RU2525778C2 - Method for internal combustion engine starting at low temperatures and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry and can be used for internal combustion engine starting at low ambient temperature specific to Siberia and far North regions. The method consists in the following: before engine starting, fuel is heated in reservoir outside vehicle engine compartment to the temperature of fuel active evaporation including temperature equal to fuel boiling point, and then fuel vapour is fed to suction pipe of engine. In this process, ambient air can be passed through heated fuel and directed to inlet pipe together with fuel. Aggregate for this method implementation consists of reservoir (1) with fuel (2) connected via valve (3) with device (4) for connecting inlet pipeline (16). The reservoir (1) is installed in casing (5) with funnel (6) having holes for air (7) intake and for smoke fumes (8) discharge. Device (9) serves for heating reservoir (1). Channel (10) with atomiser (11) and valve (12) serves for air passing through reservoir (1) which also has safety valve (13). Container (14) with cover (15) serves for heat-insulation of the aggregate. Reservoir (1) with fuel (2) is heated by solid fuel placed in the device (9) prior to valve (13) actuation, then engine starter and valve (3) are switched on at the same time. Hot fuel vapour is fed to inlet pipe (16) via this valve and facilitates reliable engine start. Aggregate of another type (fig. 8) additionally contains direct-flow air pump (18), flow rate regulator (22) with channel (23) connected with inlet of heat exchanger (24) which has channel (25) directed towards heat exchanger (24) which channel has nozzle (26) at its end and channel (27) which is input for device for connecting to inlet pipe of engine. Heat exchanger (24) has ejector (28) with holes (29) for air inflow and flame arrester (30) at its output. In the lower part of heat exchanger (24) backet (31) is installed for heat exchanger preheating. Dry fuel is place into backet (31) and ignited to heat exchanger (24), reservoir (1) is filled by pump (18), flow rate regulator (22) is opened, and fuel vapour is ignited in the zone of nozzle (26), heat exchanger (22) is additionally heated and channel (27) is connected with engine inlet pipe, then starter is switched on and engine is started while feeding hot fuel vapour to its inlet nozzle which increase reliability of start.

EFFECT: higher reliability and flexibility of engine start at low temperatures.

12 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of automotive industry and can be used when starting internal combustion engines at a very low ambient temperature, typical for areas of Siberia and the Far North.

There is a method of starting the internal combustion engine of a vehicle at low ambient temperatures, which consists in supplying additional fuel to the inlet pipe (see book S.V. Akimov, Yu.P. Chizhkov. Electrical equipment of automobiles. - M.: Publishing House of ZAO KZhI “At the wheel”, 2001. - 384 hours, p.183-184, Fig.5.5).

There is also a method of starting the internal combustion engine of a vehicle at low temperature, which consists in supplying heated fuel to the inlet pipe (RF Patent No. 2295057, M. CL F02M 53/00, “Fuel Injection System”, Omsky State Higher Professional Education Institution) State Technical University ″, authors A.P. Bolshtyansky, V.E. Shcherba, Yu.A. Zenzin, E.A. Pavlyuchenko. - Publish. March 10, 2007).

A disadvantage of the known methods is the impossibility of their use in vehicles that are not equipped when leaving the factory with the appropriate units built into the fuel supply system, the inefficiency of use at temperatures below -30-35 degrees Celsius due to the poor volatility of conventional fuel and the high cost of battery power, which at the same time with power, the starter's work spends electricity to heat the fuel. The latter is especially important for the operation of a vehicle at a considerable distance from residential areas, when there may be no outside assistance in starting the engine.

All of the above suggests that in general the reliability of the known methods is low, and in the absence of appropriate units in the design of the car, their start-up at very low temperatures is almost impossible.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and versatility of the method of starting an internal combustion engine at low temperatures.

This problem is solved in that the fuel is heated outside the engine compartment of the vehicle to the temperature of its evaporation, including equal to its boiling point. At the same time, atmospheric air can be passed through the heated fuel during engine start-up and sent together with the fuel to the inlet pipe, and before passing atmospheric air through the heated fuel it is sprayed in the volume of this fuel.

In the unit for starting an internal combustion engine containing a tank partially filled with fuel and a device for connecting it to the engine inlet, a device for heating this fuel is installed in the lower part of the tank. In this case, the tank, partially filled with fuel, may contain a channel, the first end of which is located inside the tank below the fuel level, and the second end is above the fuel level and is connected to the atmosphere, and this channel is equipped with a check valve preventing fuel from escaping from the tank, and the unit may be equipped with an additional tank filled with compressed air and a channel connecting the cavity of the additional tank through an electromagnetic valve to the second end of the channel, and the first end of the channel may be equipped with a saw device, and the entire unit may be in a heat-insulating container.

When heat exchangers are used to evaporate fuel, the lower part of the tank, partially filled with fuel, is connected by a channel to the inlet of the heat exchanger through a flow regulator, and the heat exchanger has two exit channels, the first of which is directed towards the heat exchanger and has a fuel nozzle at the end, and the second is an input for devices for connecting to the engine inlet. The heat exchanger can have two cavities that do not communicate with each other, the input of the first of which is connected by a channel with a partially filled fuel tank through a flow regulator, and the output is connected to a channel having a fuel nozzle at the end, and the second cavity of the heat exchanger is connected by an input channel to a partially filled fuel tank through a valve, for example, of an electromagnetic type and an output channel with a device for connecting to the engine inlet, while the input channel connecting the second cavity of the heat exchanger through the valve with a tank partially filled with fuel, made in the form of two communicating vessels, one vessel with its free end connected to the valve, and the free end of the other vessel outside the tank in its upper part, equipped with a sealed lid and an opening located inside the tank above the fuel level. The second cavity of the heat exchanger can also be made in the form of a twisted tube, one end of which is connected to the valve, and the other end is connected to a device for connecting to the inlet pipe of the engine.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the simplest unit for starting the engine, in which the vapor pressure of the fuel is created only by heating it.

Figure 2 - the same unit in the heating process.

In Fig 3. - the same unit during the injection of fuel vapor into the inlet pipe.

Figure 4 - the same unit in the process of bubbling outside air through the fuel during the injection of fuel vapor into the intake pipe.

In Fig.5 - the same unit with an additional tank filled with compressed air.

Figure 6 shows the unit with additional capacity during the supply of fuel vapor into the intake pipe.

Figure 7 shows the unit with a heat exchanger and a fuel nozzle for heating the heat exchanger in action.

On Fig shows the unit with a heat exchanger and a separate remote pipe for supplying fuel vapor to the inlet pipe.

Fig. 9 shows an assembly with two cavities of a heat exchanger during the heating of heat exchangers.

Figure 10 is the same unit during the supply of fuel vapor to the inlet pipe.

11 shows an assembly with two heat exchanger cavities and a U-shaped channel for supplying fuel to that heat exchanger cavity in which vapors of fuel injected into the inlet pipe are formed.

On Fig shows the unit in which the function of one of the two cavities of the heat exchanger performs a twisted tube.

The unit for starting an internal combustion engine (Fig. 1) consists of a tank 1 partially filled with liquid fuel 2 and connected through an electromagnetic valve 3 to a device 4 for connecting to the inlet pipe. The tank 1 is installed in the casing 5 with the formation of an annular chimney 6 having openings for air inlet 7 and for the exit of flue gases 8. In the lower part of the tank 1, a device 9 is installed for heating it. A channel 10 is immersed in the tank 1, the first end of which is below the fuel level and equipped with a sawing device 11, and the second end is vented to the atmosphere through the check valve 12. The top of the tank 1 is also connected to the atmosphere through the safety valve 13. The tank 1 is installed together with the casing 5 in a heat-insulating container 14 with a cover 15. During operation of the unit, it is connected to the inlet pipe 16 (figure 2).

When using an additional tank 17 (Fig. 5) filled with compressed air, the unit additionally contains a piston direct-flow pump 18 lowered into this additional tank, as well as a channel 19 connecting the cavity of the additional tank 17 through an electromagnetic valve 20 with a channel 10.

A device using a heat exchanger (Fig. 7) also contains a tank 1 partially filled with fuel 2, and the pump 18 is installed directly in the tank 1, the lower part of which is connected through a channel 21 and a flow regulator 22 with a channel 23 with an inlet of a heat exchanger 24 having two outputs, the first of which 25 is directed towards the heat exchanger 24 and has a fuel nozzle 26 at the end, and the second 27 is the input to the device for connecting to the engine inlet. The heat exchanger 24 has an ejector 28 with openings 29 for air intake and a flame arrester 30 at the outlet. To preheat the heat exchanger 24, a trough 31 is installed in its lower part, which is not conventionally shown in Figs. 9-12.

When using two cavities not communicating with each other in the heat exchanger 24 (Fig. 9), the latter is divided into two cavities - the first 32 and the second 33. The inlet of the first cavity 32 is connected by a channel with a capacity 1 through channel 23, a flow regulator 22 and channel 21, and the output is with a channel 25 having an nozzle 26 at the end directed towards the heat exchanger 24. The second cavity 33 is connected with the inlet channel 34 to the tank 1 through an electromagnetic valve 35 and channel 36, and with a device for connecting to the inlet pipe 16 through the channel 37.

When using at the entrance of the second cavity 33 two communicating vessels of a U-shape (Fig. 11), one vessel 38 is connected to the valve 35, and the other end 39 is outside the upper part of the tank 1, equipped with a sealed cap 40 and has an opening 41 in the upper part above fuel level 2.

The second cavity 33 of the heat exchanger 24 can be made in the form of a twisted tube 42 (Fig.12).

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

In the simplest case (Fig. 1), when fuel heating is possible indoors, the cover 15 is removed from the unit, the casing 5 is taken out together with the container 1, the valve 3 is turned out, the container 1 is partially filled with fuel, the valve 3 is screwed back, the device 9 is removed and produced heating the tank 1 together with the casing 5 on any heating device until the safety valve 13 works. After that, the unit is assembled in the reverse order and transported to the car, the engine of which is to be started. Next, remove the cover 15, make the connection of the device 4 with the inlet pipe 16 of the engine (see also figure 3), connect the contacts of the valve 3 parallel to the starter motor, turn on the ignition and start the starter. Simultaneously with the rotation of the starter and the engine, valve 3 opens and its vapors formed during heating of the fuel enter the inlet pipe, mixing with the cold air that is sucked into the engine. In this case, the vapors partially condense into tiny droplets (with a diameter of the order of 3-5 microns), giving up the heat of condensation to the intake air and heating it, and partially remain in a gaseous state. The resulting combustible mixture received in the engine cylinders is easily ignited, because the smallest droplets of fuel have a large total surface and, having a small mass, easily evaporate in the cylinder when heat of compression is supplied to them at a compression stroke, and a significant part of the fuel remains in the form of vapors ready for ignition.

After all the fuel vapors ready for intake exit the tank 1, the pressure in it drops below the atmospheric pressure, because capacity 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the engine 16, the pressure of which is below atmospheric. This opens the valve 12 (figure 4), atmospheric air enters through the channel 10 into the atomizing device 11 and begins to sparge through the hot fuel 2, heats up and saturates it with vapor, and then enters through the valve 3 and device 4 into the pipe 16, supporting operation starting engine. After the engine began to work stably, valve 3 is turned off and then the engine runs in the normal warm-up mode.

A more complicated situation is that it is not possible to warm the tank 1 indoors or when the unit is transported for a very long time and the tank 1 has time to partially cool. In this case (Fig. 2), the heating of the container 1, partially pre-filled with fuel, is carried out using a device 9, which is first pulled out of the container 14, filled with combustible material, for example, tablets of dry alcohol, ignited and put in place. The lid 15 is open to provide flue gas circulation. Warming up is performed until the safety valve 13 is activated, after which the unit is used as described above.

Similarly, the method is applied when using the design of the unit shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The tank 1 is partially filled with fuel, and the air pressure in the tank 17 is created using the pump. After that, the tanks 1 and 17 are heated indoors or autonomously using the device 9 and connecting the tank 1 through the device 4 to the inlet pipe 16 of the engine. Then, the starter is started and at the same time valves 3 and 20 are opened. At the same time, fuel vapors formed as a result of heating of tank 1 and resulting from bubbling of hot air from tank 17 fall into the engine inlet, making it easier to start. The advantage of this design over the above is the fact that hot air enters the cavity 1 through the sawing device 11, which increases the temperature of the fuel vapor and prevents their condensation on the way to the engine cylinders.

When using a heat exchanger to create fuel vapor (Fig.7-12), the method of starting the engine is as follows. When the flow regulator 22 is closed by means of a pump 18 in a container 1 partially filled with fuel (Fig. 7), an excess pressure is created sufficient to operate the nozzle 26. Then, any fuel (dry alcohol, gasoline, etc.) is placed in the trough 31. , set fire to it and heat up the heat exchanger 24. Then, the flow regulator is opened and fuel is supplied through the channel 21 to the nozzle 26 through the heat exchanger 24, partially evaporates in this heat exchanger and flows through the nozzle 26 into the ejector 28. At the outlet of the nozzle 26, the fuel is ignited and a flame is formed, which split aetsya immediately behind the holes 29 through which air sucked from the environment. A further warming up of the heat exchanger occurs 24. At the same time, a mixture of vapors and liquid fuel passes through channel 27.

When the heat exchanger 24 is completely warmed up, complete evaporation of fuel occurs in it and only fuel vapors begin to pass through channel 27, which overheat, passing through channel 27 through a flame. After stabilization of the process of producing superheated fuel vapor, channel 27 is connected to a device for supplying vapor to the inlet pipe (not shown) and the engine is started.

The design depicted in Fig. 8 works similarly to that shown in Fig. 7.

Somewhat more complex, but remotely controlled and safer to handle unit designs are shown in FIGS. 9-12.

Starting work with the unit (Fig. 9) is similar to the above steps with the structures shown in Figs. 7 and 8. However, in this case, the heat exchanger 24 has two individual cavities (32 and 22) and the work on heating the heat exchanger is carried out only by one cavity 32. After the heat exchanger 24 has completely warmed up, using the flow regulator 22, the fuel supply to the nozzle is stopped and the flame in the ejector 28 goes out. Only then (Fig. 10) the unit is installed next to the engine compartment, the channel 37 is connected to the device for supplying fuel vapor to the inlet pipe 16 (not shown), and the starter is started with the valve 35 turned on, through which the fuel enters the cavity 33 of the heat exchanger 24, evaporates there and enters the engine inlet. That is, in this case, work in the immediate vicinity of the engine compartment is performed with the nozzle 26 turned off and in the absence of flame in the unit, which increases the safety of starting the engine.

In the event that it is better to use fuel with special properties (acetone, alcohol, ether, gasoline with special additives) for guaranteed engine starting, the design shown in Fig. 11, which works similarly to the above, but in which channel 36 is connected to communicating vessels 38 and 39. The vessel 38 performs the function of a normal channel, and the vessel 39 is a container that, before the unit is operated, is filled with special fuel with the cover 40 removed to the level of the openings 41, through which the pressure in the container 1 is created Goes pump 18 when the lid 40 is closed, acts on the fuel, forcing it into the cavity 33 where it is vaporized and fed into the inlet 16 (Fig. not shown).

A slightly simpler design variant of the unit that implements the proposed method when using a heat exchanger with two cavities is shown in Fig. 12. Here, the construction of the second cavity of the heat exchanger 24 is made in the form of a twisted tube 42, the axis of the coil of which coincides with some accuracy with the axis of the ejector 28. In this case, after heating of the heat exchanger 24 is completed, as in the previous design, the regulator 22 stops the flow of fuel to the nozzle 26, the flame in the ejector 28 goes out and the unit is connected by a channel 37 to a device for supplying gasoline vapors to the inlet pipe 16 (not shown), after which, at the same time as starting the starter, the valve 35 and the vapors of the top 42 vaporized in the heated tube open livas are fed into the engine.

The proposed method for starting a vehicle’s internal combustion engine at low ambient temperatures allows it to be fed into the engine intake pipe and then through the gas distribution mechanism — into its cylinders, a fuel-air mixture containing, regardless of the ambient temperature and engine parts, hot fuel vapors and its smallest particles , which greatly facilitates the process of fuel ignition in the engine cylinders and increases the reliability of its start-up.

In addition, this method and the proposed devices that implement it make it possible to use them when starting the engines of any cars, regardless of the design features of the engines and the presence or absence of additional standard devices that facilitate starting the engine, which increases the versatility of the starting method.

Claims (12)

1. The method of starting the internal combustion engine of a vehicle at low temperature, which consists in supplying heated fuel to the inlet pipe, characterized in that the fuel is heated outside the engine compartment of the vehicle to its evaporation temperature, including its boiling point. 2. The method of starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that atmospheric air is passed through the heated fuel during engine start-up and sent together with the fuel to the inlet pipe. 3. The method of starting an internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that atmospheric air is passed through the heated fuel by spraying it in the volume of this fuel. 4. A unit for starting an internal combustion engine, comprising a container partially filled with fuel, and a device for connecting it to the engine inlet, characterized in that a device for heating this fuel is installed in the lower part of the tank. 5. The unit for starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the tank, partially filled with fuel, contains a channel, the first end of which is located inside the tank below the fuel level, and the second end is above the fuel level and connected to the atmosphere, this the channel is equipped with a check valve to prevent leakage of fuel from the tank. 6. The unit for starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional tank filled with compressed air and a channel connecting the cavity of the additional tank through an electromagnetic valve with the second end of the channel. 7. The unit for starting the internal combustion engine according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the first end of the channel is equipped with a sawing device. 8. The unit for starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the tank, partially filled with fuel, is installed in a heat-insulating container. 9. A unit for starting an internal combustion engine containing a container partially filled with fuel and a device for connecting it to the engine inlet, characterized in that the lower part of the tank partially filled with fuel is connected by a channel to the inlet of the heat exchanger through a flow regulator, and the heat exchanger has two exit channels, the first of which is directed towards the heat exchanger and has a fuel nozzle at the end, and the second is the input to the device for connecting to the engine inlet. 10. The unit for starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat exchanger has two cavities not communicating with each other, the input of the first of which is connected by a channel with a partially filled fuel tank through a flow regulator, and the output - with a channel having the end of the fuel nozzle, and the second cavity of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet channel with a partially filled fuel tank through a valve, for example, of an electromagnetic type and an outlet channel with a device for connecting to the engine inlet. 11. The unit for starting the internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the inlet channel connecting the second cavity of the heat exchanger through a valve with a partially filled fuel tank is made in the form of two communicating vessels, one vessel having its free end connected to the valve, and the free end of the other vessel is brought out of the tank in its upper part, equipped with a sealed lid and a hole located inside the tank above the fuel level. 12. The unit for starting an internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the second cavity of the heat exchanger is made in the form of a twisted tube, one end of which is connected to the valve, and the other end is connected to a device for connecting to the inlet of the engine.

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