RU2523038C2 - Method for recovery of biologically active ingredients of herbal raw material and agent on basis thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the pharmaceutical industry, namely a method for recovery of biologically active ingredients from quick grass. The method for recovery of the biologically active ingredients from fresh roots and/or leaves of quick grass involving pre-cooling of the raw material, cooling of mineral water, mixing thereof and grinding under certain conditions.

EFFECT: method enables effective recovery of the biologically active substances from roots and/or leaves of quick grass.

2 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology and relates to methods for isolating biologically active components with natural properties from plant materials.

State of the art

The development of methods for preparing solutions, including components isolated from plant material and having high biological activity, is currently an urgent task. Such solutions are widely used, for example, for the preparation of drinks, as a liquid base for cosmetics.

The main use of solutions, including components isolated from plant material and having high biological activity, is associated with the preparation of drinks.

The invention is known [1], in which to improve the sparkling and organoleptic properties of a drink, a composition of sparkling water, grape juice, grape seed extract, alcoholic hop extracts and lemon oil is used.

The invention is known [2], in which the drink contains pectins of sea grass, apples, citrus fruits, blueberry juices, lingonberries, honey. As the aqueous base of the drink, carbonated or still water is used.

A common disadvantage of this group of inventions is that biologically active substances are isolated from components that have undergone heat treatment, which reduces the biological activity of substances in the drink, and carbon dioxide is used to improve organoleptic properties.

The invention is known [3], which describes a non-alcoholic drink enriched with natural biologically active substances extracted from dry plant materials, including wheatgrass root. The selection of substances is carried out by the method of infusion. As a diluent, water is used.

The invention is known [4], in which a soft drink includes extractives isolated from a mixture of dry plant materials: aerial parts of valerian and Jerusalem artichoke, leaves and stalks of sea buckthorn, wheat grass, table salt, sugar, food acid, carbon dioxide and water in certain ratios. The extract is obtained by water-enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of dry plant materials, followed by alcoholization to 20%.

The invention is known [5], in which the drink includes a water-alcoholic extract of milk thistle seeds and additionally contains a preservative sodium benzoate and carbon dioxide for preparing a medium-carbonated drink with a carbon dioxide content of 0.30-0.4 kg / 100 dal or highly carbonated drink with a carbon dioxide content of more than 0.40 kg / 100 gave.

A common disadvantage of this group of inventions is that in the process of preparing the extract or infusion, dried herbs or seeds are used, which during the drying process lose the biological activity of a significant number of enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase, which produces bicarbonate from water and carbon dioxide.

The invention is known [6] for a method that involves grinding raw materials, extraction with a twice electroactivated liquid, which is an electroactivated 0.1% aqueous NaCl solution with a pH of 1-4, heated to 80-90 ° C with a ratio of the mass of the raw material to the volume of extractant 1: 0.5 and subsequent sedimentation and two stages of extraction of primary and secondary juice, combining primary and secondary juice, preserving the juice, settling and filtering it.

The invention is known [7], according to which juice extracted from freshly picked leaves of plants of the genus Rhaponticum is used as a raw material for extraction, which is filtered, concentrated, and the resulting concentrate is extracted with an organic solvent.

The invention is known [8], in which concentrated cell sap is obtained from freshly picked plants. The crushed raw materials are extracted at room temperature with a large flow of liquefied carbon dioxide. Next, the oil fraction is separated from the aqueous, while the aqueous fraction is a concentrated cell juice.

Known phytocomplexes [9], for the preparation of which dry vegetable raw materials are used, which are crushed separately in mills and sieved through sieves to a particle size of 0.3-0.4 mm. In a complex with vegetable juices from freshly picked plants. Plants are crushed, squeezed, ethyl alcohol is added to the resulting juice as a stabilizer.

The above group of inventions relates to the production of cell juice from freshly picked plants. The squeezed plant juice in the following steps is extracted either at high temperature (RU patent No. 2280466) or extracted with an organic solvent (RU patent No. 2174397) or extracted in a stream of liquefied carbon dioxide (RU patent No. 2358746), or the collected juice is treated with ethanol (RU patent No. 2206331). During the extraction process, most of the biologically active components present in the juice lose their activity.

One of the analogues of the alleged invention is patent RU No. 2178979 [10], in which the tonic drink contains mineral water or diluted juice, and the polysaccharides from a plant of the genus Ungernia of the general formula (VARIUM at a final concentration of 0.00001) have a tonic effect. -0.05 g / l

Another analogue is a non-alcoholic drink described in patent RU No. 2059392 [11], which contains alcoholic extracts of lemon balm, mint, bison, carbon dioxide and mineral water of the Izmail type with a total mineralization of 0.4-0.9%.

The closest analogue is the patent RU№2173162 [12]. This invention relates to the creation of phyto-homeopathic water for purification and correction of the vitamin-mineral balance of the body, consisting of a carbonated mixture of infusion of medicinal plants and water taken in a ratio of 1:10, while the medicinal plants infusion contains the fruits of hawthorn, dill, coriander, rosehip , nettle leaf, cowberry, senna, sage, bearberry, St. John's wort, motherwort, celandine, calamus root, marshmallow, licorice, valerian, tansy, calendula, yarrow flowers in an amount of 1-3 parts in equal proportions yah.

To prepare the proposed tool, all plants are ground to a powder state and mixed in equal proportions. Depending on the indications, each plant is taken in an amount of 1-3 parts. Then fractionally extracted with natural mineral water from the source and the resulting infusion is mixed with the same water at a ratio of infusion: water - 1:10, respectively, and then the mixture is aerated in a saturator from 3.5-4 atm.

The disadvantage of the method of creating phyto-homeopathic water and means based on it is the use of not freshly harvested, but dried plants, in which the content of biologically active substances is reduced.

The problem to be solved in the framework of the present invention is to maximize the preservation of biologically active substances in freshly picked leaves, expanding the range of extracts from plant materials for obtaining drinks for herbal medicine, when using as an active principle - juice extracted from the leaves of wheatgrass using carbonated mineral water, which increases resistance organism to environmental influences and promotes purification in combination with natural or artificial mineral water as environments correction of the vitamin-mineral balance of the body and carbon dioxide, as a means of stabilizing biologically active functions and preserving the drink.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method, allowing to solve the tasks, is the rejection of preliminary drying of plant materials and the use of freshly picked plants. The proposed method consists in combining the grinding and extraction of freshly harvested raw materials in one stage directly in carbonated and ice-cooled mineral water, subsequent extraction and / or filtration of the target product, which allows to obtain a phyto-product as close as possible in composition and biological activity to living leaves of plants, but differing from them by significantly greater bioavailability due to the destruction of the rigid leaf structures of cereal plants such as, for example, creeping wheatgrass.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the proposed invention is a method for isolating biologically active components from freshly harvested plants, according to which grassy raw materials are ground, biologically active substances are extracted in a chilled environment containing carbon dioxide and the extract is pressed. To do this, freshly collected raw materials are immersed in a disintegrator, filled with a solution having a temperature of 1-5 ° C. The composition of the grinding solution is selected from the group consisting of: a) water with mineral additives and carbon dioxide, b) at least one type of mineral water and carbon dioxide. The crushed material is squeezed through a nylon sheet, the fibrous structure of the light green sheet remaining on the sheet is discarded, and the filtrate, including all components of the sheet except the fibers, is used as the target product.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a means for purifying and correcting the vitamin-mineral balance of the body, which is characterized by the fact that it is an aqueous extract of a medicinal plant containing carbon dioxide and mineral supplements, while the medicinal plant contains a creeping wheatgrass. Description of the invention

In the analysis of known methods for producing extracts using plant materials, it was found that the greatest number of technical solutions is associated with the formation of extracts using dried plant materials or using the extraction of biological substances in conditions that do not allow the maximum preservation of biological active substances due to extraction either at high temperature, or at high pressure, or at a high concentration of solvents, as Some use a liquid form of carbon dioxide, ethylene, benzene, chlorotrifluoromethane, cyclohexane and others.

At high concentrations of solvents, high temperature and pressure, a large number of undesirable components are released from plants, such as, for example, heavy metals, which can be left during extraction under mild conditions in the residues of plant material during subsequent extraction and separation of the pure fraction. In addition, a large number of inactive fragments of proteins, polysaccharides released at critical temperatures of carbon dioxide, high pressure or high solvent concentration make it difficult to stabilize the active components isolated with them, since the stabilization and preservation of substances depend on the composition of the extract. This leads to a low preservation of the properties of biological components and a decrease in the effectiveness of the selected extract.

We have found that the use of carbon dioxide (bicarbonate) in aqueous solutions at low temperatures to destroy leaves allows us to obtain a product similar to the contents of a living sheet with fully preserved enzyme activity and non-inactivated phenolic substances and antioxidants. These include: a) chlorophylls, plastoquinones, carotenoids, enzymes, hydrolyzing food proteins, carbohydrates, peroxidases and catalases, amylases, as well as minerals. Moreover, in addition to carbon dioxide, water taken from natural sources, or artificially produced solutions for extraction using compositions of substances similar to substances included in mineral waters, or extraction solutions are made up of a mixture of several mineral waters, are used as a solution for extraction.

The method for isolating biologically active components from freshly picked plants generally includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of plant material for grinding, which includes: collecting leaves and / or roots of herbaceous plants, washing with water, cooling in a refrigerator at a temperature of from 2 to 10 ° C .. Preferably at a temperature of from 3 to 5 ° C ..

2. Preparation of a solution for extraction. Depending on the purpose of use, it includes: A) the choice of complexes of mineral substances added to a solution of water and carbon dioxide in a concentration that helps to preserve the biologically active components of plant cells in an active state, B) the choice of at least one type of natural mineral water, mixing different types of mineral water and adding carbon dioxide at a concentration of 0.30-0.4 kg / 100 dal, which helps to keep the biologically active components of plant cells in an active state, B) select at least at least one type of mineral water containing carbon dioxide in a concentration that contributes to the conservation of biologically active components of plant cells and mixing of different types of mineral water in a ratio of 1: 1 or 1:10. In this case, in option A) and B) carbon dioxide is added to the water in a concentration that helps to preserve the biologically active components of plant cells in their native state. The composition of mineral complexes may include mixtures of mineral components (by weight) that are part of known mineral waters. The extraction solution is cooled to a temperature of less than 10 ° C.

3. Laying grassy material in a device for grinding plant tissues and the allocation of chloroplasts. As such a device, different types of kitchen and special blenders [13] equipped with a cutting knife made of stainless steel can be used. The speed of rotation of the knife in the disintegrator can be 2000-5000 rpm.

4. The introduction of the solution into the grinding chamber. In this case, take the generally accepted ratio between the weight of water and the weight of raw materials.

5. Grinding the mixture in a blender at a temperature of 1-5 ° C., For a time sufficient to grind the grass material to sizes not exceeding 0.1-0.5 mm. Preferably, grinding is carried out for 20-30 minutes.

6. Extraction of crushed material through a nylon web.

As a component of the solution for the extract, various types of natural natural waters can be used. Depending on the type of disease, such waters as are used for prevention and treatment [14]: a) Berezovskaya, Mirgorodskaya, Novo-Izhevskaya, Polyana Kvasova, Sairme, Sevan, Slavyanskaya, Smirnovskaya, Izhevskaya, Essentuki N 4, N 17; Nabeglavi, Arzni, Achaluki, Novoterskaya healing - to restore the secretory function of the stomach, b) Smirnovskaya, Feodosiya, Uglichskaya, Kuyalnik N 4, Moscow, Dilijan, Essentuki N 4, N 17; Ankaban, Berezovskaya, Borjomi, Jermuk, Zvarya, Izhevskaya, Nabeglavi, Narzan, Sevan, Sernovodskaya, Slavyanskaya, Dzhan-Suar, Krainskaya, Svaniava - with increased secretory function of the stomach, c) Jermuk, Kashinskaya, Lysogorskaya, Nabeglavi, as well as Achaluki Borjomi, Moskovskaya, Polyana Kvasova, Sairme in the presence of chronic liver and biliary tract diseases (cholecystitis and hepatitis), d) Narzan, Slavyanovskaya, Smirnovskaya, Essentuki No. 4 for treating kidney stones, e) Arkhyz, Senezhskaya - drinking water for daily consumption .

When forming a solution for extraction with complexes of mineral substances added to a solution of water simultaneously with carbon dioxide, the compositions of natural mineral waters are analyzed, the most typical compositions of the most important mineral substances in 1 liter of selected natural waters are selected and a composition of substances is formed that when dissolved in 1 liter of ordinary The water will contain the same concentration in grams / liter as in the selected mineral water.

An attractive feature of this method is that it does not require expensive equipment, the creation of high pressure, as is used in the extraction [15] of plant material, all the processes of isolation of biologically active components are non-toxic and do not affect the environment. Carbon dioxide is widely used in food technology and is available at low prices. The types of drinks produced according to the described method can be used as homeopathic remedies by homeopathic dilutions of the target product (practically living leaf with preserved chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, enzymes and pigments and enriched with mineral elements of natural water) with a preserved structure and activity for prevention and treatment of various types of diseases, for example, the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, oncological diseases. Solutions based on an extract isolated from the leaves and / or roots of wheatgrass can be used in the preparation of masks and creams for cleaning the skin and as a means of cleansing the liver of mycotoxins.

As follows from Table 1, there is a critical level of concentration of carbon dioxide in the solution for the effective extraction of biologically active substances with preserving the properties by maintaining the structure of enzymes and proteins in the fluid extracted from the leaves. It turned out that lowering the temperature of mineral sparkling water at the time of leaf destruction and squeezing the juice is key not only at the time of leaf destruction, but also in the further preservation of the product from oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, as well as inactivation of enzymes by lowering the pH with the help of carbon dioxide formed from carbon dioxide and water. As a result of this effect, enzymes and subcellular structures form microaggregates that inhibit degradation and oxidation.

Example 1 Measurement of the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts characterizing the nativeness of wheatgrass leaf homogenate

Measurement of the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts is determined by the rate of photo reduction of DCPF from H ₂ O in μM O2 / mg. hl-hour / Gavrilenko et al. A large workshop on plant physiology, M. Higher School, 1975 /. Chloroplasts from fresh juice are used as a control. Chloroplasts are obtained by centrifuging the juice at a speed of 3-5000 rpm.). The degree of oxidation of phenolic substances of a flavonoid nature in the supernatant is determined spectrophotometrically by the ratio of absorption intensity at 280 nm and 420 nm. The effect of carbon dioxide additives on the activity of chloroplasts and the degree of oxidation of phenolic substances, as indicators of the conservation of wheatgrass leaf homogenate in distilled water, are presented in table No. 1 Table No. 1

Days Photosynthetic activity of chloroplast, μM 02 / mg. chlorophyll / hour. In the control (without the addition of carbon dioxide) activity was completely absent after 3.5-5 hours The degree of oxidation of phenolic substances,% to control storage temperature
storage + 25C in the dark Storage temperature + 4C in the dark one 0,0 45-60 0.5

one 50-65 5,0 2 55-70 6.0 3 40-60 10.0 four 35-40 25.0 5 20-25 20,0

The table shows that during 5 days of storage of the leaf homogenate in the presence of carbon dioxide, activity slowly decreased while in the control (without the addition of carbon dioxide) it was completely absent after 3.5-5.0 hours.

Example 2

The effect of CO2 in Krainskaya mineral water on the activity of chloroplasts and the preservation (in% of control) of wheatgrass leaf homogenate Table No. 2

Days Still Carbonated storage water water % to control % to control temperature temperature + 4C in the dark + 4C in the dark one 75-80 90-95 2 70-75 90-95 3 65-70 90-95 four 50-60 80-85 5 25-30 75-80 6 15-20 65-70 7 0 55-60

From the results of table 2 it can be seen that, compared to the use of distilled water, the activity of chloroplasts and the degree of oxidation of flavonoids of the homogenate obtained on the basis of Krainskaya mineral water can be removed for Columns

Industrial reproducibility

Prepared according to the specified method, the extract has high biological activity. This is facilitated by a new method of grinding plant material, which is carried out using chilled and carbonated water. This reduces the denaturation of enzymes and proteins and increases the biological value of the extract. Low temperature and water saturation with carbon dioxide prevent a decrease in the level of denaturation of enzymes and proteins and increase the biological value of the drink. Carbon dioxide prevents the decrease in the activity of enzymes and flavonoids during grinding of grassy material, which increases the shelf life of the drink up to 4-6 days.

The specified method can be used in scalable production or at home, for the production of a healing drink. This drink can be used as an affordable means to strengthen the immune system, treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases associated with a lack of digestive enzymes, anemia, and oncological diseases. The specified drink is a natural source of plant antioxidant substances of a flavonoid nature. Chlorophyll obtained in the process of preparing a drink has anti-cancer properties and cleanses the body of toxins.

A drink from wheatgrass leaves can be used to increase immune defense and at the same time, as an anti-inflammatory drug, in the treatment of prostatitis, cystitis and as a diuretic. Chlorophyll, which is part of the drink, stimulates the immune system and is a powerful anti-cancer agent. The medicinal plant of wheatgrass creeping used to prepare the extract and drinks is approved by the Ministry of Health for use.

Literature

1. Shpritsman E.M. etc. Alcohol-free carbonated drink Auth. Testimonial. SU No.SU 1373398 (02.15.1988).

2. Golomovzaya EA and other non-alcoholic tonic beverage ALGAE - VITA Patent RU №RU 2128454 (04/10/1999).

3. Pekhtereva N.T. et al. BALSAMIC SYRUP Patent No.RU 2197155 (07/10/2002)

4. Shirinkin D.A. SOFT DRINK "ALLIANCE'Patent RU No. 2076614 (04/10/1997).

5. Gorshkov M.A. TABLE DRINK Patent No.RU2270588 (02.27.2006)

6. Tarasov V. Ye. Et al. METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULAR JUICE FROM THE GROUND PART OF THE MAKELA SMALL-CAME Patent RU No. RU2280466 (07.27.2006).

7. Nedopekin D.V. et al. METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CONCENTRATE OF ECDISTEROIDS AND ECDISTERON FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL Patent No. RU2174397 (10.10.2001)

8. Karpitsky V.V. and Kurganov A.K. METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED CELLULAR JUICE AND MEANS FOR ITS PREPARATION Patent RU No.RU 2358746 (06.20.2009)

9. Ralchenko V.F. et al. PHYTOCOMPLEX ON THE BASIS OF FITORAL-1, FITORAL-2, AND ECOVIT FEE FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, LIVER, CARDIOVASCULAR AND URINARY DISEASE (20%)

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11. Manuylov M. I. SOFT DRINK. Patent RU No. 2059392 (05/10/1996)

2. Ponomareva A.G. et al. PHYTOGOMEOPATHIC WATER FOR CLEANING AND CORRECTION OF VITAMIN-MINERAL BALANCE. Patent RU№RU№2173162 (09/10/2001).

13. Khristin M.F. and Muzafarov E.N. A device for grinding plant tissues and isolating chloroplasts Aut Svid. SU No.SU 1645289 (04.30.1991).

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15. Whittle, et al. Extraction of pharmaceutically active components from plant materials US Patent No. 7,344,736 (March 18, 2008).

Claims (2)

1. A method of isolating biologically active components from freshly picked roots and / or leaves of a creeping wheat grass, including grinding grassy materials, extracting biologically active substances in a medium containing a carbon dioxide solution, spin and subsequent filtration, characterized in that the raw materials are pre-cooled at a temperature of 2 up to 10 ° C, mineral water with a carbon dioxide content of 0.30-0.4 kg / 100 dal is cooled to a temperature of less than 10 ° C, the cooled raw materials and mineral water are mixed, the mixture is ground to size The range of raw materials is 0.1-0.5 mm at a temperature of 1-5 ° C, where Krainskaya natural water is used as mineral water. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the herbaceous raw materials are cooled at a temperature of from 3 to 5 ° C.