RU2524093C1 - Processing of potassic seams by combined technology - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: step-by-step mining of productive layers of potassic seams with advance breaking the rock salt, first shearer mining is executed in the chamber design contour over its entire length to combine it with vent drift. Blasting cutting of the entire rock salt is performed in the entire volume of cleanup chamber design contour from the walls of shearer mining drift. Cut rock salt if placed on soil of previous shearer mining. Excavation of mineral from productive layers of potassic seam is performed by heading machine. Machine drift in the chamber design contour is located subject to chamber width either at the chamber centre or on board of its design contour.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of seam working owing to complete cutting of diluting layer in chamber contour.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and allows you to work out potash formations of low power or complex structure with layers of rock salt combined technology, including formations of mixed composition, consisting of productive layers alternating in reservoir thickness, separated by layers of rock salt, as well as dangerous in gas-dynamic phenomena.

There is a method of developing a powerful shallow potash formation with a layer of rock salt, including combine mining of the formation by cameras, transportation of minerals by a self-propelled vehicle, mining of the formation in the chamber by layer-by-layer approaches at once to the entire thickness of the formation, and when filling through the layer of rock salt, broken salt is placed after behind the harvester on the soil of the camera in the form of a layer and the entry into the layers is performed as a result of reciprocating movements of the combine (Pat. No. 2421616 Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/2 0, No. 2009148606, decl. 12/28/09, publ. 06/20/2011).

However, in the technology of the aforementioned patent, the mining of mineral reserves is carried out by selective extraction chambers, ascending successive approaches to the layers using selective harvesters, which have a limited scope, since potash mines also produce hazardous formations where the use of selective harvesters is prohibited . This is due to the fact that the design of selective harvesters does not include shields for protecting the working body, protecting the workers of the bottomhole group from the possible consequences of the release of salt and gas, as well as reducing the dustiness of the air in the dead-end mine.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of mining a powerful flat bed separated by a rocky interlayer, including combining mining the reservoir with cameras in sequential layers, transporting minerals by a self-propelled vehicle, break the interlayer for the entire length and width of the chamber with the removal of the broken rock salt from the mined chamber and then the whole width and length of the chamber is blasted and shipped, moreover, blasting is performed with several strokes of the combine, followed by their expansion to the design width, while breaking off the rock salt interlayer by successive strokes of the combine or the entire length of the chamber, or part of it (Pat. 2439322 Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/20, No. 201023083, decl. 08.06.10, publ. 10.01 .2012).

However, this technology provides for a large number of distillation of combine complexes, which significantly reduces the productivity of the combine technology for breaking ore.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the manufacturability and safety of mining formations containing a layer of rock salt, due to preliminary breaking of the diluting layer in the circuit of the chamber.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of working out potash formations using a combined technology, including conducting treatment and preparatory workings, passed by combines, drilling and blasting breaking off a layer of rock salt from the formation with leaving it on the soil of the passed combine harvester, combine working off the remaining productive layers of minerals from the formation , transportation of minerals by a self-propelled vehicle, sequential extraction of productive layers of potash is carried out about the formation with a leading extraction of the rock salt layer, for which the combine course is initially passed in the design circuit of the chamber for its entire length and knocked down with a ventilation drift, then the blasting blasting of the entire rock salt layer in the volume of the design contour of the treatment chamber is carried out from the walls of the completed mining course leaving broken rock salt on the soil of the previously passed combine harvester, after which the volume of the mineral from the productive layers of the potash reservoir is removed in the treatment chamber harvesters.

Combine production in the design circuit of the camera is arranged depending on the width of the camera either in the center (axis) of the camera or on the board of the design circuit of the camera.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 is a diagram of the mining excavation section; figure 2 - scheme of driving a split harvester; figure 3 is a diagram of the refinement of the stock of the chamber after the explosion with the development of a shearer.

In the drawings indicated: 1 - practiced chamber (L ₁ ); 2 - split harvester stroke; 3 - practiced chamber (L ₂ ); 4 - a layer of rock salt; 5 - productive (sylvinite) layer; 6, 7 - the second and third harvester course of the treatment recess of the formation; 8 - broken rock salt; 9 - holes; 10 - excavation drift.

The essence of the method consists in sequentially harvesting the productive layers of the potash layer and the rock salt layer with a compulsory method with the mandatory advance blasting breaking of the rock salt layer immediately over the entire length of the chamber.

The method is as follows.

The greatest effect is achieved when more than two chambers are simultaneously worked out in the excavation section: 1, width L ₁ and 3, width L ₂ .

In this case, it is possible (optimally) to combine drilling and blasting operations for the extraction of the salt layer and the combine excavation of mineral reserves in the treatment chambers.

Initially, in the design circuit of the preparatory chamber 1 (width L ₁ ), the first dead end split cutting combine pass 2 passes along its entire length (Fig. 2). The harvester stroke is positioned depending on the width of the chamber either in the center (axis) of the chamber or along the side of the design circuit of the chamber and knock it down with a ventilation drift.

Further airing is carried out due to general mine depression.

When digging a dead end combine passage, ore dilution occurs due to cutting of the salt layer 4 located between the layers of mineral 5. In this case, dilution of sylvinite ore with rock salt is not more than 30% per one combine move or not more than 10% of the total volume of worked out mining.

After driving I of the dead end stroke 2, the combine is sent to the next chamber planned for mining for driving a similar stroke.

From the harvester stroke 2, passed in the chamber, drill holes 9 (Fig. 1, 2) are drilled to the boundaries of the design contour of the processed chamber 3 (for the entire width of the chamber L ₂ ) (Fig. 2) to the height of the rock salt layer, after which drilling and blasting is performed breaking of a layer of rock salt 4 in a productive, sylvinite layer 5 in the volume of the design contour of the processed chamber.

The breaking of the rock salt layer is carried out over the entire length of the chamber either sequentially or simultaneously from two sides. Rock salt 8 from the broken layer is placed on the soil of the previously passed combine stroke 2.

After the breaking of rock salt along the entire length of the chamber, the remaining reserves of sylvinite ore in the chamber are processed by the combine method (Figure 3).

To do this, along the left and right edge of the circuit of the mined chamber, in which a layer of rock salt was previously beaten by a blasting method, the sylvinite layer is excavated alternately by the harvester strokes 6 and 7 (the first and second strokes in figure 1). The number of harvester moves depends on the design width of the chamber and, accordingly, the size of the harvester (Figure 3).

The recaptured mineral, as it is mined, is shipped from the chamber by self-propelled transport using a dredging drift 10.

The use of the proposed combined technology for excavating a mixed potash formation reduces the dilution of sylvinite ore with rock salt, which will be <10% throughout the spent chamber, significantly reduce the volume of loading and unloading operations from the shearer to the delivery vehicles, since the broken layer of rock salt from the mined chamber they will not be exported and in the future it will become an integral part of the filling array. Also, this technology increases the manufacturability and safety of mining due to preliminary drilling and blasting breaking off a layer of rock salt and reducing the number of cuts when mining a first layer of rock salt and then mineral, i.e. by reducing the cyclicity of mining operations.

Claims (2)

1. A method of working out potash seams using combined technology, including conducting treatment and preparatory workings, passed by combines, breaking off a layer of rock salt from the formation with leaving it on the soil of the passed combine harvester, working off the remaining productive layers of minerals from the formation, transporting minerals by a self-propelled vehicle , characterized in that the sequential excavation of productive layers of the potash reservoir is carried out with the advanced breaking of the stone layer salt, for which they initially go through the combine harvester in the design circuit of the chamber for its entire length and knock it off with a ventilation drift, then drill and blast the entire layer of rock salt in the volume of the design contour of the treatment chamber with drilling rock placed on the soil from the walls of the developed harvester stroke previously passed the harvester course, after which they carry out the extraction of the volume of minerals from the productive layers of the potash reservoir in the chamber by shearers. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the combine production in the design circuit of the camera is arranged depending on the width of the camera either in the center of the camera or on the board of the design circuit of the camera.

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