regard, a technology has been developed where assembly and vulcanization are carried out on three mandrels at the same time, one of which is the main one, copying the cylindrical sections of the cuff and connecting them with the conical section, the second mandrel, copying the corrugation of the cuff, rigidly fixed to the conical section of the mandrel, and the third mandrel is removable, copy tap for the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable. The cuff is assembled by applying crude rubber to the mandrel, followed by vulcanization of the assembled non-rubber rubber cuff (not shown in the figures).

The annular space of the transition between the casing and the pipeline, upon completion of installation, is sealed on both sides of the transition from rubber water cuffs getting into the groundwater by securing them with tie clamps on the pipeline and the casing.

Known technical solutions, RF patent 2381408, where the crimp element of the clamp-tie is made of a steel cable, which, when attaching the cuff, is stretched. The technical solution according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2407941 is also known, where also the crimping element is made of a cable.

A technical solution is known "Clamp for attaching a rubber sleeve to the transition pipeline", RF patent No. 2229652 IPC 7 F16L 33/08, 33/02, adopted as a prototype, where the crimping element is made of annealed round steel, and having significant disadvantages. When the rubber sleeve is attached to the transition pipe, the crimp element also stretches due to its large length and breaks, or stretches, becomes thinner and cuts the rubber sleeve at the compression points.

In addition, between the bolt joints of the end parts of the screed clamp, the rubber sleeve is not adequately sealed with the crimp element, as a result, water enters the annulus.

In addition, moisture is never removed in the closed annulus of the transition, it accumulates during the entire life of the transition, more than 30 years, which causes severe corrosion, especially when the transition is laid in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost .

In the annular space of the pipeline transition, corrosion destroys the casing, as well as the metal support rings on which the pipeline is installed, as a result of which the electrical insulation between the pipeline and the transition casing is broken, which leads to serious consequences.

The plastic support ring of OAO Gazprom is known, the technical specifications are 2291-034-00203803-2005, the technical specifications holder is Metofrax OJSC, Perm Region, Gubakha, where the segments are assembled into the ring using bolted joints.

Also known is a safety ring spacer, dielectric, UDC 621.646 OAO Gazprom, specifications 51-19-2000, registration No. 19/6, dated June 20, 2000

The disadvantage of the technical solution is that the support-guide rings do not withstand the load, they break and, when the pipeline is pulled, wedge in the casing. In addition, a large number of metal bolts are used to connect the segments into a ring, which during operation are corroded, as a result of the support-guide rings weaken on the pipeline and collapse. To prevent shifts of the support guide rings (spacers) when pulling the pipeline into the casing, thrust rings made of polyamide or wood bars are additionally used, which are installed between the support rings, which significantly increases the price and laboriousness of the work.

A support plastic ring is also known for dragging the pipeline into the casing of the company PACI (Italy), where the ring is made of several sectors that are connected into a ring and fixed with one-sided herringbone surfaces. One of the disadvantages is that when the pipeline is pulled into the protective casing, the support-guide rings move from the seats relative to the pipeline, which significantly affects the load redistribution throughout the transition and leads to accidents.

The technical solution “Supporting plastic ring” according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2296906 F16L 7/00, 1/028, adopted as a prototype, where a significant drawback is the weak connection of the segments with each other, as well as the difficulty of connecting the segments during the final fixing of half rings into rings on pipeline transition.

In a humid environment of the annulus of the junction, expensive instruments, sensors for diagnosing the junction, which are mounted in the annulus of the pipeline and on the bearing guide rings of the junction, are destroyed, which in turn leads to serious accidents in the pipeline.

Known technical solutions, RF patent No. 2286558 C1 G01N 17/02, 2062394, determining the corrosion rate of the pipeline in the transition, and RF patent No. 2264578 C1 F16L 7/00, 58/00, F17D 5/02 "Pipeline transition control system with a cathodic device protection under roads and railways. " The technical solution according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2264578, intended for the diagnosis of the pipeline, is taken as a prototype and has the following disadvantages.

The pipeline transition diagnostic system according to the mentioned patents operates in a humid environment, the life of the monitoring devices is 5-7 years, i.e. several times less than the work of the pipeline transition, in addition, the readings of control devices and devices that are located in the annulus of the transition due to humidity are unreliable, and therefore, their use due to the limited life and inaccurate readings is impractical and expensive.

The objectives of the invention are the development of a modern pipeline transition, laid in a protective casing under roads, water barriers, engineering structures, to work in wet soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost, increasing the reliability of operation of the pipeline transition, as well as eliminating these disadvantages transition in the above patents and sources.

To solve this problem, the following group of inventions is proposed.

The object of one of the proposed inventions is the pipeline passage, laid under roads, engineering structures, in a protective casing on the support guide rings of fiberglass interchangeable segments, characterized in that the annular space on both sides is sealed with non-rubber rubber cuffs fixed to the pipeline and the casing with clamps ties, a cuff with a bend for the protective pipe of communication cables is also fixed with a tie clamp on the protective pipe, and the transition is equipped with ventilation, consisting of two vertical and one horizontal duct connected to each other through the annulus of the transition, while one of the vertical ducts is made on the end upper part of the casing and connected directly to the annular space, the horizontal duct is made on the opposite end upper part of the casing and connected with annular space and with a second vertical duct, in the lower part of which a drainage device for collecting moisture is made, non-shaped cut new cuffs are made with corrugation, the seats of informal rubber cuffs are seated on pre-wound raw rubber with the possibility, after a certain time, of vulcanization to the pipeline, the casing and the protective pipe due to the pressure of the clamp-tie, on the end parts of each segment of the support-guide ring a node in the form of an aperture; at the second opposite end of each segment, an inlet assembly is made, which is wound during assembly from the inside into the opening of the receiving unit of the segment to be connected, end parts These segments of the receiving and entry nodes are made with protrusions, in the protrusion of the receiving node in the seat there is a fixed clamp in the form of a wedge-shaped plate, on the side of which the fastening elements of the "herringbone" type are made more than the length of the fixed lock, also made in the form of a wedge-shaped plate, provided on the side with fastening elements of the herringbone type for engagement with fastening elements of the herringbone type fixed clamp, movable clamp made with the possibility of moving towards the fixed clamp and at the same time pushing the receiving and entry nodes in opposite directions to reduce the diameter of the support-guide ring when it is fixed on the transition pipeline.

To transfer the pipeline, a support-guide ring is proposed, made of fiberglass interchangeable segments, connected to each other in a half-ring using clamps manually and into the ring on the pipeline using a device for assembling half-rings into a ring, characterized in that one or more of each segment is made sliding bearings, at the end parts of each segment a receiving unit is made in the form of an aperture, and at the second opposite end of each segment, the starting unit is configured to half a ring or go into the ring from the inside into the opening of the receiving unit of the segment to be connected, the end parts of the segments of the receiving and input units are made with protrusions and provided with seats for fixed and movable clamps, in the protrusion of the receiving node there is a seat for installing a fixed clamp in the form a wedge-shaped plate, on the side of which opposed herringbone-type fastening elements are made for connection with a movable latch, which is also made in the form of wedges discharge plate having a length greater than the length of the fixed retainer provided with fastening elements of the "Tree", in the projection filar node also holds a seat for mounting the movable clamp, which is adapted to engage in its motion with a fixed retainer.

For final assembly on the transition pipeline of the support ring, a device is proposed made of two stops - movable and fixed, connected by a coupling screw, while a hole with a thread is made in the upper part of the moving fence for connection with the coupling screw, in the fixed support in the upper part a through hole through which a clamp screw passes, which is fixed by stop against displacement into the hole, and with the opposite end being connected to the movable stop by means of a threaded connection, with stop torons the end part of the clamping screw is made under a wrench to rotate it when moving the movable lock at the time of assembly and securing the support ring on the pipeline.

To fix the rubber cuff on the transition pipeline, a clamp-tie made of a crimping element made of round metal is offered, on the end parts of which stops with holes are mounted, while on the outer part of the crimping element from stop to stop by means of welding, the metal stretching preventing the crimping element is fixed strip width equal to the width of the stops.

To assemble a pipeline transition, a method is proposed, characterized in that on a whip of a pipeline of a given length, step marking is performed for mounting the support guide rings, fiber optic sensors are assembled on the pipeline, observing that the sensors are in free space between the support guide rings, assembled half rings in the support guide rings on the transition pipeline, while the half ring of the support guide ring with a rubber gasket is placed on the pipeline where the place installation, then take the second half-ring with a rubber gasket and apply it from the bottom of the pipeline opposite the upper half-ring, the inlet node of the upper half-ring is inserted from the inside into the opening of the receiving unit of the lower half-ring, and the inlet node of the lower half-ring is inserted into the opening of the receiving unit of the upper half-ring, then set into fixed and movable retainer seats, after which the movable retainer is manually advanced towards the stationary retainer to engage them with each other, the half rings are fixed in a ring about with the help of herringbone-type fastening elements, which are made on the lateral surfaces of the clamps, then the supporting guide rings are finally fixed to the transition pipeline using the device, for which the movable stop of the device is installed from the end part of the movable clamp, and the fixed stop is installed from the end part fixed lock, pass the screw through the hole of the fixed stop into the hole with the thread of the movable stop and rotate, moving the movable lock towards motionless, reducing the diameter of the support ring and securing the support ring on the pipeline with its fixation by means of clamps, after which all movable clamps are checked with a torque wrench, which is installed on the coupling screw of the device, upon completion of assembly of the support guide rings on the pipeline carry out the assembly of the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable, which is installed and fixed on the bracket between the sliding supports of the support guide rings, then they assemble the fiber-optic cable into the protective tube from the fiber-optic sensors, after which they pull the pipeline on the support rings into the casing, after pulling the pipe into the casing, they install informal rubber cuffs to seal the annular space, for this they put on a cuff with a tap on the pipe and move it to the pipe the protective pipe of the optical fiber cable and to the casing, while previously on the seats of the rubber cuff, pipeline, casing and protective pipe of the optical fiber cable raw rubber is wrapped, at the completion of raw rubber winding, the annulus is sealed by installing cylindrical parts of non-molded rubber cuffs on the seats on both sides of the pipeline, the casing, and on one side of the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable, after which the cuffs are secured with cable ties and cover all flange connections on pipelines, the compressor is injected with compressed air into the annulus, controlling the pressure with a pressure gauge welded into the casing, when the specified pressure is reached Sections for non-rubber rubber cuffs are inspected and checked for air leakage in the sealing places, the set pressure in the annulus of the transition is maintained for 1-3 hours, after which shelters are installed to protect the non-rubber rubber cuffs from damage and soil pressure, and commissioning, control over the transition of the pipeline is carried out through a diagnostic system consisting of fiber optic sensors, a control fiber optic cable and located on the surface of Milli weatherproof cabinet, which receives information from the sensors, and from which readings about the operation of the pipeline.

The proposed group of inventions provides increased reliability of the operation of the transition of the pipeline, as well as the elimination of these shortcomings in the above known technical solutions.

In the pipeline transition design, a ventilation system is made to remove the moist environment from the annular space of the transition.

The ventilation system is made of two vertical and one horizontal ducts, which are interconnected through the annulus of the transition.

In the upper part of the vertical ducts, gates are made to control the temperature in the annular space of the transition when seasonal temperatures change.

Air ducts are made on the terminal upper parts of the casing. One of the vertical ducts is made in the upper part of the casing and is connected directly to the annulus of the transition. Through it, depending on the time of the year, air is naturally taken to remove the moist environment from the annular space of the transition. Visually, through the upper part of the duct, they monitor for the presence of water in the annulus of the transition, as well as monitor the operation of the transition in the event of failure of the control devices and in emergency situations. In addition, through the duct, water is pumped out, if necessary, and warm air is supplied to finally remove the moist environment from the annulus of the transition.

The horizontal duct is made on the opposite end upper part of the casing and is connected to the annulus of the transition and to the vertical duct, which has a drainage device in the lower part where the water control sensor is installed. The moist environment from the annular space naturally enters the horizontal duct, and then into the vertical one, from the walls of which part of the water flows into the drainage device as a result of the temperature difference. Moisture from the drainage device evaporates naturally through the vertical duct.

To prevent damage from corrosion of metal support rings and increase the life of the pipeline transition, fiberglass support rings have been developed where there are no metal connecting bolts for connecting segments into half rings, and then into rings on the transition pipeline. The number of interchangeable segments in the ring depends on the diameter of the pipeline. Fiberglass support rings provide reliable electrical insulation between the main pipeline and the casing. In addition, the rings are securely fixed to the transition pipeline due to rubber gaskets and clamps, which are made in the form of, for example, a wedge, where opposite herringbone teeth are made on the lateral surfaces to engage them with each other when assembling at the moment the movable clamp moves towards fixed lock.

The support-guide ring is made of fiberglass interchangeable segments and is manually assembled into a half ring, and then into a ring on a pipeline without connecting bolts using a device for assembling half rings into a ring and is finally fixed to the transition pipeline using clamps. One or more sliding bearings are made on the outer surface of the segment, depending on the diameter of the pipeline. At one end of the segment there is a receiving unit in the form of an aperture, and at the opposite end it is a starting unit, which, when assembled in a half-ring or ring, enters the receiving unit of the connected segment from the inside.

The end parts of the segments of the receiving and input nodes are made in the form of protrusions with respect to the plane of the segment, where the seats for the fixed and movable clamps are made.

In the protrusion of the receiving unit, a seat is made where a fixed lock is installed in the form of, for example, a wedge-shaped plate. On the conical lateral part of the clamp there are made herringbone fastening elements for serial connection with a movable clamp. The movable lock is also made in the form of a wedge-shaped plate. On the conical side part, opposed herringbone-type fastening elements are made for fixing them to each other and having a large length with respect to the fixed lock.

In the protrusion of the input unit, a seat is also made where a movable latch is installed, which engages when it moves with a fixed latch.

The clamps serve to fix the segments of the support ring with each other, when assembling them in a half ring and finally securing them to the transition pipeline, by moving the movable clamps towards the stationary ones, using the device for assembling the rings on the pipeline.

The method of assembly of segments in a half ring is as follows.

Take a segment of the support guide ring, where on one of the end parts there is a lead-in assembly in the form of a protrusion and lead it from the inside into the opening of the receiving node of the second connected segment. Then, fixed and movable clamps are installed in the seats, after which, with a small effort, the movable clamp is moved towards the stationary. When moving, the movable latch engages with the fixed latch and the segments are fixed to each other by means of herringbone fastening elements, which are made on the conical lateral parts of each latch.

Similarly, the remaining segments are connected into a supporting-guide half-ring.

The assembly of the half rings in the support guide ring on the transition pipeline is carried out as follows: the half ring of the support guide ring with a rubber gasket glued from the inside is placed on top of the pipeline where its installation location is determined. Then they take the second half-ring with a rubber gasket and apply it to the lower part of the pipeline opposite the upper half-ring and, in the same way as when assembling two segments, end parts of the half-rings are brought in from the inside, while the inlet node of the upper half-ring is inserted into the inlet node of the lower half-ring, and the inlet node of the lower half ring in the receiving node of the upper half ring. Then fixed and movable clamps are installed in the seats. After that, the movable latch is manually advanced towards the stationary latch. When connecting them to each other, the half rings are fixed into the ring with the help of herringbone-style fastening elements, which are made on the lateral surfaces of the clamps.

The final assembly and fastening of the guide rings on the transition pipeline is carried out using a device that is made of two stops: movable and fixed, connected by a tightening screw. The device is intended for assembly of half rings into a support-guide ring on the transition pipeline.

The device for the final assembly and fastening of the half rings into a ring on the transition pipeline consists of two stops: movable and fixed. A threaded hole is made in the upper part of the movable stop for connection with a coupling screw. In the fixed stop in the upper part, a through hole is made through which a clamping screw passes, which is fixed by stop against displacement into the hole, and is connected to the movable stop by the threaded connection with the opposite end. On the stop side, the end part of the clamping screw is made under a wrench to rotate it when moving the movable latch at the time of assembly and fixing the support-guide ring to the transition pipeline.

The method of final assembly and fastening of the support guide rings on the transition pipeline is as follows: the movable stop of the device for assembling the support guide rings on the pipeline is installed from the end of the movable latch, the fixed stop is installed from the end of the fixed latch. Then the tightening screw is passed through the hole of the fixed stop and into the hole with the thread of the movable stop.

Using a wrench, turn the clamping screw, thereby moving the stop moves the movable latch towards the stationary, because the fixed latch is installed in the fixed seat, the distance between the receiving and entry nodes increases due to the opening of the receiving node and increasing the width of the movable latch, which has the form of a wedge, which moves the receiving and entry nodes in opposite directions when moving. As a result, the diameter of the support ring decreases and the support-guide ring on the pipeline is fixed and fixed with clamps.

To control the tightening force of the support guide rings on the pipeline, all the latches are checked with a torque wrench, which is installed on the coupling screw of the device for assembling the support guide rings on the transition pipeline.

For reliable sealing of the annular space of the transition, an informal rubber cuff of two types has been developed: a cuff with a corrugation and a bend for the protective pipe of an optical fiber cable and a cuff with a corrugation without a branch.

The informal rubber cuff is made of two cylindrical sections connected by a conical part. On the conical part of the rubber cuff is made corrugation in the form of, for example, a semicircle, from one or more. Depending on the diameter of the pipeline, when moving the pipeline in a linear direction or in the transverse directions, the corrugation stretches or folds into its original position, without exerting any effort to break the cuff from the casing.

In order to prevent slipping of the rubber cuff from the casing during operation, when moving the pipeline in linear and transverse directions, in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost, a corrugated informal rubber cuff is used. The informal rubber cuff is made of two cylindrical sections connected by a conical part. On the conical part of the informal rubber cuff, a corrugation is made in the form of, for example, several semicircles along its entire perimeter. In addition, in the manufacture of informal rubber cuffs, increasing or decreasing the height and number of semicircles on the conical part, it is possible to calculate the length of movement of the corrugation, which will subsequently allow the production of cuffs with corrugation of a given length. In this regard, a technology has been developed where assembly and vulcanization are carried out on three mandrels at the same time, one of which is the main one, copying the cylindrical sections of the cuff and connecting them with the conical section, the second mandrel, copying the corrugation of the cuff, rigidly fixed to the conical section of the mandrel, and the third mandrel is removable fixed on the conical section at an angle of 30-40 ° to its surface, copying the tap for the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable. The cuff is assembled by applying crude rubber to the mandrel, followed by vulcanization of the assembled non-rubber rubber cuff (not shown in the figures).

To reliably seal the annular space of the junction when assembling the rubber cuff on the transition pipeline, tape raw rubber is used by pre-winding it on the seats of the rubber cuff on the pipeline, the casing and on the protective pipe for the fiber optic cable, followed by fixing with tie clamps.

The clamp-tie for attaching the rubber sleeve to the transition pipe is made of a crimp element, rolled into a ring, or in two half rings, on its end parts at a distance of 40-150 mm, stops with holes are mounted, on the inside there are guides parallel to the crimp element with taking into account the free passage between them when fixing the rubber cuff on the transition pipeline.

On the outer surface of the crimp element from stop to stop, by welding, a metal strip is fixed with a width equal to the width of, for example, stops, to prevent stretching of the crimp element and destruction of the seats of the rubber cuff when it is mounted on the transition pipeline.

To fix the rubber cuffs on pipelines with a diameter of 114-445 mm, the clamp-tie is made in the form of a ring. For pipelines with a diameter of 530-920 mm, the clamp-coupler is made of two half rings. For mounting rubber cuffs on large diameter pipelines, the clamp-coupler is made of three sectors, each of which is structurally made as well as the clamp-coupler from a ring, or from two half rings, providing the same functions.

The method of assembling a rubber cuff on the transition pipeline is as follows: during assembly, the cuff on the pipeline is secured with a tie clamp, the crimping element is pressed into the rubber cuff and presses the cuff walls against the crude unvulcanized rubber, which creates reliable tightness between the pipeline, the casing and the rubber cuff. A metal strip fixed to the crimp element of the screed clamp prevents stretching of the crimp element and limits the depth of its pressing, protecting the rubber cuff from destruction and the crimping element from tearing, and also increases the area of pressure of the metal strip for crimping the cuff around its entire perimeter. Raw rubber, wound around the seats, after a certain time is vulcanized to the rubber cuff, the pipeline and to the casing, which creates a reliable seal of the annulus of the transition.

At the end of the pipeline pulling, a fiber-optic cable is mounted in a casing up to an all-weather cabinet, from which indications are taken of the state of transition of the pipeline. First, the fiber optic cable is pulled into the outlet of the rubber cuff, then the rubber cuff is put on the pipeline and moved to the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable and to the casing.

At the end of the installation of the sealing rubber cuffs, they check the tightness of the annular space of the transition by injecting air into the annular space of the transition under pressure. Pressure is controlled by a pressure gauge, which is welded into the casing. If the set pressure is maintained for one hour or more, for example, for 1-3 hours, the annulus of the pipeline transition is considered airtight. Then, shelters are assembled to protect rubber cuffs from impacts, soil pressure, and then the pipeline is put into operation.

For reliable diagnosis of the transition pipeline, the sensors of the fiber-optic system are made in a fiberglass protective shell, their fastening is made on the inner surface in the upper and lower parts of the vertical ducts of the ventilation system and on the surface of the transition pipeline.

The fiber-optic system for diagnosing the transition consists of fiber-optic sensors, a control fiber-optic cable and an all-weather cabinet located on the earth's surface, which receives information from the sensors. From an all-weather cabinet using a computer or various other data transfer systems, the following readings are taken in the annulus of the junction, which controls the operation of the junction pipeline: pressure, temperature, deformation of the pipeline, humidity, the presence of water in the drainage device and the annulus, the displacement of the pipeline relative to the casing, gas contamination in the annulus and at the outlet of the vertical ducts, the absence of electrical contact between the pipe-casing.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 shows the arrangement and operation of the ventilation system of the transition pipeline.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the transition of the pipeline assembly when testing the annulus for leaks at the end of assembly.

In FIG. 3, 4, 5, 6 show the assembly method and the pipeline transition device.

In FIG. 7, 8, 9, 10 show the arrangement of bearing guide rings.

In FIG. 11, 12, 13, 14 shows the device of the movable and fixed clamps.

In FIG. 15, 16, a corrugated rubber sleeve with and without bend for a protective pipe of a fiber optic cable is shown.

In FIG. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 shows the arrangement of tie clamps for attaching rubber cuffs at the transition of the pipeline and the casing.

In FIG. 23, 24, a pipeline transition control system is shown.

The transition consists of the following main parts: a protective casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23), a pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), laid on the supporting guide rings 3 ( 1, 3, 11, 17) in the protective casing 1 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23), the annular transition space formed between the casing and the pipeline, which is sealed on both sides by non-shaped rubber cuffs that are fixed with clamps - screeds from getting into the groundwater.

To reduce the moist environment in the annular space of the transition, a ventilation system is made consisting of a horizontal duct 4 (Fig. 1, 2), two vertical ducts 5, 6 (Fig. 1, 2) and a drainage device 7 (Fig. 1, 2). Air ducts 5, 6 (Fig. 1, 2) are made in the upper part at opposite ends of the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and are interconnected through a horizontal duct 4 (Fig. 1, 2) and the annular transition space. In the upper part of the ducts installed gates 8, 9 (Fig.1, 2) of temperature control in the annular space of the transition when seasonal temperatures change.

The vertical duct 6 (figure 1, 2) is connected to the annular space through a horizontal duct 4 (figure 1, 2) and has a drainage device 7 (figure 1, 2) for collecting moisture (water). At the bottom of the drainage device, a sensor 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) of moisture (water) control is installed. Fresh air, depending on the time of year, enters the vertical duct 5 (FIGS. 1, 2), then into the annulus of the transition and mixes with the humid environment. The moist environment from the annular space naturally enters the horizontal duct 4 (Fig.1, 2), then into the vertical duct 6 (Fig.1, 2), from the walls of which part of the water flows into the drainage device 7 (Fig.1, 2) as a result of the temperature difference. Moisture from the drainage device through a vertical duct 6 (Fig.1, 2) evaporates naturally into the atmosphere.

The vertical duct 5 (Fig. 1, 2) of the ventilation system performs several functions: through it, air is naturally taken from the external environment, in addition, visually, from above, through the duct, water is checked for the presence of water in the annulus of the junction in case of failure of the devices control and in emergency situations. In addition, through it, if necessary, water is pumped out from the annulus, then, after pumping out the water, if necessary, warm air is supplied to finally remove the moist environment from the annulus of the transition.

To prevent damage from corrosion of the metal support rings and increase the life of the transition pipe support guide rings 3 (1, 3, 11, 17) are made of fiberglass and are designed to pull the pipe 2 (1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) into the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23). In addition, the rings are made of interchangeable segments 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) without metal coupling bolts connected to the half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4) and to the rings 3 (Figs. 1, 3, 11, 17 ) on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) of the transition using the clips 14, 15 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) and the device 16 (Fig. 6), for assembly support rings on the transition pipeline. On each segment of the support-guide ring, one or more sliding bearings 17 are made (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12). At one of the end parts of each segment, a receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) is made in the form of an opening 19 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12), in which when assembling from the inside, the entry unit 20 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the opposite end of the connected segment enters. The end portion of the segment of the receiving node 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) is made with a protrusion 21 (Fig. 5, 8, 9, 12, 13) with respect to the plane of the segment 11 (Fig. 7 , 8, 9, 10).

In the protrusion 21 (Fig. 5, 8, 9, 12, 13) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13), a seat 22 (Fig. 5, 8, 9, 12 ), where the fixed latch 15 is installed (Fig. 5, 1, 12, 13, 14) in the form of, for example, a wedge-shaped plate. On the conical lateral part of the latch there are made herringbone-type fastening elements 23 (Fig. 14) for serial connection with the movable latch 14 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14). The movable retainer has a length greater than the immovable retainer, also made in the form of a wedge-shaped plate. On the conical lateral part of the movable latch there are opposed herringbone-type fastening elements 23 (FIG. 14) for connecting to the fixed latch 15 (FIGS. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14).

At the second opposite end of each segment of the support-guide ring, an inlet assembly 20 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) is made in the form of a protrusion 24 (Figs. 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13) taking into account its free entry from the inside into the opening 19 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 9) of the connected segment 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9). The aperture 19 (FIGS. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) serves to move the receiving and input units in the radial direction, while moving the movable latch towards the stationary one.

In the protrusion 24 (Fig. 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13) of the inlet assembly 20 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13), a seat 25 (Fig. 8, 10) is made with respect to the plane of segment 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10), where the movable latch 14 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) moves, which engages 23 (Fig. 14) when it moves with the fixed latch 15 (FIGS. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14). The latches serve to fix the segments with each other during manual assembly into a half ring 12, 13 (Fig. 4) and into a ring on the transition pipeline. The final fixing of the guide rings on the transition pipeline is carried out by moving the movable clips towards the fixed clips by the device 16 (Fig.6) for assembling and final fixing of the fiberglass support guide rings on the transition pipeline.

The method of assembling segments 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) into a half ring 12, 13 (Fig. 4) is carried out as follows: take segment 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) of the support-guide ring, where one of the end parts made entry node 20 (figure 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13), and start it from the inside into the opening 19 (figure 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving node 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) of the second connected segment 11 (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10). Then, in the seats 22 (FIGS. 5, 8, 9, 12), the fixed latch 15 is installed (FIGS. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and the movable latch 14 is installed in the seat 25 (FIGS. 8, 10) (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and with a little effort move the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) towards the stationary latch 15. When moving the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11 , 12, 13, 14) it engages with the fixed latch 15 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), thereby the segments are fixed to each other due to the fastening elements of the Christmas tree type 23 (Fig. 14), which are made on the conical lateral parts of each iksatora.

In a similar manner, the half rings 12, 13 (FIG. 4) are connected into a support-guide ring. The assembly of the half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4) in the support guide ring on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) of the transition is carried out as follows: take the half ring 12 (Fig. 4) of the support guide ring with a rubber gasket glued from the inside, and put on the pipe 2 (figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), where the place of its installation is determined. Then take the second half ring 13 (figure 4) with a rubber gasket and apply to the lower part of the pipeline 2 (figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) opposite the half ring 12 (figure 4) and, in a similar way, as with the assembly of two segments, the end parts of the half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4) are started from the inside, while the input unit 20 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the upper half ring 12 (Fig. 4) is in aperture 19 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) of the lower half ring 13 (Fig. 4), and the entry unit 20 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the lower half ring 13 (Fig. 4) - into the opening 19 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) ver He half rings 12 (Figure 4).

Then set in the seat 22 (Fig. 5, 8, 9, 12), the fixed latch 15 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14 ) - in the seat 25 (Fig.8, 10). After that, the movable latch is manually advanced towards the stationary latch to engage them with each other.

When the latches are engaged with each other 14, 15 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), 23 (Fig. 14), the half rings are fixed into the ring with the help of herringbone-type fastening elements 23 (Fig. 14), which are made on the side surfaces of the clips.

The final fastening of the support guide rings on the pipeline is carried out using the device 16 (Fig.6) for the assembly of half rings in the support guide rings on the transition pipeline.

The device 16 (Fig.6) for assembling the half rings 12, 13 (Fig.4) into a ring on the pipeline consists of two stops, a movable stop 26 (Fig.6) and a fixed stop 27 (Fig.6), which are connected by a clamping screw 28 (Fig.6). In the upper part of the movable stop 26 (Fig. 6), a threaded hole is made for the coupling screw 28 (Fig. 6). In the fixed stop 27 (Fig. 6), a through hole is made in the upper part, through which a clamping screw 28 (Fig. 6) passes, which is fixed with a stop in the hole and is connected to the movable stop 26 (Fig. 6) by the threaded end connections. From the stop 27 (Fig. 6), the end part of the clamping screw 29 (Fig. 6) is made under a wrench for its rotation when moving the movable latch 14 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) at the time of assembly of the supporting guide ring 3 (figures 1, 3, 11, 17) on the transition pipeline.

The method of assembly of support guide rings on the transition pipeline is as follows: take a device 16 (Fig.6) for assembling support guide rings and a movable stop 26 (Fig.6) is installed from the end of the movable latch 14 (Fig.5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and the fixed stop 27 (Fig. 6) is installed from the end part of the fixed lock 15 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14). The tightening screw 28 (Fig.6) is passed through the hole of the fixed stop 27 (Fig.6) into the threaded hole of the movable stop 26 (Fig.6).

Then, with the help of a wrench, the clamping screw 29 is rotated (Fig. 6), while the movable stop 26 (Fig. 6) moves the movable latch 14 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) towards the stationary latch 15 (Fig. 5) , 11, 12, 13, 14), which is installed in the fixed seat. When moving the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), it engages with the fixed latch 15 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and the distance between the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4 , 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and entry nodes 20 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the ring segments increases due to the width of the opening 19 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8 , 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (FIGS. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13), in which the input unit moves, and increasing the width of the movable latch between the receiving and input units having the shape of a wedge 14 (FIG. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), which, when moving, pushes the receiving 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and the inlet nodes 20 (Fig. .4, 7, 8, 10, 13) in opposite radial directions. As a result, the diameter of the support ring 3 (FIGS. 1, 3, 11, 17) decreases and the support-guide ring on the pipe 2 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) is firmly fixed and fixed using the clips 14, 15 (FIGS. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14). To control the tightening force of the support-guide rings around the perimeter of the pipeline, all the latches are checked with a torque wrench, which is installed on the coupling screw of the device 29 (Fig.6).

Reliable sealing of the annular space of the transition provides an informal rubber cuff with corrugation.

The informal rubber cuff 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22) is made of two types: with a corrugation and with a tap 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 17) for the protective pipe 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17 , 23) fiber optic cable, both with corrugation and without bends. An informal rubber cuff with a corrugation is made on a mandrel, where a corrugation mandrel and a removable retraction mandrel are made on the conical part. The informal rubber cuff 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) consists of two cylindrical sections 34, 35 (Fig. 15), 36, 37 (Fig. 16) connected by the conical part 38, 39 (Fig. 15, 16).

On the conical part 38, 39 (Fig. 15, 16), a corrugation 40, 41 (Fig. 15, 16) is made in the form, for example, of a semicircle, from one or more, around the entire perimeter of the rubber sleeve and bend 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 17) for the protective pipe of the optical fiber cable 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 23).

The manufacture, assembly and vulcanization of the rubber cuff is carried out on three mandrels at the same time (not shown in Fig.), One of which is the main one, copying the cylindrical sections of the cuff and connecting them with the conical section, the second mandrel, copying the corrugation of the cuff, rigidly fixed to the conical section of the mandrel, and the third mandrel is removable, also fixed on the conical section of the mandrel mandrel at an angle of 30-40 ° to its surface, copying the elbow for the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable. The cuff is assembled by applying crude rubber to the mandrel, followed by vulcanization of the assembled non-molded rubber cuff in a vulcanizing boiler (not shown in Fig.).

During the operation of the pipeline transition in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost when moving the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) in the linear and transverse directions of the corrugation 40, 41 (Fig. 15, 16) stretches, or folds into its original position, and does not exert force on the breakdown of the rubber cuff 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) from the casing 1 (figure 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and the protective pipe 32 (figure 1, 2, 17, 23) of the optical fiber cable 42 (figure 3, 24).

In addition, when assembling the transition to the seats of the rubber cuff 34, 35 (Fig. 15), 36, 37 (Fig. 16) to the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), the casing 1 ( 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and on the protective tube 32 (1, 2, 17, 23) of the fiber optic cable 42 (3, 24), raw uncured rubber 43 is wound up (1, 2 , 17, 20, 22) and fasten with clamps-ties 44 (Fig. 18), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), 46 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 21) on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), the casing 1 (1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and on the protective tube 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 23) of the optical fiber cable 42 (Fig. 3, 24) depending on their diameters.

The clamp coupler 44 (Fig. 18), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), 46 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 21) for attaching the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22 ), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) of the transition is made of guides 47 (Fig. 18, 19, 22) of the crimping element 48 (18, 19, 20, 22), made in the form of a ring 44 (Fig. 18), or in the form of two half rings 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), on the end parts of which the stops 49 are mounted (Fig. 18, 19 , 20, 22), with holes 50 (Fig. 18, 19) for bolted connections. On the inner side there are guides 47 (Fig. 18, 19, 22) located parallel to the crimping element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22), taking into account its free passage between the guides 47 (Fig. 18, 19, 22) , when fixing the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) on the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) and the casing of the transition 1 (Fig.1, 2, 17, 22, 23).

On the outer surface of the crimping element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22), from stop to stop 49 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22), a metal strip 51 is fixed by welding (Fig. 18, 19, 20 ) with a width equal to the width, for example, of the stops 49 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22), to prevent stretching of the crimping element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22) and the destruction of the seats of the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17), when it is mounted on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) and the casing 1 (Fig. .1, 2, 17, 22, 23) transition.

To fix the rubber cuff on the pipeline with a diameter of 114-445 mm, the clamp-tie is made in the form of a ring 44 (Fig. 18). For pipelines with a diameter of 530-920 mm, the clamp-tie is made of two half rings 45 (Fig.2, 17, 19). To attach the rubber cuff to the pipeline of large diameters, the clamp-coupler is made of several segments 46 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 21), each of which is structurally made in the same way as the clamp-coupler made of ring 44 (Fig. 18 ), or from two half rings 45 (Fig.2, 17, 19), providing the same functions.

When fixing the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) on the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) and the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) with tie clamps 44 (Fig. 18), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19) the crimping element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22) moves between the guides 47 (Fig. 18, 19, 22) and freely pressed into the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), 46 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 21), because it has a smaller area with respect to the metal strip and presses the walls of the rubber cuff 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) to the pre-wound raw uncured rubber 43 ( figure 1, 2, 17, 20, 22), which creates a reliable tightness between the pipeline 2 (figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), the casing 1 (figure 1, 2, 17, 22, 23 ) and a rubber cuff 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17). The metal strip 51 (Fig. 18, 19, 20) prevents stretching of the crimp element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22) and limits the depth of its indentation, protecting the rubber sleeve 30 from destruction (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20 , 22), 33 (Figs. 1, 2, 16, 17) and a crimping element 48 (Figs. 18, 19, 20, 22) from rupture, and also increases the pressure over the entire area of the metal strip 51 (Figs. 18, 19, 20) to compress the cuff around its entire perimeter, which creates an additional mounting area on the pipeline and the casing.

For reliable diagnosis of the transition in dangerous sections of the pipeline, sensors 10 (Fig. 1, 2), 52 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 23), 65 (Fig. 1) of a fiber-optic system are installed, made on the inner surface in the upper and the lower parts of the vertical ducts 5, 6 (Fig. 1, 2) of the ventilation system and on the surface of the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 22) between the supporting guide rings 3 (Figs. 1, 3, 11, 17).

Fiber-optic transition diagnostic system consists of: fiber-optic sensors 10 (Fig. 1, 2), 52 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 23), 65 (Fig. 1) of a control fiber optic communication cable 42 (Fig. 3, 24 ) and an all-weather cabinet 53 (FIGS. 1, 23) located on the surface of the earth, into which information from the sensors comes. From an all-weather cabinet 53 (FIGS. 1, 23), using a computer or various other data transmission systems, the following readings are taken in the annulus of the transition, which determine the technical condition of the transition: pressure, temperature, deformation of the pipeline, humidity, the presence of water in the drainage the device and the annular space, the displacement of the pipeline relative to the casing, the gas contamination in the annular space and at the outlet of the vertical ducts 5, 6 (Fig. 1, 2), the presence of electrical contact main pipe 2 ( figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) - the casing 1 (figure 1, 2, 17, 22, 23).

The method of assembling the transition of the pipeline under the road is as follows. First of all, they open or close the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) for the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) under the railway or road 54, 55 (figure 1, 2).

Then the pipes are welded into the pipe lash of the future transition pipeline of a given length and mounted on supports, so that from the bottom it was possible to freely attach the supporting half ring 13 (Fig. 4), which is assembled from segments 11 (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10) onto manufacturer

After that, they begin to mark the pitch and install the support guide rings on the transition pipeline. At the end, proceed to the assembly of fiber optic sensors in the pipeline, taking into account that the sensors are in free space between the support guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17), and then proceed to the method of assembling the half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4 ) in the supporting guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) on the pipeline transition 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23).

Take the half ring 12 (figure 4) of the guide ring 3 (figure 1, 3, 11, 17) with a rubber gasket and put on the pipe 2 (figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), where defined place of installation. Then take the second half ring 13 (figure 4) with a rubber gasket and apply to the bottom of the pipeline 2 (figure 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), opposite the half ring 12 (figure 4), and, in a similar way, as in the assembly of two segments, the end parts of the half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4) are started from the inside: the input unit 20 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the upper half ring 12 (Fig. 4) - aperture 19 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) of the lower half ring 13 (Fig. 4), and the entry unit 20 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) of the lower half ring 13 (Fig. 4) - into the opening 19 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) of the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 9) upper half ring 12 (figure 4).

Then, a fixed latch 15 (FIGS. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) and a movable latch 14 (FIG. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) are installed in the seat 22 (FIGS. 5, 8, 9, 12); .5, 11, 12, 13, 14). After that, the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) is manually advanced towards the stationary latch 15 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) to engage them with each other, while the half rings are fixed in the ring using fastening elements of the herringbone type 23 (Fig. 14), which are made on the lateral surfaces of the latches 14, 15 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14).

The final fastening of the support-guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) of the transition is carried out using the device 16 (Fig. 6) for assembling half rings 12, 13 (Fig. 4) into the support-guide ring 3 (Figs. 1, 3, 11, 17) on the transition pipeline 2 (Figs. 1, 2,3,17,20,23). Take the device 16 (Fig.6) for assembling the supporting guide rings and install the movable stop 26 (Fig.6) from the end of the movable latch 14 (Fig.5, 11, 12, 13, 14), and the fixed stop 27 (Fig .6) install from the end of the fixed latch 15 (Fig.5, 11, 12, 13, 14). Then, the coupling screw 28 (Fig. 6) is passed through the hole of the fixed stop 27 (Fig. 6) into the threaded hole of the movable stop 26 (Fig. 6). The coupling screw has an emphasis to limit passage to the fixed emphasis 27 (Fig.6).

Using a wrench, rotate the end part 29 (Fig.6) of the clamping screw 28 (Fig.6) of the device, and the movable stop 26 (Fig.6) moves the movable latch 14 (Fig.5, 11, 12, 13, 14) towards fixed latch 15 (figure 5, 11, 12, 13, 14), because fixed latch 15 (figure 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) is installed in the fixed seat 22 (figure 5, 8, 9, 12) the distance between the receiving 18 (figure 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and entry nodes 20 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13) increase even more (the direction is shown by arrows in Fig. 13) due to the opening 19 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12) and the receiving unit 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13), as well as by increasing the width of the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) when it wedge-shaped movement. With further movement, the movable latch 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) further pushes the distance between the receiving 18 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and the entry nodes 20 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13). As a result, the diameter of the support ring 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) decreases and the support-guide ring 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) on the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20 , 23) is fixed and fixed with the help of clamps 14, 15 (Figs. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14). The final control of the tightening force of the support rings is carried out around the perimeter of the pipeline, check all the movable clamps 14 (Fig. 5, 11, 12, 13, 14) with a torque wrench, which is installed on the coupling screw 29 (Fig. 6) of the device 16 (Fig. .5, 6), after which the assembly control of the guide rings on the transition pipeline is completed.

Then carry out the assembly of the protective pipe 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 23) of the optical fiber cable 42 (Fig. 3, 24). It is installed and fixed on the bracket between the sliding bearings 17 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12) of the support-guide rings 3 (Figs. 1, 3, 11, 17).

Then carry out the assembly of the optical fiber cable from the control sensors into a protective tube, and then to the front of the assembled pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) on the support guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) with a protective pipe 32 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 23) and a fiber optic cable 42 (Figs. 3, 24), mount tip 56 (Fig. 3) - a device for securing the cable (not shown in the drawing) and dragging the pipeline into the casing. Upon completion of pulling the pipeline into the casing, they begin to assemble the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22) with a tap 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 17) for the protective pipe 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 23) of the optical fiber cable 42 (FIGS. 3, 24). After pulling the pipeline into the casing, the fiber-optic cable is mounted until the weatherproof cabinet, from which the status of the transition of the pipeline is taken, the fiber-optic cable is previously pulled into the rubber cuff outlet.

Then take the rubber sleeve 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22) with a tap 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 17), put it on the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20 , 23) and move to the protective tube 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 23) of the optical fiber cable 42 (Fig. 3, 24) and to the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23).

Previously, on the landing cylindrical seats of the rubber cuff, on the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and the protective pipe 32 (Fig. 1 , 2, 17, 23) of the fiber optic cable 42 (Figs. 3, 24) reel in raw uncured rubber 43 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 20, 22). Upon completion of the winding of crude rubber 43 (figure 1, 2, 17, 20, 22) proceed to sealing the annulus of the transition. Sealing is carried out by installing the cylindrical parts of the rubber sleeve on the seats on the pipe 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and on the protective pipe 32 (figure 1, 2, 17, 23) of the fiber optic cable 42 (figure 3, 24) with coiled raw rubber. Then they are fixed with clamps-ties 44 (Fig. 18), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), 46 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 21) depending on the diameter of the pipeline and the casing.

The assembly of the rubber sleeve without retraction is carried out in a similar manner, with the exception of the protective pipe for fiber optic cable, because it leaves the annulus only on one side.

Then, the tightness of the annular space of the transition is checked by closing all flange connections 57 (Figs. 1, 2), 58 (Figs. 1, 2), 59 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) and the injection of compressed air into the annulus of the transition. The creation of pressure is carried out by the compressor 60 (figure 2) and controlled by a pressure gauge 61 (figure 2), which is welded into the casing 1 (figure 1, 2, 17, 22, 23).

Upon reaching the specified pressure for the rubber cuffs 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17), the compressor 60 (Fig. 2) is turned off, and the valve 62 (Fig. 2 ) at the entrance to the annulus is closed. Inspect and check for air leaks at the sealing points of the rubber cuffs. Then, the predetermined pressure in the annulus of the transition is maintained for one hour or more, and the pressure is monitored by pressure gauge 61 (Fig. 2). While maintaining a given pressure value for a predetermined time (for example, within 1-3 hours), the annulus of the pipeline transition is considered leakproof. Then carry out the installation of shelters 63 (figure 1) to protect the rubber cuffs from damage, and during the operation of the transition from soil pressure, after which the transition of the pipeline to commissioning is completed.

The mounted transition of the pipeline and its systems work as follows: in the annular space of the transition a ventilation system is made, where fresh air is taken through a gate 8 or 9 (Fig. 1,2) depending on the time of year. Naturally, through the duct 5 (FIGS. 1, 2), air enters the annulus of the transition, mixing with a moist aggressive medium, passes through a horizontal duct 4 (FIGS. 1, 2), and then through a vertical duct 6 (FIGS. 1, 2) ) and the gate 9 (Fig.1, 2) goes into the atmosphere. When leaving the duct 6 (Fig. 1, 2), the moist medium settles on its walls in the form of water droplets and flows into the drainage device 7 (Fig. 1, 2), from which it evaporates naturally into the atmosphere.

The movement of air in the ventilation system is due to its through passage through the annulus of the transition.

The pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) of the junction is mounted in a protective casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23), on fiberglass support-guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3 , 11, 17), which perceive and absorb shock loads from the pumped gas and oil products, from the railway transport 54 moving from above (Fig. 1,2) and cars along the road surface 55 (Figs. 1, 2). Depreciation is carried out due to the hollow supports 17 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12) of the support-guide rings 3 (Fig. 1, 3, 11, 17) and rubber gaskets 64 (Fig. .1, 3, 17, 23) located on the inside on the supporting guide rings 3 (Figs. 1, 3, 11, 17).

With increasing pressure in the pipeline, or a change in seasonal temperature in wet and swampy soils, as well as in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost, the pipeline moves in both linear and transverse directions. When moving the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23), a rubber sealing sleeve with a tap 30 (Fig. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), or without tap 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) is extended due to the corrugation 40 (Fig. 15), 41 (Fig. 16), made in the form, for example, of a semicircle, from one or more, on the conical surface of the cuff 38 (Fig. 15), 39 (Fig. 16), due to which no force is created to tear it from the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23). For reliable sealing of the annulus of the transition, the cylindrical seats 34, 35 (Fig. 15), 36, 37 (Fig. 16) of the rubber sleeve 30 (Figs. 1, 2, 15, 20, 22), 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 16, 17) are seated on raw uncured rubber 43 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 20, 22) on pipeline 2 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) and the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23) and secured with cable ties 44 (Fig. 18), 45 (Fig. 2, 17, 19), 46 (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 21) depending on the diameter of the pipeline 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 23) and the casing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 17, 22, 23), where in the upper part on the crimping element 48 (Fig. 18, 19, 20, 22), by welding, a metal strip 51 is fixed (Fig. 18, 19, 20) around the entire circumference of the screed clamp, which prevents stretching and breaking of the crimping element, as well as the destruction of the rubber cuff when it is secured with a screed clamp.

Raw non-vulcanized rubber 43 after a certain time is vulcanized to the pipe 2, the casing 1 and the protective pipe 32 due to the pressure of the clamp 44, 45, 46 and will become with the cuff as a whole.

Monitoring the operation of the pipeline transition is carried out by a diagnostic system consisting of: fiber optic sensors 10 (Fig. 1, 2), 52 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 23), 65 (Fig. 1), a control fiber optic cable 42 (Fig. 3 , 24) and an all-weather cabinet 53 (FIGS. 1, 23) located on the surface of the earth, into which information from the sensors arrives. From an all-weather cabinet 53 (FIGS. 1, 23), using the computer directly or various other systems for transmitting data over a distance, the following indications are taken about the operation of the pipeline in the annulus of the transition, which determine the technical condition of the transition: pressure, temperature, deformation of the pipeline, humidity, the presence of water in the drainage device and the annulus, the displacement of the pipeline relative to the casing, gas contamination in the annulus and at the outlet of the vertical ducts, the presence of electric contact main pipeline-casing. In addition, the presence of water in the annulus can be controlled and removed, if necessary, due to visual inspection from above through the duct 5 (Fig.1, 2).

The pipeline transition has been working in a similar way for over 30 years.

Tests on the track were successful, which will allow for many years to increase reliability during operation of the pipeline transition in moist soils, swamps, in areas with harsh conditions and permafrost.

Claims (6)

1. The transition of the pipeline, laid under roads, engineering structures, in a protective casing on the support guide rings of fiberglass interchangeable segments, characterized in that the annular space on both sides is sealed with non-rubber rubber cuffs fixed to the pipeline and the casing with clamps, couplers with the outlet for the protective pipe of the communication cable is also secured with a tie clamp on the protective pipe, and the transition is equipped with a ventilation system consisting of two vertical and one about horizontal ducts interconnected through the annulus of the transition, while one of the vertical ducts is made on the end upper part of the casing and connected directly to the annular space, the horizontal duct is made on the opposite end of the upper casing and connected to the annular space and with the second vertical duct , in the lower part of which a drainage device for collecting moisture is made, informal rubber cuffs are made with corrugation, seats rubber cuffs are seated on pre-wound wet rubber with the possibility, after a certain time, of vulcanization to the pipeline, the casing and the protective pipe due to the pressure of the clamp-tie, on the end parts of each segment of the support-guide ring there is a receiving unit in the form of an aperture, on the second opposite at the end of each segment, an inlet assembly is made, wound up during assembly from the inside into the opening of the inlet assembly of the connected segment, the end parts of the segments of the inlet and inlet assemblies are made protrusions, in the protrusion of the receiving unit in the seat there is a fixed clamp in the form of a wedge-shaped plate, on the side of which the fastening elements of the "herringbone" type are made, in the protrusion of the input node in the seat is a movable clamp having a length longer than the length of the fixed clamp, also made in the shape of a wedge-shaped plate provided on the side with fastening elements of the herringbone type for engagement with the fastening elements of the herringbone type of the fixed clamp, the movable clamp is made with the possibility of moving towards the fixed latch and at the same time pushing the receiving and input units in opposite directions to reduce the diameter of the support ring when it is fixed to the transition pipeline. 2. The transition according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the ducts installed gates to control the temperature in the annulus. 3. The support-guide ring for the transition according to any one of claims 1 to 2, made of fiberglass interchangeable segments connected to each other in a semicircle using clamps manually and in the ring on the pipeline using a device for assembling semicircles into a ring, characterized in that that on each segment one or more sliding bearings are made, on the end parts of each segment there is a receiving unit in the form of an aperture, and on the second opposite end of each segment the input unit is made with the possibility of assembly in half-rings Either go into the ring from the inside into the opening of the receiving unit of the segment to be connected, the end parts of the segments of the receiving and input units are made with protrusions and provided with seats for the fixed and movable clamps, a seat is made in the protrusion of the receiving unit to install a fixed clamp in the form a wedge-shaped plate, on the side of which opposed herringbone-type fastening elements are made for connection with a movable latch, which is also made in the form of a wedge-shaped plate Steen having a length greater than the length of the fixed retainer provided with fastening elements of the "herringbone" in filar node ledge also holds a seat for mounting the movable clamp, which is adapted to engage in its motion with a fixed retainer. 4. The device for the final assembly of the support ring according to claim 3, made of two stops - movable and fixed, connected by a coupling screw, while a hole with a thread is made in the upper part of the movable stop for connection with the coupling screw, in a fixed support in the upper of the part, a through hole is made through which a clamping screw passes, which is fixed by stop against displacement into the hole, and is connected to the movable stop by a threaded connection with the opposite end, end part of the ste from the stop Foot screw wrench configured to rotate while moving the movable retainer at the time of assembly and fixing of support-guide ring on the pipe. 5. The clamp-clamp for attaching the rubber sleeve to the transition pipeline according to any one of claims 1 to 2, made of a crimping element made of round metal, on the end parts of which stops are mounted with holes, while on the outer part of the crimping element from stop to stop by welding, a metal strip, which is equal to the width of the stops, is prevented from stretching the crimping element. 6. A method of assembling a pipeline transition according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the step marking is performed on the whip of a pipeline of a given length for mounting the support-guide rings according to claim 3, fiber optic sensors are assembled on the pipeline, observing the condition that the sensors were in the free space between the guide rings, collect the half rings in the guide rings on the transition pipe, while the half ring of the guide ring with a rubber gasket is placed on the pipeline, where m one hundred of its installation, then take the second half-ring with a rubber gasket and apply it from the bottom of the pipeline opposite the upper half-ring, the inlet node of the upper half-ring is inserted into the opening of the receiving unit of the lower half-ring, and the inlet-unit of the lower half-ring is inserted into the opening of the receiving unit of the upper half-ring, then installed in the landing fixed and movable retainers, after which the movable retainer is manually advanced towards the stationary retainer to engage them with each other, the half rings are fixed into the ring with herringbone-type fastening elements, which are made on the lateral surfaces of the clamps, then finally fix the support-guide rings on the transition pipe, for which the movable stop of the device according to claim 4 is installed from the end of the movable clamp, and the fixed stop is installed from the end of the fixed clamp , the coupling screw is passed through the hole of the fixed stop into the hole with the thread of the movable stop and rotated, providing movement of the movable latch towards the fixed, decreasing when ohm of the diameter of the support ring and fixing the support ring on the pipeline with its fixation by means of clamps, after which all movable clamps are checked with a torque wrench, which is installed on the coupling screw of the device, at the end of assembly of the support rings on the pipeline, the protective assembly is carried out the pipes of the fiber optic cable, which is installed and fixed on the bracket between the sliding supports of the support guide rings, then the optical fibers are assembled cable into the protective tube from the fiber-optic sensors, after which they pull the pipeline on the support rings into the casing, after pulling the pipe into the casing, unformal rubber cuffs are mounted, put a cuff on the pipe and move it to the casing, put a cuff on the pipe with a tap for the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable and move to the protective pipe of the fiber optic cable and to the casing, while previously on the seats of the rubber sleeve, pipeline, casing and protective pipe wholesale the curl cable is rewound with crude rubber, at the end of the coiling of the crude rubber, the annulus is sealed by installing the cylindrical parts of the informal rubber cuffs on the seats on both sides of the pipeline, the casing and on one side of the protective pipe of the fiber-optic cable, after which the cuffs are secured with cable ties and cover all flange connections on pipelines, they inject compressed air into the annulus by the compressor, controlling the pressure with a pressure gauge welded into the casing, upon reaching At a given pressure for non-rubber rubber cuffs, inspect and check for air leaks in the sealing places, the set pressure in the annulus of the transition is maintained for 1-3 hours, after which shelters are installed to protect the non-rubber rubber cuffs from damage and soil pressure, and carry out the commissioning, control over the transition of the pipeline is carried out through a diagnostic system consisting of fiber optic sensors, a control fiber optic cable and located о on the ground surface of an all-weather cabinet, which receives information from sensors, and from which readings about the operation of the pipeline are taken.

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